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1.
塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林群落的多元分析与环境解释   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17  
应用无偏对应分析(DCA)及二歧指示种分析(TWINSPAN)对塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林33个植物群落方资料进行了多元分析-排序和数量分类,并应用植物群落的排序值与环境参数的多元回归分析给出各群落类型的定量环境解释,探讨了该区植物群落的基本类型,生态梯度及其与环境因子的定量关系,结果表明,塔里木河流域漠河岸林的群落类型及其分布主要取决于土壤湿度和盐分含量,并可通过环境参数的数字表达式定量的确定。  相似文献   

2.
黄土高原马栏林区植物群落的多元分析与环境解释   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
应用双向指示种分析(TW IN SPAN)及除趋势对应分析(DCA)对黄土高原马栏林区40个植物群落样地资料进行了多元分析——数量分类和排序,并结合群落排序值与环境参数的回归分析给出各群落类型的定量环境解释,探讨了该区植物群落的基本类型、生态梯度及其与环境因子的定量关系.结果表明:在大尺度范围内,决定马栏林区植物群落宏观分布格局的主导因子是坡向和坡位;小尺度范围内,决定该区植物群落类型和分布的主导因子是枯枝落叶层厚度、土壤腐殖质厚度、土壤全磷、速效磷含量及土壤的pH值.  相似文献   

3.
王孝安 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1998,40(11):1047-1052
应用排序(DCA)和回归分析方法对安西砾石戈壁匾漠植物群落及优势种的分布与环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,该区群的盖度(C)和密度(D)均与年降水量(R)的有密切关系,而群落的种类丰富度(N)则与土壤含盐量(S)相关。  相似文献   

4.
邱杨  张金屯 《生态学报》2000,20(2):199-206
首次在DCCA排序的基础上使用排序轴分类法(OAC),将其发展为一个新的典范分类方法,并应用这种方法对山西关帝山八水沟的植物群落进行了数量分类,共划分出5类,效果较好。方差分析与多重比较表明,环境与群落结构因子在不同群落之间存在较为显著的差异,表明DCCA排序轴分类法能较好地反映群落与环境的变异。因为DCCA排序轴分类同时结合了植被因子与环境因子,所以它能较好地表达植物群落的环境梯度和结构梯度,反  相似文献   

5.
 本文根据植物群落主成分分析三维排序与植物群落类型的关系,应用多元线性模型理论建立了江苏省盐城珍禽自然保护区盐土植物群落类型与环境的多元线性模型。研究结果表明该模型较好地描述了该保护区植物群落分布的格式,同时,也有助于更明确地揭示植物群落主成分分析各排序轴所反映的环境梯度。  相似文献   

6.
不同沙化阶段高寒草甸植物群落与表土环境因子的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王新源  马仲武  王小军  陈萍  唐霞  连杰  张琴  程小云  刘健  曲浩 《生态学报》2020,40(19):6850-6862
沙漠化是玛曲高寒草甸最为严重的生态问题之一,明晰区域内不同沙化阶段植物群落与表土环境因子的关系,有助于为玛曲高寒草甸沙漠化的监测与防治提供科学参考。鉴于此,研究应用方差分析与典范对应分析,厘清了潜在、轻度、中度、重度和极重度沙化阶段植物的组成格局与变化规律,并对其与表土环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)伴随沙漠化的发展,表土水分与电导率呈逐步降低的趋势,下降幅度显著(P<0.05);温度呈先降低后增加的变化规律,其中轻度沙化阶段最低,为24.32℃,极重度阶段最高,达30.79℃;(2)伴随沙漠化的发展,植物的盖度、多度依次降低,下降幅度显著(P<0.05);物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数与Pielou指数的变化趋势相近,呈潜在至轻度阶段上升,之后逐步下降的规律;(3)典范对应分析(CCA)表明,表土水分和电导率对群落组成的影响程度达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。潜在与轻度沙化阶段,CCA前两轴的方差解释率分别是71.91%和55.25%,表土环境因子能够较好的描述植物群落特征与多样性水平的变化规律;中度、重度和极重度沙化阶段,CCA前两轴的方差解释率不足40%,表土环境因子难以有效表征植物群落特征,预示放牧等人类活动在这些演替阶段的影响更为突出。  相似文献   

7.
北京东灵山地区农耕干扰和环境梯度对植物多样性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
于北京东灵山地区,选取10条样带、94个样方、15个环境因子,采用主成分分析和相关分析研究了东灵山地区人为干扰(如农耕)及其造成的环境条件变化对植物α多样性的影响.(1)调查结果表明:植物群落可归入4类土地利用类型(农田、撂荒地、灌丛和林地)中;(2)主成分分析和相关分析表明:2个主成分(地形和土壤因子)影响着植物群落结构、物种组成和多样性的变化,尤其是海拔梯度与多数环境因子显著相关,起决定性作用;(3)多样性分析表明:Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数都能较好地反映植物群落α多样性的变化,Simpson指数变化不明显.4种土地利用类型中植物群落α多样性的变化依次为:林地〉农田〉撂荒地〉灌丛,且草本层对植物多样性的贡献最大.  相似文献   

