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1.
徐飞  蔡体久  琚存勇  陈福元 《生态学报》2013,33(18):5935-5942
以黑龙江凤凰山国家级自然保护区为例,于2010年9、10月份,采用问卷调查法和实地考察法相结合的形式,调查该保护区及周边地区野猪危害农田的情况,以及居民对野猪的容忍性和认知度。结合Mann-Whitey U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验方法比较各个因素对保护区及周边居民野猪容忍性的影响差异,用主成分分析法对主要影响因素进行辨析。结果表明:农田收入比例、文化程度、人均农田面积以及野猪毁田面积是影响居民对野猪容忍性的主要因素。被访问的居民中,66.19%的居民希望野猪种群减少或消失;63.38%的居民赞同或者完全赞同保护措施;毁田事件发生后,46.48%的居民赞同或完全赞同捕杀野猪;在村外遇见野猪时,66.20%的居民不赞同或者完全不赞同捕杀野猪;在山野遇见野猪时,65.59%的居民不赞同或者完全不赞同捕杀野猪,说明遇到野猪的地点对居民所持捕杀态度基本没有影响。  相似文献   

2.
自然保护区与当地社区关系的典型模式   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
随着全球自然保护区数量以及保护区内部及周边人口的与日俱增,保护与发展的和谐问题引起了学者们的广泛关注。本文将自然保护区与当地社区看作两个互相作用的系统,从自然保护区对当地社区经济发展、生活质量和文化教育的影响以及当地社区对自然保护区生物多样性的影响两方面剖析了自然保护区与当地社区的关系,并在此基础上提出了自然保护区与当地社区关系的3种典型模式:发展平衡型、发展失衡型和冲突竞争型,其中发展失衡型又分为社区不利型和保护区不利型。然后从就业机会、野生动物对农作物和家畜的破坏及补偿、对资源利用的限制、旅游的开展、社区参与、家畜的饲养和放牧、非木林产品的采集、狩猎、农业活动以及传统保护等10个方面对3种模式加以识别。这种模式的划分以及关键行为特征的识别便于保护区为社区管理工作定位,有助于保护区与社区的和谐发展。  相似文献   

3.
卧龙自然保护区与当地社区关系模式探讨   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
针对目前国内外广泛出现的保护区与当地社区的矛盾冲突,研究以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区(以下简称卧龙保护区)为例,从就业机会、野生动物的破坏及补偿、对资源利用的限制、旅游的开展、社区参与、家畜的饲养和放牧、非木林产品的采集、狩猎、农业活动和传统保护等10个方面,向卧龙保护区内的农户、管理人员、个体经营者和游客等4类人群发放调查问卷,对卧龙保护区与当地社区之间的关系模式(包括发展协调型、社区不利型、保护区不利型和冲突竞争型)及其管理现状和存在的问题进行深入探讨.结果表明,4类人群对卧龙保护区与当地社区关系模式的界定有显著差异(P<0.05),但皆以发展协调型为主导模式.卧龙保护区对当地社区的影响主要是:提高当地知名度、发展旅游业提高收入、限制资源的利用等;当地社区对卧龙保护区的影响主要是:协助保护野生动植物、参加联防工作、放牧破坏生物生境等.影响卧龙保护区与当地社区之间关系的主要因素是:政策、旅游和社区活动.建议建立专职的社区共管部门,聘请当地居民参与生态旅游,并设立野生动物破坏补偿委员会.对卧龙保护区与当地社区关系的评价便于管理人员整体把握各项社区管理措施的管理成效,从关系模式的主要影响因素着手,提高保护区的社区管理水平.  相似文献   

4.
徐建英  桓玉婷  孔明 《生态学报》2016,36(12):3748-3757
野生动物肇事是保护区内部和周边地区的普遍现象,严重影响了保护区生物多样性保护的有效性,是当前保护区管理面临的新问题。以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为例,于2014年7—8月以问卷调查方式获取了170个农地的野生动物肇事信息,建立了野生动物肇事与不同农地特征之间的二元logistic回归模型,并通过赤池信息量准则筛选出3个拟合优良的回归模型。研究结果表明,野生动物肇事与农地特征之间存在密切关系,其中农地种植作物类型、农地与森林、公路的距离、围栏的使用等农地特征意义显著(P值均小于0.01)。进而探讨了上述农地特征对野生动物肇事的影响机制及原因,并据此结果提出了野生动物肇事地的评价和管理、调整作物种植结构、统一规划和管理防护措施、减轻当地居民对农业的依赖等缓解人与野生动物冲突的对策。  相似文献   

