专家谈生物多样性科学

专家谈生物多样性科学［编者按］随着国际上对生物多样性研究的深入,１９９５年由６个国际组织—国际科联（ＩＣＳＵ）、国际生物科学联合会（ＩＵＢＳ）、环境科学委员会（ＳＣＯＰＥ）、联合国教科文组织（ＵＮＳＣＯ）、国际地圈—生物圈计划（ＩＧＢＰ）和国际微生物...     

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料PHB的前景

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料ＰＨＢ的前景谢安勇,宋艳茹（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＰＲＯＳＰＥＣＴＯＦＰＲＯＣＵＣＩＮＧＰＨＢ,ＡＢＩＯＤＥＧＲＡＤＡＢＬＥＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＢＩＯＴＢＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ￥ＸｉｅＡｎ－ｙｏｎｇ;Ｓｏ...     

多叶猴耳环──猴耳环属一新种

多叶猴耳环──猴耳环属一新种文和群（广西植物研究所分类研究室,桂林５４１００６）ＰＩＴＨＥＣＥＬＬＯＢＩＵＭＭＵＬＴＩＦＯＬＩＯＬＡＴＵＭ－ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＰＩＴＨＥＣＥＬＬＯＢＩＵＭＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ,ＣＨＩＮＡＷｅｎＨｅｑｕｎ（Ｇｕ...     

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF MEGASPOROGENESIS AND MICROTUBULAR CYTOSKELETON CHANGES IN CYMBIDIUM SINENSE

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＯＦＭＥＧＡＳＰＯＲＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＴＵＢＵＬＡＲＣＹＴＯＳＫＥＬＥＴＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＹＭＢＩＤＩＵＭＳＩＮＥＮＳＥ￥Ｓ．Ｙ．ＺｅｅＸ．Ｌ．Ｙｅ（１ＢｏｔａｎｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,Ｕｎｉ...     

拟南芥：植物分子生物学研究的模式物种

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鱖属鱼类一新亚种（鲤科：雅罗鱼亚科）

鱖属鱼类一新亚种（鲤科：雅罗鱼亚科）罗云林（中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉４３００７２）关键词新亚种,属ＡＮＥＷＳＵＢＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＦＩＳＨＥＳＯＦＰＨＯＸＩＮＵＳ（ＣＹＰＲＩＮＩＤＡＥ：ＬＥＵＣＩＳＣＩＮＡＥ）￥ＬｕｏＹｕｎｌｉｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔ...     

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芸苔族几种植物花托离体培养直接出芽的研究张雪梅,罗鹏（四川大学植物研究所,成都６１００６４）关键词离体培养,花托,出芽,芸苔族ＢＵＤＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＸＣＩＳＥＤＲＥＣＥＰＴＡＣＬＥＳＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＤＩＮＶＩＴＲＯＩＮＢＲＡＳＳＩＣＥＡＥ￥Ｚ...     

福建悬钩子属一新种

福建悬钩子属一新种张永田,陈丽云（福建省亚热带植物研究所,厦门３６１００６）关键词悬钩子属,九仙莓,新种ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＲＵＢＵＳ（ＲＯＳＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＦＵＪＩＡＮ￥ＺｈａｎｇＹｏｎｇｔｉａｎａｎｄＣｈｅｎＬｉｙｕｎ（ＦｕｊｉａｎＩｎ...     

GENUS ANTROPHYUM KAULF.FROM CHINA AND NEIGHBORING REGIONS

ＧＥＮＵＳＡＮＴＲＯＰＨＹＵＭＫＡＵＬＦ．ＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＮＥＩＧＨＢＯＲＩＮＧＲＥＧＩＯＮＳＸ．Ｃ．ＺＨＡＮＧ（Ｔｈｅｈｅｒｂａｒｉｕｍ（ＰＥ）,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｂｅｉ...     

植物标本采集标签计算机印制数据系统

植物标本采集标签计算机印制数据系统陈涛,陈都,吴德邻（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＡＮＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴＯＴＨＥＤＡＴＡＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲ－ＡＩＤＥＤＬＡＢＥＬＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮＣＯＬＬ...     

生物多样性研究的几个国际热点

ＤＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＡＳ是国际上生物多样性研究的主要项目,到１９９５年时,这项目发展到一个新的阶段．研究内容由过去４个方面发展到目前代表ＤＩＶＥＲＳＹＦＡＳ核心的５个主要项目组成部分及４个交叉项目组成部分。系统学作为生物学的一门分支学科,它的重要任务之一就是要研究生命的多样性．为了世界性地提高对系统学研究重要性的认识,加强系统学基础设施和人才资源,国际上制定了２０００年系统学议程项目。此外,本文还介绍了ＩＵＢＳ组织的物种２０００项目。     

Presence and significance of naturally occurring chemical elements of the periodic system in the plant organism and consequences for future investigations on inorganic environmental chemistry in ecosystems

After acceptance of the Element Concentration Cadasters in Ecosystems (ECCE) programme as an international project sponsored by the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) at the 24th General Assembly of IUBS in Amsterdam in Sept 1991, the present status of Biological Trace Element Research (BTER) is presented here from the biological point of view. Especially information on occurrence, essentially, toxicity and uptake form of all 88 naturally occurring chemical elements is presented. In addition an estimated annual production of each element in the year 2000 and examples of their technical application is given. A scientific proposal for further research work on a local, regional and global scale has been discussed.     

