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1.
大鼠恒温能力和产热的胎后发育   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
李庆芬  蔡兵 《动物学报》1992,38(1):87-94
本文通过胎后各龄大鼠急性暴露于不同试验温度时的体温动态变化,显示大鼠体温调节的胎后发育有阶段性。同时表明肝线粒体的呼吸速率、氧化磷酸化及呼吸控制率等功能在胎后也有个发育过程。肝线粒体发育成熟时期,正是机体恒温能力迅速发展的阶段。推测肝线粒体的成熟可能是体温调节发育的细胞机制之一。褐色脂肪细胞色素氧化酶和α-磷酸甘油氧化酶活力的变化,表明褐色脂肪在大鼠新生儿阶段的体温调节中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
本文采用酶学分析方法研究了云斑尖塘鳢在正常摄食状态与饥饿的状态下胃、肠及肝胰脏组织中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。结果显示,在30℃的条件下,正常摄食组样本在酸性条件下的蛋白酶活力表现为:胃后肠肝胰脏前肠,中性和碱性条件下:后肠肝胰脏前肠及胃;饥饿组样本仅有胃表现出较高的酸性蛋白酶活性,其他器官的蛋白酶活性均很低。在正常和饥饿实验组中肝胰脏的淀粉酶活性均高于其他器官,胃肠的淀粉酶活性均较低。正常摄食组中脂肪酶活力后肠肝胰脏;而在饥饿组中仅有肝胰脏检测到脂肪酶活性。结果表明,云斑尖塘鳢适度饥饿组较正常摄食组消化酶活性大幅降低;其高蛋白酶活力及中等脂肪酶活力与其肉食性相一致;此外云斑尖塘鳢也具备少量的淀粉消化能力。  相似文献   

3.
pH值对中国龙虾消化酶活力的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
姜永华  颜素芬 《动物学报》2008,54(2):317-322
采用酶学分析方法研究了pH对中国龙虾胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力的影响。结果表明,在设定的pH范围内,中国龙虾各消化酶的活力均随着pH的升高呈现先升后降的变化趋势。其中,胃、肠、肝胰腺内胃蛋白酶最适pH均为2.2,类胰蛋白酶最适pH分别为8.8-9.2、8.4、8.8,淀粉酶最适pH分别为7.0、7.0、7.4,纤维素酶最适pH分别为4.2、4.2-4.6、5.4,脂肪酶最适pH分别为7.2-7.6、7.2、6.8-7.2。同时测得中国龙虾胃、肠、肝胰腺内的生理pH分别为5.33、6.93、6.60。中国龙虾的消化酶活力存在器官特异性。在最适pH下,胃蛋白酶活力顺序为胃>肠>肝胰腺,类胰蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶的活力顺序均为肝胰腺>肠>胃,淀粉酶的活力顺序为肠>肝胰腺>胃。  相似文献   

4.
消化酶在条石鲷成鱼体内的分布及pH对消化酶活力的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用酶学分析方法研究了消化酶在条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)成鱼体内不同消化器官中的分布和pH对其消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,(1)蛋白酶活力为胃>后肠>中肠>前肠>肝,淀粉酶活力为前肠>中肠>后肠>胃>肝,脂肪酶活力为前肠>中肠>胃>后肠>肝,表明胃是消化蛋白类物质的主要场所,肠道在各种营养物质的消化中起重要作用,而肝中3种酶活力很低,可能在食物的消化中作用较小。(2)条石鲷胃的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适宜pH值分别为3.2和5.6,胃蛋白酶在强酸性条件下活力较高,而胃淀粉酶在弱酸性条件下活力较高;肝的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH是7.6,在中性条件下活性较高;肠的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH为6.6,在弱酸性条件下活力较高。  相似文献   

