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万丽霞;顾朝松;陈佳妮;周峰 《生态学杂志》2025,(3):954-961
雄蛙鸣声传递招揽、警告、攻击、炫耀、求偶、种间识别等信息,对其繁殖起重要作用。2023年5—7月,收集了昆明呈贡区滇蛙(Nidirana pleuraden)的204个清晰鸣声片段和21天昼夜鸣声数据。结果表明:6月滇蛙的日鸣声数量显著高于5月和7月;鸣叫高峰期为19:00—翌日04:00;不同群鸣期广告鸣声的主频和音节时长无显著差异,基频、音节间隔、音节数量、脉冲速率和鸣声时长均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。群鸣高峰期,竞争鸣声的脉冲速率极显著低于低峰期,音节间隔极显著高于低峰期,其余5个参数无差异;遭遇鸣声的鸣声时长更低(P<0.05),其余6个参数无显著差异。滇蛙的繁殖盛期为6月;鸣叫行为具有昼夜节律;滇蛙的广告、竞争和遭遇鸣声特征受群鸣强度的影响,滇蛙在群鸣高峰期调整广告鸣声参数,采取提升鸣声基频、音节数量和鸣声时长并降低音节间隔和脉冲速率的策略提升了性吸引力。通过发出高脉冲速率和短音节间隔的竞争鸣声和鸣声时长更长的遭遇鸣声提升了雄-雄竞争中获胜的概率。 相似文献
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声音是动物信息传递的重要媒介之一,分析鸣声特征有利于理解蛙类的信息传递。受环境选择压力的影响,蛙类鸣叫行为节律具有物种差异性。为研究栖息在咸水-半咸水生境中的海陆蛙(Fejervarya cancrivora)的鸣声特征及鸣叫节律,2017年6—10月,采用录音机和指向性话筒在野外录制了24只海陆蛙的鸣声;通过悬挂录音笔和自动温湿度记录仪分析了鸣叫节律及其与环境温度和相对湿度的关系。结果表明:海陆蛙的鸣声由基本音、基本音的组合音和多音节鸣声组成,且具有调频现象;鸣叫行为开始于每天20:00—21:00,翌日5:00—6:00结束,鸣叫高峰期为2:00—4:00;鸣声数量与环境温度及相对湿度均无显著相关性(P0.05),每天当温度升高时(5:00—6:00),鸣叫行为结束;海陆蛙可能通过改变鸣声类型和调频的策略增加鸣声的复杂性,提高信息传递效率;该物种的鸣叫行为具有一定的日节律性,属于整晚鸣叫型;海陆蛙鸣叫行为开始和结束的时间可能受环境温度的影响,较高的相对湿度有利于声音的传播。 相似文献
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鸟类的鸣唱具有吸引配偶和保卫领域的功能,多为雀形目雄性鸟类发出,在其婚配、繁殖中起重要作用。非雀形目鸟类缺乏内鸣肌,发出的声音较为单调。但杜鹃科(Cuculidae)等少数非雀形目鸟类,利用鸣叫来吸引异性和宣示领域,功能上类似雀形目鸟类的鸣唱。鸟类在繁殖期面临觅食等基本生理活动与求偶行为的时间权衡。而鸣唱是雄性鸟类在繁殖期耗能较多的求偶行为,鸣唱的活跃程度受到外界环境和鸟类自身习性的影响。通过研究鸟类鸣声的日节律,有助于了解鸟类对生活史策略的响应。本研究于2016年和2017年鸟类繁殖季在北京小龙门森林公园(40°00′N,115°26′E)进行。2016年和2017年在大鹰鹃(Hierococcyx sparverioides)活动区利用录音机(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司,型号SM4)分别录制了3 d和43 d的录音。通过Kaleidoscope Pro 4.0.3软件(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司),量化录音并提取反应大鹰鹃鸣声特征的参数,进而自动识别出录音中大鹰鹃的鸣声。在优化识别条件后,对大鹰鹃鸣声识别的正确率可以达到60.26%,探测率可以达到44.71%。发现大鹰鹃有两个鸣叫的高峰,一个在3:00时,另一个在19:00时。与同域分布的其他鸟类相比,大鹰鹃鸣声的高峰时段持续的时间更长,且具有夜间鸣叫的特点。结合大鹰鹃的生活史,我们对其鸣声日节律进行了讨论。 相似文献
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《生态学杂志》2017,(6)
鸣叫是无尾两栖类声音通讯的重要环节之一。许多蛙类的鸣叫行为具有节律性,且受温度和湿度的影响。为研究红蹼树蛙(Rhacophorus rhodopus)的鸣声特征和鸣叫节律,2016年5—6月,采用录音机和指向性话筒,在野外录制了61只雄性红蹼树蛙的鸣声,并通过悬挂录音笔和自动温湿度记录仪研究其鸣叫节律(22 d)。结果发现:红蹼树蛙的鸣声分为单音节和多音节(音节数2~20;平均6.27±2.94)2种类型。与多音节鸣声的主频(2213.32±106.95 Hz)、音节时长(14.83±1.27 ms)和音节间隔(60.66±8.56 ms)相比,单音节鸣声的主频(2289.87±120.14 Hz)、音节时长(16.93±1.68 ms)和音节间隔(610.99±178.48ms)显著升高(P0.05),而2种鸣声的基频(单音节鸣声:212.51±21.63 Hz;多音节鸣声:225.39±26.80 Hz)无显著差异(P0.05)。红蹼树蛙每晚19:00至次日03:00具有鸣叫行为,22:00为高峰期。结果表明:红蹼树蛙主要通过改变鸣声的主频、音节时长、音节间隔以及音节数提高声音通讯效率。红蹼树蛙的鸣叫行为具有昼夜节律,且在一定程度上受温度和湿度的影响。 相似文献
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本文描述了三个地区大杜鹃(Cuculus canorus)雌鸟鸣声的日节律。通过在北京野鸭湖湿地公园(2017年5月7日至7月8日)、辽宁辽河口自然保护区(2018年6月28日至7月29日)和吉林大岗子林场(2018年5月17日至7月10日)分别布设自动录音机10台、10台和8台,连续记录繁殖季大杜鹃的鸣声。共录到2 777次大杜鹃雌鸟的鸣叫。其中,1 431次来自北京野鸭湖湿地公园,1 222次来自辽宁辽河口自然保护区,124次来自吉林大岗子林场。野鸭湖湿地公园和辽河口自然保护区的大杜鹃雌鸟在日出时段出现鸣叫的高峰,而大岗子林场的大杜鹃在日出和日落时段各有一个鸣叫的高峰。通过比较大杜鹃雌鸟鸣声的日节律和大杜鹃产卵时间的日节律,本研究认为在上述地区大杜鹃雌鸟鸣叫的功能更可能是宣示领域和吸引异性,而非恐吓宿主。本研究有助于进一步了解大杜鹃雌鸟鸣声的功能。 相似文献
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笼养朱鹮繁殖期的鸣声特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
