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1.
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体的有效繁殖力特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)雄性个体的有效繁殖力特性, 以及有效繁殖力与个体生长发育关系进行了研究。结果表明, 阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体的胴长、体重的生物学最小型分别为207.79 mm和162.55 g; 个体有效繁殖力为(374±280.33)条精荚, 胴长相对有效繁殖力为(179.18±117.66)条/mm; 精荚的平均长度为(21.57±4.17) mm, 是胴长的(10.22±1.82)%。随着性腺发育, 个体有效繁殖力和精荚长度均增长显著(P<0.05), 前者在功能性成熟期达到最大值, 为(811±181.34)条精荚; 后者在繁殖产卵期达到最大值, 为(23.89±3.87) mm。同时, 个体有效繁殖力和精荚长度均与胴长、体重呈显著的线性函数关系(P<0.05)。回归拟合数据集比较分析和多元线性回归分析显示, 个体有效繁殖力与胴长、体重之间的线性关系不存在显著性差异(P>0.05), 但是体重对个体有效繁殖力的影响更为显著(P<0.001); 精荚长度与胴长、体重之间的线性关系存在显著性差异(P<0.001), 并且胴长、体重两者对精荚长度具有一致的影响效应(P<0.001)。以上结果表明, 阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体随着性腺发育持续产生并存储精荚, 精荚长度也随之显著增加, 并且与个体大小密切相关。  相似文献   

2.
文章根据2019年(厄尔尼诺)和2020年(正常)相同月份(2—5月)中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋采集的1896尾鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis),对不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼渔业生物学特性进行了对比研究。结果表明,两年间雌性个体胴长分别为129—347和284—582 mm,优势胴长组分别为171—220和481—530 mm;雄性个体胴长分别为138—273和94—235 mm,优势胴长组均为171—220 mm; 2019年胴长及优势胴长均大于2020年,其中雌性个体差异最大。不同气候年间鸢乌贼体重与胴长的关系存在性别间显著性差异,除2020年雄性样本胴长与体重的关系最适用指数函数表示外,其余胴长与体重的关系均最适用幂函数表示。两年间样本的雌雄性别比分别为1.5﹕1和1.3﹕1,性腺成熟度组成也不相同,雌性个体2019年多处于未成熟阶段(Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期), 2020年则多处于成熟阶段(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期);雄性个体2019年多处于未成熟阶段(Ⅱ期)和成熟阶段(Ⅲ期), 2020年多处于成熟阶段(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期)。不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼个体日龄组成和孵化群体也...  相似文献   

3.
2015年春季在南海开展灯光罩网渔船鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)采样, 样品胴长为10.22—199.01 mm, 体质量为1.3—328.8 g。研究根据鸢乌贼耳石微结构对其日龄、生长和种群结构进行研究, 结果显示:南海存在2个鸢乌贼群体, 中型群体(有发光器, 占59.38%)和微型群体(无发光器, 占40.62%), 无胴长大于500 mm的大型群体; 样品日龄范围为38—126d, 优势日龄组为51—80d, 占其总数的81.33%。分别计算不同海域和群体间5种生长模型的AIC权重值, 发现南海北部海域和南沙附近海域都以指数生长模型最适合描述鸢乌贼的生长关系, 中型群体以指数模型最为适合, 微型群体则以幂函数生长模型最适合; 南海北部海域的鸢乌贼个体生长速率略低于南沙附近海域鸢乌贼个体; 微型群体呈现急剧生长到逐渐缓慢生长的趋势, 中型群体的生长趋势与微型群体正好相反。同类相食现象表明微型群体的生长受到中型群体的影响而被抑制。  相似文献   