5.
周伟  钟祥浩 《生态学杂志》2006,25(7):800-804
自然保护区内的野生动物大量进入承包草场后,因与家畜争食并破坏草场,和牧民的冲突日益严重,需要制定相应的管理方案加以控制。在藏北高原的羌塘自然保护区与承包草场的边界选取了观察区域,通过样线调查和PRA方法,并选用优势-劣势-机遇-风险分析矩阵评估了现有的管理能力、牧民态度、当地知识体系、当地提出的管理方案与提议等。结果表明,在牧场超载、退化严重的状况下,野生动物与家畜争食使得草场使用的控制目标难以实现;放任自流和修建隔离墙等方案均不可取;自然保护区外野生动物保护是一个循序渐变过程,可根据牧民收入水平、对野生动物的容忍度、当地财政收入状况,充分利用当地知识体系,以成本-效益原则为基础,来制定相应的管理措施;积极吸纳牧民参与管理,尽快实践社区共管的自然保护区外野生动物的管理模式。  相似文献   

6.
四川青川县大熊猫栖息地主要伴生哺乳动物调查   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
1999年10月25日~11月15日,在四川省青川县对大熊猫种群数量进行调查的同时,对主要的伴生哺乳动物也进行了调查.在调查样线遇见率最高的是牛羚,其次为野猪、黑熊、竹鼠等,其遇见率分别为60 8%、16 7%、14 1%、10 1%.动物种类及种群数量分布最多的是唐家河自然保护区,牛羚和野猪已在唐家河周边社区对农作物造成较大的危害.全县大熊猫栖息地内,除唐家河保护区保护较好外,其余地方的野生动物保护不容乐观,栖息地质量和动物多样性都在下降.  相似文献   

7.
李红敏  李欣茹  谢美钰  徐建英 《生态学报》2023,(24):10376-10386
野生动物肇事补偿是缓和人与野生动物冲突的常用措施之一,其核心目的是补偿社区居民的经济损失并最终改善社区居民对于肇事动物的态度,实现人与野生动物的和谐共处。以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区为例,研究了目前以及假设补偿后社区居民态度的变化及其影响因素和作用机制。在对态度进行多维特征划分的基础上,使用Wilcoxon秩和检验、二元logistic回归模型等方法探究野生动物肇事补偿对社区居民态度改变的作用以及影响因素。研究发现:野生动物肇事补偿可显著改变社区居民对于肇事动物的态度,且均发生了积极的改变,但对不同维度态度的改变作用不同。其中,喜厌态度的改变最明显,其次是捕杀态度和保护态度,最后是期望态度。肇事补偿对于社区居民的态度及其改变作用受到其社会经济特征的影响,其中是否受到过野生动物破坏、耕作总收入或总收入中耕作收入比重以及受教育程度显著影响社区居民的态度,农地总面积、牲畜数量、玉米地面积会显著影响社区居民情感态度的改变,玉米地损失面积会显著影响社区居民行为态度的改变。论文进一步讨论了各个影响因素的作用机制,并根据研究结果提出了普及肇事补偿制度、完善肇事补偿机制、调整生计策略和种植结构、通过多种...  相似文献   

8.
蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus hemionus)是亚洲内陆荒漠、半荒漠和荒漠草原区域的代表性物种。开展其种群数量调查和适宜生境研究可以为该物种的保护管理提供科学决策依据。本研究于2018和2019年夏季,采用样线法对新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴的地理分布现状和种群数量进行了调查,采用Distance 7.0软件估算了蒙古野驴的种群密度和数量,并通过MaxEnt模型分析筛选环境变量,确定保护区蒙古野驴的适宜生境及其主要影响因子。结果表明: 调查中发现蒙古野驴718群、共4782头,有效分布位点363个。夏季蒙古野驴适宜生境主要位于保护区的中东部,面积为6737.5 km2,占整个保护区的45.4%,估算保护区夏季蒙古野驴的种群密度为(0.5±0.1)头·km-2,保护区内蒙古野驴种群数量为(3246±575)头。MaxEnt模型的预测准确性较高,AUC的平均值为0.890。影响蒙古野驴分布的主要环境因子依次为: 距水源点距离、植被类型、距人类活动区距离、距G216国道的距离、海拔和最干季的降水量。最后,从水源点保护、核心区调整、野生动物通道监测和交通建设4个方面,对蒙古野驴种群的保护管理提出了建议。  相似文献   

9.
人兽冲突是生物多样性保护的重要研究主题,合理的损害补偿有助于野生动物可持续保护及管理。为探究太行山东北部区域野生动物损害及损害补偿,于2019年与2020年7—9月对区域内主要肇事野生动物(野猪Sus scrofa和狗獾Meles leucurus)进行了种群及损害调查;2021年7—8月基于访谈,对区域的损害赔偿及社区的受偿意愿进行了量化计测和分析。结果表明,太行山东北部区域的野猪(密度为(6.283±1.274)只/km2)及狗獾(密度为(4.855±1.610)只/km2)种群较大,对区域内的农业生产带来了较大损害,且肇事频率呈上升趋势;已有的防控手段效果有限,当地社区对野生动物保护支持度较高,但对肇事动物保护的态度相对消极;区域内的野生动物损害补偿已普遍施行,有效补偿了受损农户的部分经济损失,但也存在补偿覆盖不全面、补偿标准模糊及补偿数额偏低等问题。当地农户的受偿意愿((10962.60±1751.55)元/hm2)与其文化程度、损害补偿满意度和野生动物保护态度负相关,与保护政策支持度正相关。根据调研结果,建议加...  相似文献   