5.
胚龄13日小鼠肾上腺结构尚未形成,在肾附近可见两群细胞。15日两群细胞融合,呈一新月形小体,外包被膜,内含两类细胞,一类胞体较大,染色较深,另一类胞体较小,染色浅。17日,胞体大染色深的细胞形成团索状,发育成皮质细胞;另一类细胞则迁移至中央,形成髓质。组织化学研究显示,胎龄15日及以后的肾上腺皮质细胞3β-羟甾体脱氢酶(3β-HSDH)、脂类、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LNAse)均为阳性。以上一些酶活性的出现提示15日及其后胚鼠,生后1~60天小鼠的肾上腺皮质都有分泌甾体激素之功能。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨布氏田鼠胎后恒温能力的发育过程,本文测定了1、5、9、17、21、33 和41 日龄幼体的褐色脂肪组织(BAT)和肝脏的重量、线粒体蛋白含量和细胞色素c氧化酶(COX) 的活性。布氏田鼠胎后发育期间BAT 增补明显,主要表现为重量的增加和单位组织重量COX 活性的升高等,属典型的晚成型发育特征。布氏田鼠胎后发育过程中BAT 和肝脏产热特征的变化与幼体的产热特点和恒温能力的发育是相一致的。  相似文献   

7.
目的建立小鼠心脏正常发育的时间表以及对应的形态学特征模式.方法小鼠胚胎ED8.5、ED9.5、ED10.5、ED11.5、ED12.5、ED14.5、ED16.5、ED18.5和P1(postnatal day)(出生后1 d的仔鼠)标本,进行整体或心脏部位不同轴向切片,HE染色,采用PCTV图像分析系统,对各时相小鼠心脏形态发育特征进行研究.结果 ⑴细胞结构发育的时空模式:① ED8.5时,生心板形成;ED9.5时,心肌细胞呈不规则的纺锤形,细胞的大小多样化,细胞核小;ED10.5时,小血管和着色较浅的肌原纤维出现,细胞之间连接较松;ED11.5时,心肌纤维排列较紧,纵断面上呈细长形,横断面上呈不规则多角形;ED12.5时,细胞核着色更清晰,心肌细胞形状逐渐规则,细胞之间紧密连接,同时闰盘结构出现在心室心肌细胞.②ED12.5时心肌小梁结构第一次在心室出现,ED14.5时增厚,而在心房少见心肌小梁.⑵心室结构的形成和心脏发育的成熟:①心肌间充质网络结构在ED10.5的心室中明显呈现,随着它的发育,心室的心内膜在ED11.5出现,心室心外膜可以辨认.②房室隔在ED12.5完全形成,心内膜垫在ED12.5开始发生并快速发育,促进室间隔在ED14.5完全形成.③心包膜在ED16.5可明显辨认,心包膜腔形成,此时近段流出道心内膜垫完全心肌细胞替换.结论肌原纤维细胞和心肌间充质细胞同时在ED10.5出现,提示肌原纤维对心肌细胞的成型和心肌化起作用.细胞的结构变化和心肌层的成熟过程,显示小鼠心脏部位成熟时间的不同,心室成熟相对较晚.  相似文献   

8.
虎斑颈槽蛇小肠发育的组织学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对虎斑颈槽蛇孵化出壳后一月内的幼蛇小肠组织结构做了较为系统的观察,结果显示,在孵化出壳的一个月内,小肠的组织结构呈现明显的变化。主要表现在绒毛的个数、绒毛高度、粘膜上皮细胞高度、粘膜下层厚度和肌层厚度等均随幼体日龄的增加而显著增加。其中,开口前、后(即孵化出壳后十天左右),其小肠组织结构变化最为显著。  相似文献   

9.
探讨防御素的抗细菌作用。用5%的乙酸抽提羊胎小肠细胞中的酸溶性成分,采用凝胶过滤层析获得羊胎小肠防御素,检测其对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、枯草杆菌的抗菌活性。采用Sephadex G25凝胶过滤层析可获得纯化的羊胎小肠防御素。羊胎小肠防御素对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌有较强的抗菌活性,再但对枯草杆菌没有抗菌活性。  相似文献   