于2005年4月采集到笼养朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)4种行为状态的鸣叫声,对其繁殖期求偶鸣叫、交尾鸣叫、假交尾鸣叫和惊叫的鸣声特征进行了分析,探讨了不同行为状态的鸣声差异。求偶鸣叫振幅小,主要频率范围在156±13.2 Hz-1 568±120.3 Hz之间(n=30),声谱谐波丰富,频带呈直线型和拱型。交尾鸣叫由7-21声连续、急促的鸣叫和一声长鸣组成,声音宏亮有力,频域特征表现为主频呈现双峰,主要频率范围在346±16.7 Hz-2 396±138.2 Hz之间(n=14),音节高度重复并多有谐波。假交尾叫声有三种声模式,模式1包含2-10声短促鸣叫声和一声长鸣;模式2仅发出多声短促鸣叫声;模式3仅一声长鸣,频域特征在三种声模式下表现不同,模式1主频呈现双峰,模式2和模式3仅有一个峰值,主要频率范围在328±18.2 Hz-2 067±189.1 Hz之间(n=38),声谱多谐波,频带形状呈下滑状或直线状。遇险惊叫声信号振幅最大,每一声信号中包含多个脉冲组,惊叫声主频较高,主要频率范围在375-2 300 Hz之间,声谱多谐波,低频频带呈直线型,高频频带呈半拱形,声音末尾有明显的降调。 相似文献
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目前,已自青蛙皮肤分泌物中分离获得多种具有较强抗菌活性的多肽.本文利用电刺激法自沼水蛙背腺和耳后腺获得其皮肤分泌物,利用凝胶过滤色谱(Sephadex G-50)和反相高效液相色谱 (reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC)分离纯化,获得一种新型抗菌肽,命名为brevinin- 2GHa1. 抑菌实验显示,该抗菌肽对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌的最小抑制浓度分别为: 7.8、3.9、2.0 μg/mL和250.0 μg/mL. 该抗菌肽在水中为无规卷曲结构,在浓度为10 mmol/L SDS水溶液和不同浓度三氟乙醇水溶液中则呈α-螺旋结构,该抗菌肽结构的研究对阐明其抑菌机制具有重要作用. 相似文献
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Acoustic signalling is the most important form of communication in anuran amphibians. Here we recorded and analysed the calls of 18 male Guenther’s frogs (Hylarana guentheri) from the wild during the breeding season. The advertisement calls of H. guentheri were composed of from a single note to five notes, with three-note calls the most recorded. All individuals produced calls around 600 Hz but calls ranged from 470 to 2600 Hz. Comparing the differences between individuals calls, we found within-male coefficients of variation (CVw) of call intensity, the fundamental frequency, the first formant, the second formant, the third formant and the fourth formant were static (less than 5% variation), whereas those of note duration, call duration, call interval, numbers of pulses and dominant frequency were dynamic (larger than 15% variation). Comparisons of the call characteristics of H. guentheri in this study with other studies from China, Singapore and Vietnam found call characteristics varied greatly between the five different locations. 相似文献
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Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the individual development of the circadian rhythm of human body temperature. Dailyperiodicchanges of body temperature were examined longitudinally in four infants from 3 to 18 months of age. At the 3rd month of life, the day‐night rhythm of the body temperature was obscure but at the 6th month it became moreevident. From the 12th month on, the circadian temperature rhythm with phase similar to that of the adult was discerned. However, the amplitude in circadian rhythm was significantly larger in children between 6 and 18 months of age than in the adult. These findings suggest that the adult type of circadian rhythm of human body temperature is established during the first year of life with regard to phase but not to amplitude. 相似文献
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Anil Pandit 《Biological Rhythm Research》2004,35(3):229-233
