金线莲挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花叶开唇兰挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。检出182个成分,鉴定出73个化合物,占挥发油总量的92.64%,主要成分为:正十六烷酸(25.22%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(6.47%)、11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(4.42%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(15.35%)和(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(13.64%)。     

发酵无花果香料的挥发性成分分析

利用微生物发酵无花果开发特色香料,并采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱一质谱仪对生物技术制备的无花果香料挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出47种组分,确认了其中的45种成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的百分含量,其主要成分为：9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(27．34％)、十六酸乙酯(23．99％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6．18％)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(5．52％)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(4．72％)、十六酸甲酯(4．67％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(4．48％)、9-十八碳烯酸乙酯(3．80％)、糠醛(2．53％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(1．85％)、十八酸乙酯(1．42％)、9-十八碳烯酸甲酯(1．26％)等。     

蝴蝶果茎挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出36个峰,鉴定出35种化合物,占总油量的98.34%,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。其主要成分为十六烷酸乙酯(13.19%)、正十六烷酸(11.11%)、十八碳烯酸乙酯(6.18%)、正十八烷(4.98%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(4.90%)及十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.21%)。     

卷丝苣苔和勐醒芒毛苣苔脂肪酸成分的研究

用索氏提取法提取,甲酯化处理后采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术首次对卷丝苣苔(Corallodiscus kingianus)和勐醒芒毛苣苔(Aeschynanthus mengxingensis)中脂肪酸成分进行了分析.从卷丝苣苔的脂肪酸成分中鉴定出33个化合物,占检出物总质量分数的95.44%,主要成分为9,12-十八碳二烯酸、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、十六烷酸.从勐醒芒毛苣苔的脂肪酸成分中鉴定出30个化合物,占检出物总质量分数的94.23%,主要成分为14-甲基-十五烷酸、(E)-9-十八碳烯酸、10,13-十八碳二烯酸.二者有15个组分是相同的.     

华西银腊梅挥发油化学成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取华西银腊梅挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行分析,结果共鉴定了其中的39种成分,所鉴定成分含量约占总检出量的87.83%。其化学成分主要为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(9.00%),壬醛(5.83%),二十一烷(5.69%),二十烷(5.08%),辛炔酸(4.50%),2,6,10,15-四甲基十七烷(3.93%),(Z)-6-十八烯酸甲酯(3.65%),3,8-二甲基十一烷(3.52%),1-十六碳炔(3.31%),肉豆蔻酸(2.86%),月桂醛(2.81%),壬酸(2.23%),5,6,7,7α-四氢-4,4,7α三甲基-2(4H)-苯并呋喃酮(2.18%)等。     

蝴蝶果根、果仁挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果的根和果仁中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从根中鉴定出23种化合物,占总油量的100%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(18.74%)、(Z,Z)9,12-十八碳二烯酸(12.81%)、1,2-苯二羧酸双(2-甲基丙基)酯(10.59%)、二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯(7.42%)及二十四烷(6.72%)。从果仁中鉴定出17种化合物,占总油量的100%,主要成分为(E-)-9-十八碳烯酸(23.15%)、正十六烷酸(21.20%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(19.26%)及3-甲基十七烷(6.80%)。     

蝴蝶果花、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果花、叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从花中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的96.90%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(59.89%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(13.82%)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(6.58%)及双(2-乙基)邻苯二甲酸酯(5.59%)。从叶中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的45.26%,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(19.64%)、二丁基羟基甲苯(10.58%)、十六烷酸(3.70%)及苯甲酸(3.46%)。     

稻曲球脂溶性成分及其抗细菌和抗氧化活性

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从稻曲球甲醇提取物的石油醚萃取部分制备出油状物,得率为稻曲球干重的0.36%。用GC-MS鉴定出14个成分,主要成分为10,13-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(37.31%)、14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯(30.09%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(15.63%)、棕榈酸(10.52%)和十八烷酸甲酯(5.54%)。从石油醚萃取部分还分离到3个化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为油酸(1)、正四十烷(2)和麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3-醇(3)。化合物3对黄瓜角斑病菌等4种供试细菌表现出较强的抑制活性,化合物1和2以及油状物表现出一定的抗氧化活性。这是首次对稻曲球中脂溶性成分及其抗细菌和抗氧化活性的报道。     

变异黄芪石油醚浸提物化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用GC-MS联用方法对变异黄芪石油醚浸提物的化学成分进行了分析,共分离出23个峰,经数据库鉴定出14种成分,其中主要为(9Z,12Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸,占79．139％;十六酸占5．302％;叶绿醇占2．126％;β-谷甾醇占2．143％;二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯占1．377％。     

云南干巴菌挥发油化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱－质谱联用技术对云南干巴菌的挥发油化学成分进行了研究,共鉴定出49种组分。其中主要成分为业油酸甲酯、棕榈酸、1,1－二乙氧基乙烷、苯乙醛、十六碳烯酸、十五烷酸、邻苯二甲酸二丁 、苯甲酸、苯乙醇、硬脂酸、二十一烷、肉豆蔻酸、十八碳烯酰胺、苯乙酸等,其中亚油酸甲酯的含量最高,占挥发油成分总量的27.12％,检出成分占挥发油总量的90％。     

