首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
本研究于2021年3~9月,采用目标观察和全事件记录法,对广西防城港市钦州湾八路水湿地黑翅长脚鹬(Himantopus himantopus)的繁殖习性进行全过程观察记录。黑翅长脚鹬的栖息生境主要在盐田、虾塘和鱼塘,而巢主要分布在盐田生境。共发现39巢,雌雄共同营巢,按照主要巢材将其巢分为干草巢、碎石巢、泥皮巢和牛毛毡草巢4种;巢材包括禾本科(Gramineae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)植物以及碎石、贝壳等;巢外径为(23.3±10.7)cm,巢内径为(11.2±1.9)cm,巢深为(1.6±0.5)cm,巢高为(6.5±4.3)cm(n=39);筑巢需(3±2)d(n=6)。窝卵数2~4枚,1~2 d产1枚卵,7 d内产完满窝卵(n=6)。雌雄均参与孵卵,雄性孵卵时间比雌性长,但二者差异不显著(P> 0.05),雄性(8 550±245.9)min,雌性(7 530±263.3)min,孵卵期为(25±2)d(n=6)。育雏期(26±3)d(n=6),雌雄轮流育雏,育雏前、中期(雏鸟1~20d日龄),雌性育雏时间比雄性长,是雄性的2倍,育雏后期(雏鸟大于20 d日龄),...  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨袖带胃切除术对Wistar大鼠体质量、大鼠前胃黏膜及黏膜肌层厚度的影响,为进一步研究袖状胃切除术的减重机制提供形态学依据。方法 20只雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为2组,12只行袖状胃切除术做为手术组;8只行胃干预组做为假手术组,术前、术后第1天及术后1月内每周,而后每两周进行体重测量,术后12周处死大鼠后制作前胃石蜡切片,组织学方法观察其形态变化。结果手术组大鼠存活10只,成活率83%。假手术组大鼠在术后增重明显,手术组大鼠体重在术后2周恢复术前水平,体重增长明显但较假手术组慢(P〈0.05)。手术组大鼠术后前胃有代偿性扩张,光镜下可见黏膜及黏膜肌层厚度变薄,黏膜皱襞变浅。结论袖状胃切除术大鼠模型中对前胃的形态学观察可能有利于进一步阐明该术式大鼠模型的减重和体重反弹机制。  相似文献   

3.
环境温度的变化影响野生啮齿动物的消化道形态与功能。小肠是吸收营养成分的主要部位,其结构和功能具有可塑性。为了解小肠黏膜的结构和功能对环境温度变化的响应机制,以布氏田鼠为研究对象,比较了低温组和常温组动物小肠黏膜的组织结构和小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的数目。结果显示:(1)低温组布氏田鼠的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度及绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值均高于对照组;(2)低温驯化使布氏田鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞的数量增加;(3)低温驯化使布氏田鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠的杯状细胞数量均显著增加。结果表明,在低温环境下布氏田鼠的小肠黏膜结构和免疫细胞的数量发生了可塑性变化,这可能与低温环境下的高能量需求和免疫功能的变化有关。  相似文献   

4.
斑翅肩花蝽Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri是铁杉球蚜Adelges tsugae Annand (hemlock woolly adelgid) 的重要天敌昆虫。在云南省兰坪县天生桥林区通过实验室和林间的饲养观察与测定、林间线路调查等方法, 研究了斑翅肩花蝽的生物学特性、生境及食性选择,并描述各虫态形态特征。斑翅肩花蝽在该林区一年发生2代, 无世代重叠, 寿命长。第1代(5月下旬至10月下旬)卵期13.8±1.6 d,若虫期97.6±7.4 d,成虫期55.2±4.7 d;第2代(11月中旬至翌年4月下旬)卵期11.3±1.1 d,若虫期105.7±8.5 d,成虫期60.4±5.3 d。若虫共5龄,以5龄若虫在云南铁杉Tsuga dumosa枝条树皮裂缝下或枯枝落叶层内越冬。雌雄成虫性比8.5∶1,雌雄成虫飞行缓慢,其飞行活动主要受到交尾、产卵、捕食铁杉球蚜补充营养的影响,多在树冠下层活动。该林区的斑翅肩花蝽最适生境选择: 海拔为2 851~2 980 m,云南铁杉密度为13.3~15.5株/100 m、郁闭度为0.61~0.70。以寄主铁杉球蚜及附近常见的冷杉球蚜Aphrastasia pectinatae (Cholodkovsky)、华山松球蚜Pineus armandicola Zhang和落叶松球蚜Adelges laricis Vall为食物进行选择性试验,结果表明,斑翅肩花蝽对这4种球蚜的选择性存在显著差异,最喜好捕食铁杉球蚜,可成为生物防治铁杉球蚜的主要天敌之一。  相似文献   