10.
周学红  杨锡涛  唐谨成  张伟 《生态学报》2016,36(21):6708-6718
生态文明建设对野生动物资源保护提出了新的要求。在实践中,需要借鉴国内外研究成果和成功案例,并克服目前我国野生动物保护中存在的问题。综述了国内外相关文献,认为:目前世界上的野生动物就地保护方式主要是建立保护区和国家公园,在发挥保护作用同时,也给周边居民带来负面影响,从而制约了野生动物保护与当地社区经济的协调发展。传统的"命令-控制型"保护政策忽略了当地居民的生活需求,不利于形成居民积极的保护态度;居民的保护态度除了受来自野生动物造成的损害的影响,还和周边居民的年龄、受教育程度、经济收入等密切相关;为提高居民保护积极性,经济激励机制有着重要作用。目前,国内外保护工作中一般应用的经济激励措施主要包括直接经济补偿、生态旅游、现代狩猎、生态补偿等。  相似文献   

11.
Conflicts between humans and wildlife, especially wild boar (Sus scrofa), have caused serious problems across the world in recent years. It is necessary to effectively control wild boar agricultural damage that may be influenced by many factors. In this study, we collected data on agricultural damage caused by wild boars from November 2009 to October 2010 using field surveys and social interviews in Taohongling National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province, China. We constructed models using binary logistic regression analysis to predict damage risks and to identify the factors influencing damage risks. About 8.1 % of croplands were damaged by wild boars, and the damage to rice, cotton, and other crops were not distributed based on their respective availability as shown by the result of a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Five factors (Japanese silvergrass, soil conditions, terrain, distances to settlements, and water sources) were explained in a model based on damage area (area-based model) with the prediction accuracy being 72.1 %. In addition to these five factors, one additional factor (i.e. distance to forest edge) was retained in a model based on damage frequency (frequency-based model) with the prediction accuracy being 83.1 %. Caution is needed when we apply these two models to predict boar damage to crops, and it is recommended that both models be used in combination to predict the damage probabilities more accurately.  相似文献   

12.
The Middle Ebro Valley (MEV) is a semiarid area in northeast Iberia where the original riparian ecosystems are almost extinct and were replaced by intensive irrigated agricultural lands. To minimize crop damages and to understand the impact of wild boar on relict riparian ecosystems, a culling program was undertaken from 1994 until 2004. To assess the impact of wild boars, we analyzed stomach contents and surveyed crop damage. In the MEV, wild boars feed mainly on crops, particularly, maize. Other elements of the diet that are of agricultural origin include wheat, barley, and alfalfa, which are the alternatives to maize in the period between harvest and seeding, which is the basis of seasonal changes in diet. Results indicate that wild boar actively selected maize crops and consumed wheat in proportion to its abundance; barley and alfalfa fields were damaged less than expected based on their abundance. In the MEV, the wild boar population is limited by the availability of shelter areas found in the scarce riparian ecosystems, which do not provide important food items for this population. We conclude that in the region of this study, wild boars are not a significant threat to the flora and fauna of riparian ecosystems, although as these habitats are restored and areas are protected, the carrying capacity for wild boars might increase.  相似文献   

13.
国家公园原住民对野生动物肇事的态度直接影响野生动物保护政策有效实施以及人与野生动物共存机制。迄今,学术界鲜有从原住民认知与意愿角度探讨野生动物肇事的成果,基于自然保护地国家公园的相关研究尚未见报道。根据449份有效调查问卷及深度访谈数据,论文采用有序多分类Logistic回归方法,探讨武夷山国家公园原住民对野生动物肇事的认知、意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)多数原住民经历过野生动物肇事,其农作物及牲畜受到严重损害,野猪(Sus scrofa)为研究区域主要的肇事动物。(2)种群数量增加、食物短缺和生存空间受限是野生动物肇事的主要原因。(3)学历、经历及认可政府应对肇事的方式对原住民防范野生动物肇事意愿的影响显著。在此基础上,提出遵循生态规律、保护栖息地、提升认知与意愿、实行社区共管、建立野生动物致害补偿机制以及引入野生动物致害赔偿保险等对策,希望能够深化对野生动物肇事特征及机理的科学认识,为有效缓解人与野生动物冲突、推进国家公园人与野生动物和谐提供政策参考。  相似文献   