10.
研究采用湿法制粒流化床包衣工艺, 分别以明胶、乙基纤维素、玉米醇溶蛋白为壁材制备微胶囊饲料, 比较其对黄姑鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活力的影响. 粒径(178-590) m的3种微胶囊饲料质量均大于50%. 扫描电镜观察微胶囊饲料的表面均有一层较为致密的包衣薄膜. 壁材明胶、乙基纤维素、玉米醇溶蛋白微胶囊饲料的包含率分别为95.4%、95.6%和95.8%; 脂类包埋率分别为72.6%、76.5%和64.3%; 氮保留率分别为53.5%、62.3%和54.6%. 将3种微胶囊饲料分别饲喂15日龄黄姑鱼稚鱼30d. 明胶组和玉米醇溶蛋白组稚鱼的体重、全长均显著高于乙基纤维素组(P0.05), 但成活率差异不显著(P0.05); 明胶组稚鱼的体重、全长和成活率均高于玉米醇溶蛋白组, 但差异均不显著(P0.05). 明胶组稚鱼的胰蛋白酶活力显著高于乙基纤维素组和玉米醇溶蛋白组(P0.05), 但淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶活力的差异均不显著(P0.05). 与乙基纤维素、玉米醇溶蛋白相比, 明胶更适合作为黄姑鱼稚鱼微胶囊饲料壁材.  相似文献   

11.
During second and third weeks after birth in rats, serum thyroid hormone level is elevated. In this study, we investigated the jejunal expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α in developing rats. The TRα-1 mRNA level and TRα-1/TRα-2 mRNA ratio increased two-fold from 5 to 13 days after birth. This high level of TRα-1 mRNA was maintained until 20 days and then decreased to the basal level by the end of weaning period at 27 days; however, the level of TRα-2 mRNA remained unchanged throughout the developmental period. The increase in the TRα-1/TRα-2 mRNA ratio from 5 to 13 days was accompanied by an initial rise in the levels of mRNA for hexose transporters in the jejunum. Administration of T3 during the suckling period (8–13 days) caused a 50% increase in the TRα-1/TRα-2 mRNA ratio, while administration of T3 on days 12–17 and days 16–21, but not on days 22–27, caused a two to four-fold increase in the levels of mRNA for hexose transporters. These results suggest that a transient variation in the TRα-1/TRα-2 expression ratio is closely related to the critical period of thyroid hormone responsiveness for hexose transporters expression in the developing rat jejunum.  相似文献   

12.
    
The herbivorous fish Catostomus santaanae is a federally “threatened” freshwater fish species endemic to southern California and is the centre of legal battles over water use. Because little is known about the nutritional ecology of this species, we investigated the nutritional physiology of C. santaanae to better understand their dietary and energetic needs with the goal of generating data useful in conservation efforts. Individuals of C. santaanae were raised for six weeks on an algal diet in the laboratory. They digested approximately 45%, 55% and 80% of protein, soluble carbohydrate and lipid, respectively, from the algal diet. Their metabolic rate (~0.0024 mg O2 min?1 g?1) suggested they would need to eat more than their body mass per day of an algal diet to thrive. Digestive enzyme activities of the laboratory‐reared and wild‐caught fish showed patterns typical of a “plug‐flow reactor” gut with high intake and rapid gut transit. However, lipase activities remained elevated throughout the gut, and this result, coupled with the lipid digestibility data, and evidence of feeding selectivity on specific diatom taxa in nature, suggests that C. santaanae targets diatoms as it grazes and that diatom lipid may be crucial to their survival. Our data set provides parameters that can be used in conservation modelling efforts towards habitat restoration.  相似文献   