对生物多样性研究的几个观点

生物多样性保护与持续利用已为各国政府和大众所重视,现仅就国际和国内关注的生物多样性研究的热点加以介绍。对DIVERSITAS这一生物多样性科学的国际项目进行评价,对生物多样性起源、维持、编目、监测等方面提出补充意见。生物多样性恢复研究是以生态系统动态演替为理论基础的,此方面工作亟待加强。生物多样性信息系统是生物多样性科学的重要组成部分。农田生物多样性研究把生物多样性与农业生产紧密结合。生物安全是当前国际上极为关注的问题。文中对其主要研究内容提出作者的观点。     

关于规范涉及喜马拉雅山的物种中文命名的建议

虽然国际生物科学联合会已经明确了“学名”的法定地位,但在实际工作中仍然离不开中文名的使用。本文通过对以“himalaya”拉丁化命名的6个属、402个物种,以及涉及“喜马拉雅山”的1个属、37个种中文名的分析,发现有3个属和35个物种中文名命名不规范。这些命名中不恰当的简化违反了地名法定原则、史料记载和行业惯例,由此提出修订不规范命名的建议。     

Systems & Synthetic Industrial Biotechnology

Cover illustration This Special Issue on “Systems and Synthetic Approaches to Industrial Biotechnology” compiles the outcomes of the minisymposiumat the 31^st General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS). Implementation of systems biology and synthetic biology approaches in engineering industrial microbes and processes provides a promising and straight-forward approach to linking basic and application-inspired research. The cover represents the various concepts involved in systems and synthetic biotechnology. Image: © kytalpa – Fotolia.com.     

Microbial Diversity 21: biodiversity amongst microorganisms and its relevance

An introduction to, and the Action StatementMicrobial Diversity 21 arising from, the joint IUBS/IUMS workshop on Biodiversity amongst microorganisms and its relevance held in Amsterdam on 7–8 September 1991 are presented. The workshop was held in support of the IUBS/SCOPE/UNESCO initiative on the importance of biodiversity in ecosystem function, namedDiversitas. The current state of knowledge on diverse aspects of the biodiversity of the various microorganism groups was reviewed by leading specialists, and a 14-point Action Plan was produced as a framework for future international initiatives in biodiversity research on microorganisms.     

"国际生物多样性观察年"(IBOY)介绍

“国际生物多样性观察年”（IBOY）是由DIVERSITAS所筹划的旨在对全球生物多样性现状从不同层次进行综合研究的一项计划。该计划的主要目标包括：促进公众对生物多样性现状和未来的了解、促进生物多样性学科的发展和完善以及为政府决策过程提供科学依据。DIVERSITAS试图通过该项计划,了解我们所面临的全球性生物多样性现状、全球生物多样性丧失的程度及其原因、生物多样性的丧失给人类生活所带来的威胁、我们怎样保护和发展生物多样性这一人类共同的财富以及探索评估全球生物多样性现状的手段等方面的问题。本文同时还对实施“国际生物多样性观察年”计划所提出的一些提议进行了简要介绍。     

The urgency of building global capacity for biodiversity science

The biodiversity sciences represent the disciplines of whole-organism biology, including systematics, ecology, population biology, behaviour and the fields of comparative biology. The biodiversity sciences are critically important to society because it is knowledge of whole-organisms that is essential for managing and conserving the world's species. Because of an acceleration in environmental degradation and global biodiversity loss in recent decades, the need for the biodiversity sciences has never been more urgent. Yet, biodiversity science is not well supported relative to other fields of science, and thus the need for knowledge about organisms and their environment is far outstripping biologists' ability to provide it. National and international capacity for biodiversity science must therefore be increased substantially. Each nation should establish a national biodiversity research programme coordinated across all government agencies. An international biodiversity research programme should also be established, perhaps with an organizational structure that parallels the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Biodiversity scientists must assume a leadership role in educating the public and bringing about policy changes that will enhance our understanding of the world's species and their ecosystems.     

Biodiversity amongst microorganisms and its relevance

Concluding remarks from the joint IUBS/IUMS workshop on Biodiversity amongst microorganisms and its relevance held in Amsterdam on 7–8 September 1991. An international microbial ecology programme can be justified in its own right now that appropriate investigative tools have been developed. Microorganisms influence global change, and indicate global health and environmental quality. At the same time, an inventory of the world's microbial species and their properties is required, together with associated culture collections and genomes. Sampling methods need to be standardized, both for species and functions. Extreme environments are a particularly rich source of microbial genomes, and endangered habitats should be sampled as a matter of priority. Cataloguing and conserving the world's microbial biodiversity is justifiable and scientifically important.     

生物多样性国际发展援助作用、现状与中国行动思考: 基于CBD履约视角

生物多样性国际发展援助是在全球范围达成《生物多样性公约》(Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD)目标和联合国可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)的主要途径, 也是中国在全球范围践行习近平生态文明思想、参与国际环境治理、维护中国海外发展利益和构建良好国际形象的重要政策工具。当前中国生物多样性对外援助理论和实践尚处于起步阶段, 研究基于对全球生物多样性官方发展援助(Official Development Assistance, ODA)融资水平分析, 以及全球主要多边和双边生物多样性援助组织政策经验总结, 从援助融资、总体布局、重点实施三个层面提出中国生物多样性对外援助总体规划和行动建议, 以期为即将于2021年在云南举办的COP15大会上, 中国作为东道国提出未来十年全球生物多样性治理国际倡议和国家行动计划提供理论支持。