8.
 根据对西藏阿里地区163个植物群落样地资料进行的多元分析——排序、数量分类与环境解释,给出了该地区植被的基本类型、生态梯度及其与环境因子的定量关系。基本分析方法包括3个步骤:1)通过无倾向对应分析(DCA)的两个排序向量揭示了阿里植被的两个主要生态梯度;2)由该梯度的二维散点图及二元指示种分析(TWINSPAN)分别产生非等级制与等级制的植物群落分类系统;3)以多元回归分析将排序值与环境及地理参数相联系而给出各类型的环境指标——定量环境解释。分析表明,阿里植被类型及其分布主要取决于热量与湿度梯度,前者可通过地理参数,后者则通过土壤特征的数学表达式来定量地确定。两梯度包含的类型、种类与生境差异颇大,由低山暖性荒漠直到高山冰缘植被,从隐带性沼泽与盐生草甸到高原地带性荒漠与草原均各得其位,各有其值。表明该数量分析法对于处理高度生态多样性的植物群落生态信息是十分有效的。  相似文献   

9.
天山中段山地植被的生态梯度分析及环境解释   总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28       下载免费PDF全文
 本文通过对天山中段植物群落的DCA排序和TWINSPAN等级制分类及其与3个土壤变量的CCA典范对应分析,定量地研究了该区域植被分布与环境之间的相互关系。结果表明:天山山脉中段植物群落沿着温度和湿度两个梯度方向呈现以天山中段内部湿润植被为中心向北坡干冷荒漠植被和南坡干热砾石荒漠植被两个极点方向发展的分布格局。进一步研究发现,天山山脉中段南北坡植物群落,从大的宏观尺度上看,其类型与分布主要由降水量和温度所决定,而在中小尺度范围上,植物群落的分布与类型却与土壤湿度和土壤养分密切相关。该结果较好地解释了天山山脉中段内部,在地形地貌基本一致的情况下,植物群落类型分异很大的原因。建立了天山山脉中段植物群落梯度环境解释的数学模型和植物群落地理分布的数学模型。  相似文献   

10.
东灵山植物群落生活型谱的比较研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
江洪 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1994,36(11):884-894
应用由丹麦学者Raunkiaer提出的生活型分类系统,研究了北京东灵山植物群落的生活型,并编制了主要植物群落类型的生活型谱。同时,用主成分分析(PCA)作为排序的方法和系统聚类中的离差平方和法与类平均法,对东灵山植物群落的生活型谱进行了排序和分类。并用双重筛选逐步回归的方法分析了环境(气候和土壤)因子与植物群落生活型谱梯度的关系,建立了相应的数学模型。研究结果表明:东灵山地区植物群落生活型谱的特征符合暖温带植物生活型谱的基本特点,地面芽植物占的比例最大。但不同植物群落因所存在的生境有差异,也表现出各自的谱特征。排序的结果与用植物种类成分进行的DCA 排序结果吻合度较好,排序的环境梯度特征也十分明显。研究结果还表明:地下芽和中高位芽对于温度梯度的反应比较灵敏;其次是小高位芽和一年生植物;对于水分梯度的变化,则以地上芽和矮高位芽植物的反应比较强烈和敏感。温带植被生活型谱主要特征的地面芽植物在本地区表现稳定,不随各植物群落和水热梯度发生大的波动,显示出地带性的强大约束力。所建立的海拔梯度和群落类型与生活谱的统计数学模型,对于中高位芽、矮高位芽和地下芽植物的相关较好,估测的精度高,而对其它几种生活型的估测较差  相似文献   

11.
江洪 《植物生态学报》1994,18(3):209-218
 本文应用DCA排序的方法进行了四川西北部和甘肃南部云冷杉林的梯度分析,建立了植物群落梯度环境解释的数学模型和植物群落地理分布的数学模型。研究结果表明:影响川西北甘南云冷杉林植物群落地理分布的生态梯度中最显著并起主导作用的是温度梯度和水分梯度。在水分梯度上,大致有这样的植被序列,由较湿的藓类和杜鹃冷杉及云杉林,中生性的箭竹冷杉林和云杉林,偏旱的高山栎冷杉林和云杉林;处于恢复中期的桦木林的生境也偏旱,但一般不如高山栎林。冷杉林比云杉林更趋于阴湿的生境。 在温度梯度上,呈现出灌木云杉林—桦木林—落阔冷杉林—高山栎云杉林—箭竹云杉林—箭竹红桦林—高山栎冷杉林—藓类红桦林—藓类云杉林—箭竹冷杉林—藓类云冷杉林—藓类冷杉林—小叶章云杉林—杜鹃冷杉林的排序。基本特征是:川西北和甘南的云杉林的温度需求高于冷杉林。川西北云冷杉林与甘南云冷杉林在DCA排序轴上没有明显的区别。虽然川西北地区云冷杉林的海拔分布高于甘南地区,但是其纬度也低于甘南,故在温度条件上基本一致。在水分梯度上,川西北云冷杉林的湿度要稍大于甘南云冷杉林。利用植物地理分布的数学模型和有关的图、表,详细地分析了植物群落的空间分布,进行了环境解释,并找出了主导的环境因子。  相似文献   