5.
李立  杨佳妮  杨桦  胡海宏 《昆虫学报》2013,56(1):104-110
斑翅肩花蝽 Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri是铁杉球蚜 Adelges tsugae (Annand) (hemlock woolly adelgid)的重要天敌。为开展斑翅肩花蝽的人工繁殖, 我们自主研制了一种主要成分为蛋白质、 脂肪、 碳水化合物的原料配制布丁人工饲料, 所配制人工饲料产率为74.5%, 含水率为8.6%, 感官评定得分为81.7分。为评价斑翅肩花蝽布丁人工饲料的饲养效果, 在实验室以铁杉球蚜作对照, 用布丁人工饲料饲养斑翅肩花蝽, 测定了斑翅肩花蝽若虫发育历期、 存活率及成虫繁殖力, 并调查了若虫和成虫林间捕食量。结果表明: 用布丁人工饲料饲养的斑翅肩花蝽若虫发育历期(103.2±6.5 d)与对照的若虫发育历期(105.7±8.4 d)不存在显著差异(P>0.05); 用布丁人工饲料饲养的斑翅肩花蝽若虫存活率(73.2%)略低于对照的若虫存活率(77.4%), 而且第1, 2和3代成虫获得率相近; 取食布丁人工饲料的斑翅肩花蝽成虫, 在产卵前期、 产卵期、 产卵量与对照组均无显著差异, 但孵化率、 成虫寿命存在显著差异, 取食布丁人工饲料的卵孵化率为85.8%, 成虫寿命为51.9±4.0 d, 而对照组的卵孵化率仅为71.4%, 成虫寿命仅为37.4±2.6 d。林间释放用布丁人工饲料饲养的斑翅肩花蝽, 若虫和成虫均有效捕食铁杉球蚜。因此, 此种布丁人工饲料可用于大量饲养繁殖斑翅肩花蝽, 满足大面积生物防治铁杉球蚜的需要。  相似文献   

6.
黄喉拟水龟胚胎发育的观察   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在恒温(29±0.5)℃,相对湿度为80%—93%,沙盘含水量5%—10%的孵化条件下,观察研究了黄喉拟水龟胚胎的发育过程。黄喉拟水龟胚胎孵化周期为67d,根据胚胎日龄、大小及形态特征变化将整个胚胎发育过程划分为22期,其中1—7期以卵黄囊血管区、体节数目、心脏形态变化为主要分期依据;8—22期主要以四肢、背甲、腹甲变化为分期依据。同时在胚胎生长发育过程中对头宽、眼径、背甲长和背甲宽等器官生长数据进行了测量统计,发现头宽、眼径、背甲长、背甲宽与日龄呈显著正相关关系。在胚胎发育过程中观察卵壳外观变化,通过对照各期的胚胎发育状况与卵壳外观变化发现,第1期胚胎时,卵壳中部开始出现白色受精斑;第5—7期时,受精斑绕卵短径一周成环状;第20—21期时受精斑在卵长径的增长停止。  相似文献   

7.
通过双须叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon Regan)早期发育特征研究, 旨在为该鱼的科学保护和合理开发提供技术支撑。结果显示: 双须叶须鱼卵径3.7—3.9 mm, 吸水后的卵径可达5.1—5.3 mm。在水温10℃左右的条件下, 经历336.02h孵化出膜。根据胚胎的外部形态特征可将胚胎发育分为准备卵裂阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠阶段、神经胚阶段、器官分化阶段、孵化阶段共7个阶段34个时期。初孵仔鱼全长12.4 mm, 第1天体色素出现, 胸鳍上翘, 鳃盖骨出现, 下颌原基出现; 第2天鳃弓原基出现; 第3天消化道出现, 肝胰脏原基出现; 第4天鳃耙出现, 体表色素细胞带出现; 第5天口凹形成, 鳃丝形成; 第6天胸鳍褶, 背鳍褶, 腹鳍褶出现; 第7天鼻凹出现, 星芒状色素团出现; 第9天鳔前原基出现; 第11天尾鳍鳍条开始出现, 胸鳍开始颤动; 第13天鳔1室出现, 半规管形成; 第17天背鳍分化出来; 第21天腹部鳍褶变大, 舌颌骨清晰可见; 第28天脾脏出现; 第33天出现腹鳍鳍条; 第34天鳞片出现; 第85天稚鱼的形态与成鱼无异。双须叶须鱼是已报道裂腹鱼类卵径最大, 较四大家鱼卵周隙小, 是对高原隆起所导致的高寒自然环境的一种适应。  相似文献   