14.
Crop raiding can reduce farmers' tolerance towards wildlife. Despite higher human population densities in rural areas, and more rapid conversion of forest to farmland, much less is known about crop raiding in Asia than in Africa. Over 14 months, we identified perceived and actual crop pests, and their patterns of crop raiding from farmland in and around Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra. Farmers named either the wild boar Sus scrofa (80%) or the pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina (20%) as the two most destructive crop pests. From 5125 crop raids by 11 species of mammal, most raids were indeed made by the wild boar (56%) and the pig-tailed macaque (19%). For all species combined, temporal crop raiding peaks were positively correlated with periods of high rainfall. Spatially, most crop raids occurred nearest to the forest edge and the local guarding strategies used were ineffective. However, raids by wild boars were more extensive than raids by pig-tailed macaques, which caused much greater crop damage (73%) than wild boars (26%), contrary to farmers' perceptions. Our research suggests that alternative mitigation strategies need to be trialed over dry and rainy seasons to identify the most effective strategies and that guarding effort should be increased during the rainy seasons and tailored towards specific crop raiding species based on their unique spatial patterns.  相似文献   

15.
Crop-raiding is a major source of conflict between people and wildlife globally, impacting local livelihoods and impeding conservation. Conflict mitigation strategies that target problematic wildlife behaviours such as crop-raiding are notoriously difficult to develop for large-bodied, cognitively complex species. Many crop-raiders are generalist feeders. In more ecologically specialised species crop-type selection is not random and evidence-based management requires a good understanding of species' ecology and crop feeding habits. Comprehensive species-wide studies of crop consumption by endangered wildlife are lacking but are important for managing human-wildlife conflict. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of crop feeding records by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), a ripe-fruit specialist. We assessed quantitatively patterns of crop selection in relation to species-specific feeding behaviour, agricultural exposure, and crop availability. Crop consumption by chimpanzees is widespread in tropical Africa. Chimpanzees were recorded to eat a considerable range of cultivars (51 plant parts from 36 species). Crop part selection reflected a species-typical preference for fruit. Crops widely distributed in chimpanzee range countries were eaten at more sites than sparsely distributed crops. We identified 'high' and 'low' conflict crops according to their attractiveness to chimpanzees, taking account of their importance as cash crops and/or staple foods to people. Most (86%) high conflict crops were fruits, compared to 13% of low conflict crops. Some widely farmed cash or staple crops were seldom or never eaten by chimpanzees. Information about which crops are most frequently consumed and which are ignored has enormous potential for aiding on-the-ground stakeholders (i.e. farmers, wildlife managers, and conservation and agricultural extension practitioners) develop sustainable wildlife management schemes for ecologically specialised and protected species in anthropogenic habitats. However, the economic and subsistence needs of local people, and the crop-raiding behaviour of sympatric wildlife, must be considered when assessing suitability of particular crops for conflict prevention and mitigation.  相似文献   

16.
The ongoing expansion of plantation agriculture has changed the ecological, demographic, and social conditions of Southeast Asia’s forested areas, yet little is known about hunting practices in these novel landscapes. Using information from 73 in-depth interviews with hunters, agricultural workers and wild meat dealers in the Jambi province of Sumatra, Indonesia, we describe contemporary hunting practices, including how hunting methods, wildlife harvest and consumption rates vary between different indigenous and immigrant ethnic groups. Hunting is now primarily a commercial endeavor for harvesting wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat; over 7500 wild boars were sold in Jambi City alone in 2011. The Muslim majority avoids wild boar for religious reasons, but there is substantial local and export demand driven by Chinese and Christian Batak. We conclude that hunting within oil palm plantations may reduce crop damage from wild boar and also yield large amounts of wild meat with relatively little by-catch of threatened animals.  相似文献   

17.
Over the last century, human activity has caused significant changes to the activity patterns of many wildlife species. The wild boar is one species known to change its activity pattern with the intensity of human disturbance. We conducted camera trap surveys in two study sites, Shingo and Himuro, in Tochigi, central Japan. We investigated effects of two types of human disturbance on the activity pattern of a wild boar population: ‘direct’ disturbance related to hunting activity and ‘indirect’ disturbance related to daily human activity. In the hunting season, relative abundance indices (RAI) of wild boars significantly decreased, and the proportion of activity at night increased compared with the nonhunting season. RAI of wild boars at night decreased with increasing distance from the settlement, while RAI of wild boars during the day did not. Relative proportion of activity at night was higher in cameras at 0–200 m from the settlements, while no significant pattern was found in cameras far from settlements. Both direct and indirect effects of human activity had a significant effect on the activity pattern of wild boars. A decrease in human activity may result in the rapid expansion of wild boar populations, and re-evaluation of the human factor is important for more intelligent management of wild boar populations and to solve the human–wildlife conflict.  相似文献   

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