Daily rhythms are described in almost every variable that can be measured, including suicide rate. The present study aims to find if circadian rhythm exist in suicidal poisoning and completed suicide due to poisoning in central Nepal. The study included all the attempted suicide cases admitted in Patan Hospital and all the completed suicide cases by poisoning reported to Kathmandu District Police during March 2002 to April 2003. The time was grouped into 24 increments of 1 hour. The data were analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and cosinor analysis. The circadian rhythm of attempted suicide by deliberate self poisoning exhibits a peak at 18:00 h, whereas no circadian rhythm is seen in completed suicides by poisoning although it is bimodal in distribution (6:00-12:00 and 15:00-20:00) with peaks at 7:00 and 18:00 h. 相似文献
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在建立植物生态生理模型(如光合作用、蒸腾作用数理模型)的过程中,气温、太阳辐射、相对湿度等气象要素的日变化及瞬时资料是必不可少的.本文根据常规台站的日常观测资料,建立了气温、太阳辐射、风速、相对湿度等气象要素日变化的数理模型.并应用实测资料对所建模型进行了验证.实践表明:(1)描述气温日变化的正弦一指数模型通常其模拟结果不甚理想,但通过引用最高温度的时间延迟参数及惯性系数,可增加模拟结果的准确性.(2)根据测量的太阳辐射日总量值以及太阳高度的日变化值等,可准确地模拟太阳辐射的日变化;(3)根据实际水汽压的日均值和气温常规资料可准确模拟相对湿度的日变化.如果区域参数已知或被正确估计。上述方法可得到较为理想的气象要素日变化的模拟结果. 相似文献
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Tiaofei Ye Jiena Wu Zhengnan Xu Jinwei Chai Qingye Zeng Baishuang Zeng Yahua Gao Ruiyin Guo Xin Chen Xueqing Xu 《Journal of peptide science》2020,26(8)
The inflammatory response plays important roles in acne vulgaris and pain pathogenesis. In previous study, Esc‐1GN with anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and lipopolysacchride (LPS) binding activity was identified from the skin of the frog Hylarana guentheri. Here, we report its therapeutic potentials for acne vulgaris and inflammatory pain. Esc‐1GN destroyed the cell membrane of Propionibacteria acnes in the membrane permeability assays. In addition, bacterial agglutination test suggested that Esc‐1GN triggered the agglutination of P. acnes, which was affected by LPS and Ca2+. Meanwhile, in vivo anti‐P. acnes and anti‐inflammatory effects of Esc‐1GN were confirmed by reducing the counts of P. acnes in mice ear, relieving P. acnes‐induced mice ear swelling, decreasing mRNA expression and the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and attenuating the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, Esc‐1GN also displayed antinociceptive effect in mice induced by acetic acid and formalin. Therefore, Esc‐1GN is a promising candidate drug for treatment of acne vulgaris and inflammatory pain. 相似文献
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Magorzata Jefimow Micha Wojciechowski Atsuko Masuda Tadashi Oishi 《Journal of thermal biology》2004,29(7-8):641-647
We investigated the correlation between torpor frequency and capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) during 25 weeks of acclimation to cold and short days. We hypothesized that torpor use is conditioned on the development of brown adipose tissue (BAT) capacity for NST. We found that (1) the degree of noradrenaline (NA)-induced hyperthermia was positively correlated with torpor frequency and its length and depth, and (2) the maximum response to NA occurred at the time of day when hamsters naturally arouse from torpor. The present study quantifies the correlation between torpor frequency and NST capacity and we suggest that a well-developed NST capacity is a prerequisite for the occurrence of torpor. 相似文献