8.
十四点斑芫菁MglabrisguatuordecimpunctataPall.属鞘翅目、芜育科。成虫期为植食性,但在幼虫期以小翅曲背蝗Pararcypteramicropteramicroptera(F.-W.)蜂卵为食,是蝗虫卵期的重要天敌。作者于1989~1990年在塔城沙孜地区草原对该虫生物学及其对小翅曲背煌卵期的控制作用进行了观察,现将结果整理如下。1形态特征卵:长椭圆形,长2.1~2.4mm,宽0.6~0.9mm,初产时乳白色,孵化前变为黄白色。幼虫:复变态共四龄。第一龄为衣鱼式的三爪蛐,深褐色,触角、足和尾发达。其头部较大,自胸部向腹端部逐渐变狭。第二龄为螃槽式,第三…  相似文献   

9.
沱江宽体华鳅繁殖特性   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对2010年4~11月采集于沱江资中段的573尾宽体华鳅(Sinibotia reevesae)进行了繁殖特性研究。结果表明:宽体华鳅性腺发育分为6期,5月卵巢发育到Ⅳ期,精巢发育到Ⅴ期。繁殖期在5~8月,盛期为6~7月,可通过胸鳍和生殖孔差异辨别性别。繁殖群体雌雄性比为1︰1.15,2~3龄性成熟,性成熟最小年龄两性均为2龄,为补充群体占优势的繁殖群体。雄性(Ⅴ期)最小性成熟个体体长71 mm,体重5.43 g,成熟系数4.76%,雌性(Ⅲ期)最小性成熟个体体长76 mm,体重7.80 g,成熟系数1.46%。成熟卵巢中卵子大小基本一致,卵径分布为单峰型,属于单次产卵类型;繁殖群体体长76~120 mm,体重7.80~41.60 g;卵小,沉性,野生条件下胚胎发育需要流速较快的流水环境。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】为掌握茶翅蝽Halyomorphahalys(St?l)的发生及为害特性,进一步采取有效的防治措施,本文测定了茶翅蝽卵到成虫的发育历期、成虫的寿命及其繁殖能力,并研究了茶翅蝽若虫各龄期的形态特征。【方法】本文在温度(25±1)℃,湿度RH 70%±5%,光照周期16 L∶8 D的实验条件下,采用单头饲养法,测定了茶翅蝽从卵到成虫的生长发育历期、1-5龄若虫的形态特征,并通过新羽化成虫配对饲养测定成虫的寿命及雌虫的繁殖能力。【结果】茶翅蝽卵到成虫的发育历期为(44.98±2.54)d,其中卵的发育历期为(6.90±0.05)d,孵化率为96.06%;若虫总发育历期为(38.08±2.49)d,1-5龄历期分别为(5.41±0.17)、(9.17±0.15)、(6.73±0.16)、(7.46±0.49)和(9.28±0.32)d,若虫总存活率为59.97%;雌、雄成虫寿命分别为(30.80±2.41)d和(36.56±2.82)d;雌成虫产卵前期为11.80 d,持续产卵期为14.08 d,单雌一生平均产卵量为83.80粒。茶翅蝽1龄若虫色彩鲜艳,黄色、褐色或橘红色,体长为(1.93±0.03)mm,宽为(1.43±0.02)mm,足胫节黑色无白斑;2-5龄若虫主体均为黑色,2龄胸部背板黑色、无黄斑,足胫节黑色无白斑,体长为(2.52±0.05)mm,宽为(1.73±0.03)mm;3龄胸部背板黑色且有黄斑、无翅芽,足胫节黑色并带有白斑或白环,体长为(4.29±0.05)mm,宽为(2.93±0.06)mm;4龄翅芽开始显现延伸至后胸后缘,足胫节有白环,体长为(6.46±0.10)mm,宽为(4.46±0.08)mm;5龄翅芽末端近达腹部第2节后缘,足胫节有白环,体长为(9.25±0.19)mm,宽为(6.18±0.16)mm。【结论】在25℃下,茶翅蝽卵到成虫的发育历期为44.98 d,卵到成虫的存活率为57.60%,平均每雌产卵量为83.80粒。翅芽的发育特征及足胫节上是否有白色环纹是辨别若虫各龄期的重要依据。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mesenchymal influence on cultured epithelioid cells originating from an already differentiated intestine. Epithelioid cell cultures of 6-day-old suckling rat intestine were established by sequential trypsinizations of the mucosa. Embryonic intestinal monolayers of quail cells (13 days) were used as control because of their natural cell marker. Six to thirty days after plating, both types of epithelioid cells were associated in heterospecific combination with 5½-day-old chick embryonic small intestinal mesenchyme, after removal of the endoderm by collagenase treatment. In order to test the differentiation capabilities of the associations, they were grafted for 10–12 days into 3-day-old chick embryos. The results show that in such an in vivo culture system, the chimeric associations gave rise to well differentiated intestinal structures indicating that the epithelioid cell cultures derived from late embryonic or neonatal intestine will go through organotypic differentiation when recombined with an appropriate mesenchyme.  相似文献   