播娘蒿种子脂肪油组分的GC-MS分析

播娘蒿[Descurainia sophia（L．）Webb ex Prantl]为十字花科（Cruciferae）播娘蒿属（Descuainia Webb et Berth）1～2年生草本植物,其成熟的种子俗称南葶苈子,为临床常用中药材。葶苈子味辛、苦、大寒,具泻肺降气、祛痰平喘、行水消肿之功效。用于痰涎壅肺、喘咳痰多、胸肋胀满、胸腹水肿、小便不利、肺原性心脏病水肿等症。     

Oxygenation of trans polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenase reveals steric features of the catalytic mechanism

Lipoxygenase, a nonheme iron dioxygenase, catalyzes the oxygenation of 1,4-diene units in polyunsaturated fatty acids, forming conjugated diene hydroperoxides as the primary products. The naturally occurring all-Z geometry for the olefins in the polyunsaturated fatty acid has long been thought to be a substrate requirement for the enzyme. A rigorous test of this hypothesis using the two isomeric (9E,12Z)- and (9Z,12E)-9,12-octadecadienoic acids was carried out. Both isomeric substrates were found to be catalytically oxygenated by soybean lipoxygenase 1 at a significant fraction of the rate of the reaction of the natural substrate, linoleic acid. Product determinations revealed that a thermodynamically unfavorable E to Z isomerization at the 9,10-position occurred when (9E,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid was converted into the 13-hydroperoxide by lipoxygenase 1. Determination of the stereochemistry at the oxygenated position in the products indicated that a comparable isomerization at the 12,13-position did not occur when the 9Z,12E isomer was employed. The distribution of products obtained from oxygenation at the 9-position supported the hypothesis that the enzyme catalyzes the reaction in one of two substrate orientations, conventional and head to tail reversed. The observations can be understood on the basis of the steric demands on intermediates in the proposed mechanism of action as well as by catalysis by the active-site iron atom.     

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺籽油保护肝损伤作用研究

对柴达木盆地唐古特白刺种籽油保护化学性肝损伤作用进行了研究.将小鼠按体重随机分为白刺籽油高、中、低剂量组,另设空白对照组和联苯双酯、藏茵陈阳性对照组.小鼠连续灌胃给药15 d后,用CCl4进行肝损伤,测定小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）;肝脏过氧化脂质（LPO）降解产物丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的含量.结果显示,白刺籽油对血清ALT、AST具有显著的抑制作用,显著拮抗肝脏MDA的升高,显著提高肝脏GSH-Px含量.表明白刺籽油具有明显的保护化学性肝损伤的保健作用.     

Fatty acid constituents of Peganum harmala plant using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy

Fatty acid contents of the Peganum harmala plant as a result of hexane extraction were analyzed using GC–MS. The saturated fatty acid composition of the harmal plant was tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, tridecanoic, hexadecanoic, heptadecanoic and octadecanoic acids, while the saturated fatty acid derivatives were 12-methyl tetradecanoic, 5,9,13-trimethyl tetradecanoic and 2-methyl octadecanoic acids. The most abundant fatty acid was hexadecanoic with concentration 48.13% followed by octadecanoic with concentration 13.80%. There are four unsaturated fatty acids called (E)-9-dodecenoic, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic. The most abundant unsaturated fatty acid was (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic with concentration 14.79% followed by (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic with concentration 10.61%. Also, there are eight non-fatty acid compounds 1-octadecene, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, (E)-15-heptadecenal, oxacyclohexadecan-2 one, 1,2,2,6,8-pentamethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-8-en-10-one, hexadecane-1,2-diol, n-heneicosane and eicosan-3-ol.     

白背叶种仁油的提取及成分分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术(SFE-CO2)提取了采集于湖南省凤凰县、泸溪县、古丈县和吉首市的白背叶种子的种仁油,种仁油甲酯化后,运用气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定其化学成分。结果表明,四个采样点的白背叶种仁油共同含有油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和杜鹃花酸,它们的相对含量依次减少。其中前四种为白背叶种仁油的主要组成成分,它们的总和在种仁油中所占的比例是凤凰98.92%、古丈96.67%、吉首94.84%、泸溪94.58%。     

Biosynthesis of sex pheromone components from linolenic acid in arctiid moths

Sex pheromone components of two species of arctiid moths, Estigmene acrea and Phragmatobia fuliginosa, were shown to be derived from linolenic acid. Female pupae were injected with radiolabeled malonic acid or an 18-, 20-, 21-, or 22-carbon triunsaturated fatty acid, and the pheromone components from emerged adults analyzed for radioactivity. The data support a biosynthetic pathway in which the 21-carbon pheromone component,(Z, Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene, of these moths is produced by chain elongation of linolenic acid to docosatrienoic acid with subsequent reductive decarboxylation. The 18-carbon aldehyde components,(Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienal and (Z, Z, Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal, of E. acrea are produced from linoeic and linolenic acids directly. No detectable amounts of intermediate 20-, 21-, or 22-carbon fatty acid precursors were found in the gland of E. acrea.