12.
河西走廊水生植物多样性格局、群落特征及影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水生植物是湿地生态系统重要组成部分,研究水生植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素对地区水生植物资源保护具有重要意义。通过野外调查并结合气候等环境因素,研究了河西走廊主要水生植物群落类型、数量特征、水生植物多样性分布格局及影响因素,并对中域效应假说进行了验证。研究结果表明:(1)河西走廊地区共有水生植物29科42属84种,群落的聚类分析可将河西走廊水生植物群落划分为15个主要群落类型;(2)河西走廊水生植物群落类型主要受到水温、海拔、经纬度等环境因子影响,群落物种多样性指数与盐度以及溶解性固体总量呈显著性相关;(3)河西走廊水生植物多样性空间格局呈现出"∩"型的单峰格局,中域效应模型能较好地解释该地区水生植物多样性水平的纬度格局及海拔垂直分布格局,对该区域水生植物物种丰富度在纬度和海拔梯度上的变异解释率分别为57.56%、63.5%。分析表明,河西走廊水生植物物种丰富度格局由几何(边界)限制和随机过程及其他未知因素共同控制,且几何(边界)限制和随机过程贡献率较大;同时本研究中未考虑的环境异质性、气候、人为干扰等因素也对河西走廊水生植物多样性空间分布产生重要影响。  相似文献   

13.
Aim The aim of this study was to explore the environmental factors that determine the spatial distribution of oro‐mediterranean and alti‐mediterranean plant communities in Crete. Location The paper provides a quantitative analysis of vegetation–environment relationships for two study areas within the Lefka Ori massif Crete, a proposed Natura 2000 site. Methods Eleven environmental variables were recorded: altitude, slope, aspect, percentage of bare rock, percentage of unvegetated ground, soil depth, pH, organic matter content and percentages of sand, silt and clay content. Classification of the vegetation was based on twinspan , while detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to identify environmental gradients linked to community distribution. Results One hundred and twenty‐five species were recorded from 120 plots located within the two study areas. Forty‐seven of the recorded species are endemic, belonging to 35 families. Hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes were the most frequent, suggesting a typical oro‐mediterranean life form spectrum. The samples were classified into five main community types and one transitional. The main gradients, identified by CCA, were altitude and surface cover type in the North‐west site, while in the Central site the gradients were soil formation‐development and surface cover type. Main conclusions The use of classification in combination with ordination techniques resulted in a good discrimination between plant communities and a greater understanding of controlling environmental factors. The methodology adopted can be employed for improving baseline information on plant community ecology and distribution in Mediterranean mountain zones.  相似文献   

14.
The aims of this study were to explore the environmental factors that determine the distribution of plant communities in temporary rock pools and provide a quantitative analysis of vegetation–environment relationships for five study sites on the island of Gavdos, southwest of Crete, Greece. Data from 99 rock pools were collected and analysed using Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to identify the principal communities and environmental gradients that are linked to community distribution. A total of 46 species belonging to 21 families were recorded within the study area. The dominant families were Labiatae, Gramineae and Compositae while therophytes and chamaephytes were the most frequent life forms. The samples were classified into six community types using TWINSPAN, which were also corroborated by CCA analysis. The principal gradients for vegetation distribution, identified by CCA, were associated with water storage and water retention ability, as expressed by pool perimeter and water depth. Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) were employed to identify responses of four dominant rock pool species to water depth. The resulting species response curves showed niche differentiation in the cases of Callitriche pulchra and Tillaea vaillantii and revealed competition between Zannichellia pedunculata and Chara vulgaris. The use of classification in combination with ordination techniques resulted in a good discrimination between plant communities. Generalised Additive Models are a powerful tool in investigating species response curves to environmental gradients. The methodology adopted can be employed for improving baseline information on plant community ecology and distribution in Mediterranean ephemeral pools. Handling editor: S. M. Thomaz  相似文献   