12.
Using immunocytochemistry, NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry and electron microscopy, the appearance of nitrergic enteric neurons in different digestive tract regions of the embryonic, neonatal and adult quail was studied in whole mounts and sections. NADPHd was first expressed by embryonic day 4–5 in two distinct locations, namely the mesenchyme of the gizzard primordium and at the caeco-colonic junction. At embryonic day 6, nitrergic neurons had already begun to form a myenteric nerve network in the wall of the proventriculus, gizzard and proximal part of the large intestine and by embryonic day 9, a myenteric network was visualized along the entire digestive tract of the quail. At the level of the stomach, this network was confined to the area covered by the intermediate muscles. By embryonic day 12–13, the NADPHd-positive myenteric neurons in the wall of the distal parts of the blind-ending paired caeca also became organized into ganglia. From this developmental stage on, a submucous nitrergic nerve network, sandwiched between the lamina muscularis mucosae and the luminal side of the outer muscle layer, became prominent in the proventriculus and intestinal walls. In the adult quail, only a minority of the NADPHd-positive neurons stained for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) along the intestine. VIP-immunoreactive (IR) cell bodies were frequent in the myenteric plexus but not in the submucous plexus, whereas there were considerable numbers of NADPHd-positive neurons in both these plexuses. Nitrergic fibres were also observed in the outer muscle layer, but were almost absent from the lamina muscularis mucosa and lamina propria, in contrast to the dense VIP-ergic innervation encircling the bases of the intestinal crypts.  相似文献   

13.
Dissociation and reassociation experiments were carried out to study the inductive ability of mesenchyme of the oesophagus, gizzard and intestine of the chicken embryo, using 3-day-old quail embryonic allantoic endoderm as an effector tissue. The mesenchyme of the oesophagus and gizzard possesses inductive ability until the Ilth day of incubation. Thereafter, it no longer has inductive influence upon the allantoic endoderm. The intestinal mesenchyme was favourable to differentiation of allantoic endoderm into intestinal epithelium even on the I5th day of incubation. In all types of recombination tested, goblet cells differentiated among allantoic endodermal cells.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A panel of monoclonal antibodies to intestinal cell surface components has been used to compare the expression of differentiation-specific antigens in the epithelial cells of fetal, suckling, and adult rat small intestine. Indirect immunofluorescence staining, and immunopurification of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins, followed by single- and two-dimensional slab gel electrophoretic analysis, have demonstrated that fetal intestinal cells (at day 21 of gestation) express most differentiation-specific markers typical of adult absorptive villus cells. A marked heterogeneity in antigen expression was observed among different villus cell populations in suckling rat intestine, and three cell surface components were identified which are exclusively present during this period of intestinal development. Striking changes in the patterns of antigen expression in crypt and villus cells, and variations in the apparent isoelectric points for most luminal membrane components, were associated with the maturation of the intestinal mucosa at weaning. These changes could not be prematurely induced by cortisone injection in newborn rats, suggesting that factors other than glucocorticoids are responsible for the postnatal development of the intestinal epithelium. These results suggest that basic differences in biological properties and regulatory mechanisms exist among intestinal epithelial cells at different stages of pre- and postnatal maturation.  相似文献   

16.
The diversity of the cloacal microbial community in migratory shorebirds, caught at the Tagus estuary, Portugal, was assessed by cultivation (R2A and Nutrient Agar media) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling (DGGE) to provide a better understanding of the birds' potential to harbor and disperse pathogens. Three different bird species belonging to four different populations were studied: common redshank (Tringa totanus), black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) and nominate and Icelandic populations of black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa). DGGE profiling and partial 16S RNA gene sequences of 240 isolates, and 26 DGGE bands resulting in 58 clones, were analyzed. Most isolates were members of the phylum Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and only a small portion belonged to the Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus phyla. Potentially pathogenic strains carried by the birds were found such as Helicobacter and Staphylococcus in all bird species, and Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Legionella and Corynebacterium in black-winged stilts. Unexpectedly, bacteria from the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus were isolated in shorebirds and were present in all the bird species studied.  相似文献   