4.
西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积特性分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
角质颚是头足类主要的摄食器官,蕴含着大量渔业生态学信息。根据2019年3至5月中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋海域采集的1 009尾鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,分析了色素沉积等级与胴长、体重、性腺成熟度和角质颚形态参数的关系。结果显示,3至5月西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级以2级为主,占总样本的33.87%,色素沉积等级总体上随着月份的增加而增加。鸢乌贼角质颚的色素沉积与胴长、体重和性腺成熟度的关系均存在性别间显著性差异(P < 0.05),总体而言雌性个体的沉积速度快于雄性个体。角质颚色素沉积等级与胴长、体重和角质颚外部形态参数均呈正相关,并且都随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加。本研究开展了西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积研究,确立了鸢乌贼色素沉积等级与胴长、体重、性腺成熟度和角质颚形态参数的关系,并拟合了相关生长方程,为进一步研究鸢乌贼的渔业生态学及合理开发该资源提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,蕴藏着大量的渔业生物学及生态学信息。根据2017年5-8月中国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的860尾鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,研究了鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级变化与胴长、体质量、净重、性腺成熟度和角质颚外部形态参数等因子的关系。结果表明:鸢乌贼的角质颚色素沉积变化存在性别间显著性差异(P<0.05),雌性个体角质颚色素沉积速度快于雄性;色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量和净重均呈正相关,并随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加;雄性个体角质颚下颚除翼长外,其余各部色素沉积的速度均快于上颚各部;雌性个体上颚各部色素沉积速度均快于下颚。本研究为后续利用角质颚研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学和对该资源的有效开发及科学管理提供了基础。  相似文献   

6.
角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,蕴藏着大量的渔业生物学及生态学信息。根据2017年5—8月中国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的860尾鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,研究了鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级变化与胴长、体质量、净重、性腺成熟度和角质颚外部形态参数等因子的关系。结果表明:鸢乌贼的角质颚色素沉积变化存在性别间显著性差异(P0.05),雌性个体角质颚色素沉积速度快于雄性;色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量和净重均呈正相关,并随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加;雄性个体角质颚下颚除翼长外,其余各部色素沉积的速度均快于上颚各部;雌性个体上颚各部色素沉积速度均快于下颚。本研究为后续利用角质颚研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学和对该资源的有效开发及科学管理提供了基础。  相似文献   

7.
冬春季西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚外部形态及生长特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
角质颚是头足类重要的硬组织之一,被广泛用于研究头足类渔业生态学及资源评估等。根据2019年冬春季(2—5月)中国灯光罩网渔船于西北印度洋海域采集的1009条鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚外部形态生长特征开展了研究。主成分分析表明,上头盖长(UHL)、上脊突长(UCL)、上侧壁长(ULWL)、下脊突长(LCL)、下翼长(LWL)和下侧壁长(LLWL)可作为角质颚外形变化特征指标。协方差分析表明,除UCL外所有外形特征参数与胴长(ML)的关系以及所有外形特征参数与体重(BW)的关系在性别间均存在显著性差异。根据方程拟合和赤池信息准则(AIC),雌雄个体的LCL、UCL与胴长的关系均最适合用线性函数拟合;雌性个体的UHL、LWL与胴长的关系最适合用幂函数拟合,而ULWL和LLWL与胴长的关系则最适合用线性函数拟合;雄性个体的ULWL与胴长的关系最适合用幂函数表示,UHL、LLWL和LWL与胴长的关系则最适合用对数函数表示。雌性个体所有特征参数与体重的关系均最适合用幂函数拟合;雄性个体除ULWL与体重的关系最适合用幂函数拟合外,其余均最适合用对数函数拟合。特征参数及其与胴长和体重生长方程的确定,为后续利用角质颚研究印度洋鸢乌贼渔业生态学及资源评估提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
根据2019年冬春季(2—5月)中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋生产调查期间采集的1009尾鸢乌贼样本,分析了其角质颚外部形态变化的影响因素。结果表明: 角质颚外形特征参数在不同性别、不同胴长组和不同性腺成熟度间均存在显著差异。胴长组201~250 mm以及雌性个体性腺成熟度Ⅱ期和雄性个体性腺成熟度Ⅲ期的各特征参数增幅达到峰值。除上翼长与上脊突长比值(UWL/UCL)和下头盖长与下脊突长比值(LHL/LCL)存在性别间显著差异外,其余特征参数与脊突长的比值均无性别间显著差异,各特征参数与脊突长的比值在不同性腺成熟度、不同胴长组间也无显著差异,比值保持稳定,表明角质颚各区域生长保持一致。研究表明,201~250 mm可能是西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚外部形态在胴长上的生长拐点,雌性个体性腺成熟度Ⅱ期和雄性个体性腺成熟度Ⅲ期可能对应角质颚外部形态在性腺成熟度上的生长拐点。  相似文献   