13.
Summary The postnatal development of the submandibular gland was investigated in male mice of the Swiss-Webster strain, which were killed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age, while the older mice had been weaned at 3 weeks of age. The mean weight of the submandibular gland increases from 9.5 mg at 1 week to 232.9 mg at 20 weeks of age, and the rate of increase is rapid between 3 and 10 weeks of age. The gland's contents of DNA, RNA and protein increase in a similar manner.The changes in the constituent cell types of the gland were studied in radioautographs prepared from Epon-embedded sections of mice given 3H-thymidine and stained with toluidine blue. At 1 week of age, the gland consists of acinar cells (36%), intercalated duct cells (26%), juxta-acinar cells (13%), striated duct cells (12%) and others. The cellular composition of the gland changes little before weaning, but the absolute number of all types of cells increases with age. Between 3 and 4 weeks, juxta-acinar cells disappear and granular convoluted tubule cells appear and increase rapidly in number with age. The rapid expansion of the population size of granular convoluted tubule cells after weaning coincides with the second peak of increased proliferative activity of intercalated duct cells, whereas all the other cell types show a progressive decrease in their proliferative activity with age. In spite of the burst in proliferative activity, there is no corresponding increase in the absolute number of intercalated duct cells. The number of striated duct cells peak at 5 weeks of age and then declines. These findings indicate that the mitoses of intercalated duct cells give rise to granular convoluted tubule cells through a stage of striated duct cells. At 20 weeks of age, the gland consists of granular convoluted tubule cells (47%), acinar cells (28%), intercalated duct cells (12%), striated duct cells (1%) and others.Supported by Public Health Service Research Grant AMDE 19753 from the National Institute of Health. The authors are indebted to Mr. I. Borcsanyi for technical assistance  相似文献   

14.
    
《Reproductive biology》2020,20(3):321-332
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor B (EphB) class and ephrin-B ligand have been implicated in boundary formation in various epithelia. We recently found that ephrin-B1 and EphB2/EphB4 exhibit complementary expression in the epithelia along the excurrent duct system in the adult mouse testis. Moreover, the organisation and integrity of the duct system is indispensable for the transport of spermatozoa. Here, we examined ephrin-B1, EphB2 and EphB4 expression in the mouse testis during postnatal development. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the relative expression levels of these molecules decreased with age in early postnatal development, and were similar to those of adults by four weeks of age. Furthermore, immunostaining revealed that the excurrent duct system compartments exhibiting complementary expression of ephrin-B1 and EphB2/EphB4 were formed by two weeks of age. Meanwhile, ephrin-B1 and EphB4 were effective markers for spermatogonia in the neonatal testis due to their negative expression in gonocytes. Alternatively, EphB2 was a suitable marker for assessing completion of the first wave of spermatogenesis in puberty, due to its strong expression in the elongated spermatids of seminiferous tubules. Lastly, ephrin-B1 and EphB4 proved to be markers of both foetal and adult Leydig cells during postnatal development, as they were expressed in CYP17A1-positive cells. This study is the first to investigate the expression of ephrin-B1, EphB2, and EphB4 in normal mouse testes during postnatal development. The expression patterns of ephrin-B and EphBs may represent suitable tools for examining organisation of the excurrent duct system and monitoring reproductive toxicity during postnatal development.  相似文献   

15.
以点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼为研究对象, 分别用人工饲料和浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)进行饲喂, 采用高通量测序技术结合生化分析方法, 系统对比两种饵料对点篮子鱼 (Siganus guttatus) 幼鱼肝脏及消化道相关酶活力和消化道菌群的影响。结果显示, 浒苔组点篮子鱼幼鱼虽然生长性能低于人工饲料组, 但其淀粉酶活性更高, 点篮子鱼对浒苔有良好的摄食和消化能力, 浒苔足以满足点篮子鱼生长的需求; 此外浒苔组点篮子鱼幼鱼消化道碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于人工饲料组, 表现出了更高的免疫和抗氧化能力。在两种饵料条件下, 菌群多样性随消化道延伸呈上升趋势, 点篮子鱼幼鱼消化道菌群组成与饵料有关, 变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为共有优势菌门; 浒苔组消化道菌群整体多样性较饲料组高, 组成结构更加丰富多样, 有利于鱼类的生长。研究结果表明点篮子鱼摄食浒苔具有良好的可行性基础, 生态价值显著, 值得深入研究与推广。  相似文献   

16.
    