17.
We have previously studied the immunohistological localization of the three adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM and J1/tenascin in adult mouse small intestine and shown that L1 expression in epithelial crypt cells underlies the adhesion of these cells to one another [63]. To obtain further insight into the functional roles of L1, N-CAM and J1/tenascin in this organ we studied their expression starting at embryonic day 14 during embryonic and early postnatal morphogenesis and during epithelial cell migration in the adult. Expression of L1 was restricted to neural cells until approximately postnatal day 5, when L1 started to be detectable on crypt but not on villus cells, predominantly on the basolateral membrane infoldings. As in brain, L1-specific mRNA was approximately 6 kb in size. L1 from intestine appears to differ from the brain-derived equivalent in possessing a higher level of glycosylation. N-CAM was detectable from embryonic day 14 onward in neural and also in mesenchymal cells. Expression by smooth muscle cells decreased during development. In the villus core, N-CAM was strongly detectable at contact sites between smooth muscle cells forming the cellular scaffold of the villus. From embryonic day 14 onward, N-CAM appeared in both 180- and 140-kDa forms. J1/tenascin was present in both neural and mesenchymal cells from embryonic day 14 onward. Starting at embryonic day 17, J1/tenascin appeared concentrated at the boundary between mesenchyme and epithelium in an increasing gradient from the crypt base to the villus top. From embryonic day 14 onward J1/tenascin consisted of the 190- and 220-kDa components. J1/tenascin from intestine differed from brain-derived J1 in its carbohydrate composition. These observations show that the three adhesion molecules are expressed by distinct cell populations and may serve as cell-type-specific markers in pathologically altered intestinal tissue.  相似文献   

18.
Although neurons containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are abundant in the myenteric plexus of the small intestine of all mammalian species examined to date, NOS-containing neurons are sparse in the submucous plexus, and there does not appear to be an innervation of the mucosa by nerve fibres containing NOS. In this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to examine the presence of neuronal NOS in the mouse intestine during development. At embryonic day 18 and postnatal day 0 (P0), about 50% of the neurons in the submucous plexus of the small intestine showed strong immunoreactivity to NOS, and NOS-immunoreactive nerve fibres were present in the mucosa. By P7, there was a gradation in the intensity of NOS immunostaining exhibited by submucosal neurons, varying from intense to extremely weak. During subsequent development, the proportion of submucous neurons showing NOS immunoreactivity decreased, and immunoreactive nerve fibres were no longer observed in the mucosa. In adult mice, NOS neurons comprised only 3% of neurons in the submucous plexus, which is significantly less than at P0. In contrast to the submucous plexus, the percentage of neurons that showed NOS immunoreactivity in the myenteric plexus did not change significantly during development.  相似文献   

19.
A synthetic analog of prostaglandin E(1), OP-1206 [17S, 20-dimethyl-trans-Delta(2)-prostaglandin E(1)] protects the small intestine from the methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of OP-1206 on the methotrexate-induced small intestinal damage in rats from the biochemical point of view. MTX (15 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to rats once daily for 5 days. OP-1206 (0.5 microg/kg body weight) was orally administered to rats twice a day for 5 days, and on the 6th day biochemical components in the jejunal mucosa of the treated rats were determined. The contents of DNA, RNA, proteins and polyamines (spermine and spermidine) in the jejunal mucosa of rats were markedly decreased by the MTX treatment. The coadministration of OP-1206 with MTX prevented such decreases caused by the MTX treatment. The MTX treatment decreased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA in the jejunal mucosa, while the coadministration of OP-1206 with MTX prevented it. These results indicated that OP-1206 could protect the intestinal mucosa against the biochemical effects of MTX through a trophic action on intestinal villi. Further, it should be noted that polyamines may possibly play an important role of modulation action on intestinal mucosa.  相似文献   

20.
Wnt signaling has been implicated in many developmental processes, but its role in early endoderm development is not well understood. Wnt signaling is active in posterior endoderm as early as E7.5. Genetic and chemical activation show that the Wnt pathway acts directly on endoderm to induce the intestinal master regulator Cdx2, shifting global gene away from anterior endoderm and toward a posterior, intestinal program. In a mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation platform that yields pure populations of definitive endoderm, Wnt signaling induces intestinal gene expression in all cells. We have identified a set of genes specific to the anterior small intestine, posterior small intestine, and large intestine during early development, and show that Wnt, through Cdx2, activates large intestinal gene expression at high doses and small intestinal gene expression at lower doses. These findings shed light on the mechanism of embryonic intestinal induction and provide a method to manipulate intestinal development from embryonic stem cells.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号