15.
We investigated and monitored a reed community in the fields.Data on the bio-ecologieal characteristics and β-diversity of reed communities in different environmental gradients (mainly based on water depth) of the Yellow River Delta were collected through multianalysis,extremum analysis and β-diversity index analysis.In accordance with the square sum of deviations (Ward)cluster analysis,10 sampling plots were divided into six types with the dominant plants in different plots varying according to the change in environmental gradients.The dominant plants in these plots varied from aquatic plants to xerophytes and salt tolerant plants as water depth decreased.The average height and diameter of the reeds at breast level were significantly correlated with the average water depth.The fitness curves of average density and coverage with average water depth were nonlinear.When the average water depth was 0.3 m,the average density and coverage of reeds reached the apex value,while the height and diameter of the reeds at breast level increased with the water depth.There were obvious changes to the environmental gradient in the Yellow River Delta.The transitional communities were also found to exist in the Yellow River Delta by β-diversity analysis.Vicarious species appeared with the change in water depth.The occurrence of substitute species is determined by the function of common species between adjacent belts.The different functions of common species led to differences in community structure and function and differences in dominant plants.The result reflects the variations of species present in different habitats and directly reflects environmental heterogeneity.The values of//-diversity indices of adjacent plots were higher than those of nonadjacent plots.There are transition zones between the xerophytes and aquatic plants in the Yellow River Delta.In an aquatic environment,the similarity of reed community is higher than that of xeromorphic plants.The β-diversity index can reflect plant succession trends caused by the change in environmental gradients in the Yellow River Delta.The β-diversity index reveals plant responses to changes in environmental gradient and is helpful in observing changes in patterns of species diversity in relation to environmental gradient change and evolving trends in the future,which in turn plays a prominent role when environmental water requirements of wetland are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract The vegetation patterns in the Central Coast region of New South Wales have been extensively studied with respect to single environmental variables, particularly soil nutrients. However, few data are available on the effects of multiple environmental variables. This study examines the relationships between vegetation and multiple environmental variables in natural vegetation on two underlying rock types, Hawkesbury Sandstone and Narrabeen Group shales and sandstones, in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Sydney. Floristic composition and 17 environmental factors were characterized using duplicate 500 m2 quadrats from 50 sites representing a wide range of vegetation types. The patterns in vegetation and environmental factors were examined through multivariate analyses: indicator species analysis was used to provide an objective classification of plant community types, and the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors within the two soil types were examined through indirect and direct gradient analyses. Eleven plant communities were identified, which showed strong agreement with previous studies. The measured environmental factors showed strong correlations with vegetation patterns: within both soil types, the measured environmental variables explained approximately 32–35% of the variation in vegetation. No single measured environmental variable adequately described the observed gradients in vegetation; rather, vegetation gradients showed strong correlations with complex environmental gradients. These complex environmental gradients included nutrient, moisture, and soil physical and site variables. These results suggest that a simple ‘nutrient’ hypothesis regarding vegetation patterns in the Central Coast region is inadequate to explain variation in vegetation within soil types.  相似文献   

17.
河北小五台山国家级自然保护区森林群落与环境的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
植物与环境之间的关系是一个复杂的演变过程,运用数量生态学方法探讨森林群落的物种组成、种群的生态特征、不同植物群落与环境之间的关系,有助于保护该区森林群落的稳定性和生物多样性。根据148个森林群落样方数据,选用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,对河北小五台山国家级自然保护区森林群落进行分类和排序研究。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN将该区的森林群落分为20个类型;(2)CCA排序结果较好地反映出群落分布格局与环境梯度的关系,各个森林群落类型在前两轴分异明显,在11个环境因子中,海拔、坡位、凋落层厚度、土壤导电率、土壤温度、土壤湿度、土壤厚度和干扰程度这8个环境因子对森林群落的分布起较大的作用,影响森林群落的分布格局,形成不同的植被类型。(3)乔木层优势种的CCA二维排序图所揭示的环境梯度与群落类型的分布有很大的相似性;t值双序图阐明了海拔、凋落层厚度、土壤温度、干扰程度等环境因子对森林群落乔木层优势种有着重要影响。采用TWINSPAN分类与CCA排序的方法,较好地解释了森林群落与环境因子的关系,为小五台山地区森林生态系统的科学管理和保护提供了理论依据,研究结果也为同类地区森林生态系统研究及保护提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

18.
三峡库区消涨带植物群落的数量分析   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
运用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对三峡库区消涨带植物群落进行了数量分类和排序分析。TWINSPAN将122个样方分成19类,可归为4个植被型,分类结果反映了植物群落与环境梯度间的关系,并在DCA分布图上得到较好的验证。DCA分布图的对角线基本反映了水淹时间长短和土壤湿度高低,表明水淹时间和土壤湿度是该区域植物群落组成和空间分布的主要限制性影响因子。对消涨带不同部位植物群落的物种组成和分布规律的分析为筛选耐水淹物种、进行三峡水库消涨带的植被恢复提供了物种参考。  相似文献   

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