Abstract: GDP-fucose:asialofetuin fucosyltransferase activity was studied during the postnatal development of rat brain. The enzymatic activity was very low during the first days of life and reached a maximum level around 21 days. This increase in enzymatic activity was characterized by two periods of rapid change. A rapid increase occurred between 3 and 7 days after birth, followed by a slow increase from 7 to 17 days, then a new rapid change from 17 to 21 days. Stimulation of the enzymatic activity by Triton X-100 increased with age. The developmental profiles of GDP-fucose pyrophosphatase and fucosidase did not change during this period.  相似文献   

17.
18.
    
Summary In order to study the establishment of regional differences in brush border enzymic activities during the development of fetal mouse small intestine we have followed (1) the differentiation of microvilli by morphometry, and (2) the developmental pattern of three brush border enzymes (lactase, glucoamylase and alkaline phosphatase). From day 16 to day 19 of gestation, the height of duodenal microvilli increases 2.4 times on the absorptive cells located near the tip of the villi. During the same period in the upper half of the duodenal villi, the number of microvilli per square m rises by a factor of 2.4 and the microvillous surface area increases by a factor of 5.2. The differentiation of ileal microvilli follows a similar pattern but they are always shorter and less numerous than those of the duodenum. Lactase activity appears at 18 days of gestation; the other two brush border enzymes are first detected at 16 days of gestation. Afterwards all three enzyme activities increase rapidly and a decreasing gradient of activity is established from the proximal to the distal segment of the small intestine. Hence, the structural development of the microvilli and the appearance of brush border enzyme activities occur simultaneously and a proximo-distal gradient is already established at 16 days of gestation.Supported by MRC of Canada research grant MA-6069Mr. D. Malka was supported by a studentship from the F.C.A.C.Dr. D. Ménard is a chercheur boursier du Conseil de la Recherche en Santé du Québec  相似文献   

19.
    
Thermal trauma can damage organs away from the skin burn site and lead to multiple organ dysfunction. Following thermal injury, all tissues are exposed to ischemia, and as a result, resuscitation and reperfusion occur during the burning shock. Burn damage starts systemic inflammatory reactions that produce toxins and reactive oxygen radicals that lead to peroxidation. This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the possible antioxidant effects of Myrtus communis ethanol extract on burn-induced oxidative distant organ injury orally. The thermal trauma was generated under ether anesthesia by exposing the dorsum of rats to 90 °C water bath for 10 s. 100 mg/kg/day Mrytus communis ethanol extract was applied orally for two days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, glutatinone-S-transferase (GST), superoxidedismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined to detect the possible antioxidant effects of myrtle on small intestine and lung tissues. Burn damage significantly increased MDA levels in lung and small intestine tissues, and significantly decreased GSH levels, CAT and GST activities in the small intestine and lung tissues compared to control group. Mrytus communis ethanol extract decreased MDA level and increased GSH level, SOD, CAT and GST activities significantly in either small intestine or lung tissues. Mrytus communis extract may be an ideal candidate to be used as an antioxidant adjunct to improve oxidative distant organ damage to limit the systemic inflammatory response and decreasing the recovery time after thermal injury.  相似文献   

20.
家蚕肠道环境对外源纤维素酶活力稳定性影响的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
纤维素酶对家蚕消化桑叶纤维素起重要生理作用,本试验研究了不同温度、pH对外源纤维素酶活力的影响及纤维素酶的热稳定性与pH稳定性,同时在模拟家蚕肠道环境条件下,研究了纤维素酶活力的稳定性。结果表明:所选的外源纤维素酶在家蚕肠液中的最适催化温度为30℃左右,最适pH为8.0左右;酶在家蚕体温范围内具有较好的稳定性,在pH8.0-10.0范围内酶活力较稳定;模拟家蚕肠道环境条件下酶活力稳定性实验表明,在80min时间内,纤维素酶能够保持较高的活力而发挥生物活性。  相似文献   

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