9.
南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群群体结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据2012和2013年在南海中南部采集到的3177尾鸢乌贼中型群样品,对其胴长(ML)、右第一腕长(AL1)、右第二腕长(AL2)、右第三腕长(AL3)、右第四腕长(AL4)、右触腕长(TL)、鳍长(FL)和鳍宽(FW)等形态参数进行测定,并运用主成分分析等方法对其个体的形态差异进行研究.结果表明: 研究海域的鸢乌贼中型群可分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ 2个群体,分别占总数的69%和31%.2个群体的雌性比例均随胴长的增大呈先减少后增加的趋势,直至达到100%;群体Ⅰ雌性和雄性的初次性成熟胴长分别为164和112 mm,群体Ⅱ雌性和雄性初次性成熟胴长分别为157和108 mm.群体Ⅰ在西沙海域和南沙海域均有独立分布区域,而群体Ⅱ密集区主要分布于南沙海域.非参数检验表明:2个群体雌性和雄性个体的全部形态参数均存在显著性差异(P<0.05).在雌性鸢乌贼中,群体Ⅰ和群体Ⅱ的ML、AL1、AL2、AL4、TL和FW存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在雄性鸢乌贼中,群体Ⅰ和群体Ⅱ的ML、AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4和FL存在显著性差异(P<0.01).通过计算差异系数表明,2个群体的形态差异处于种内水平.  相似文献   

10.
南海中西部海域鸢乌贼中型群和微型群的营养生态位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了深入了解南海鸢乌贼不同种群的碳氮稳定同位素特征及营养生态位之间的关系,于2017年8月在南海中西部海域采集其中型群和微型群样品,分析不同胴长组的碳氮稳定同位素值和营养级变化,并比较其营养生态位差异.结果表明: 中型群鸢乌贼的δ13C范围在-19.54‰~-18.10‰,δ15N范围在7.79‰~9.45‰,营养级范围在2.72~3.21,平均营养级为2.90;微型群鸢乌贼的δ13C范围为-19.69‰~-18.43‰,δ15N范围为8.02‰~8.99‰,营养级范围为2.79~3.08,平均营养级为2.91.两个鸢乌贼种群间δ13C差异不显著,δ15N差异显著.胴长显著影响了鸢乌贼的δ13C和δ15N值,且随着胴长的增大,δ15N值有增大的趋势.中型群鸢乌贼的营养生态位宽幅和营养级的多样性程度都大于微型群.  相似文献   

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12.
Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.  相似文献   

13.
The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.  相似文献   

14.
陈彩妹 《生物学杂志》2010,27(3):111-112
在实施素质教育的今天,实物模型是新课程生物学教学中极重要的教学工具。因为它能调动学生学习积极性,引导学生主动参与教学活动,对培养学生的学习兴趣和实践能力提高有重要的意义。  相似文献   

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16.
Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.  相似文献   

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18.
N A Dmitrieva 《Tsitologiia》1986,28(7):745-748
The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.  相似文献   

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20.
The olfactory response in antennae of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, was investigated by measuring electroantennograms (EAGs) in restrained animals. The amplitude of the EAG response to pulses of ethyl acetate, octanol, or fenchone, exhibited a robust, light entrained, circadian rhythm that persisted at least 14 days in constant darkness. Dilution-response curves measured at the peak and trough of the rhythm indicated there was a 10-fold change in sensitivity. The EAG rhythm was abolished by severing the optic tracts, while entrainment was abolished by ablation of the compound eyes. The results indicate that the circadian system modulates olfactory sensitivity in the antennae and that the rhythm is driven by a circadian pacemaker in the optic lobes that is entrained by photoreceptors in the compound eyes.  相似文献   

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