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1.
1世界防治麻风病日(1月的最后一个周日)麻风病是一种慢性传染病,在全球的流行历史已有3000年。1954年,国际共同确立每年1月的最后一个周口为“世界防治麻风病日”。截至1994年底,全国已有21个省(区、直辖市)的1854个县(市、区)达到基本消灭麻风病的指标,还有9.3%的县(市、区)没有达到控制麻风病的指标,它们主要分布在滇、黔、川、藏、青海、新疆等的边远山区和少数民族地区。2中国植树节问月12日)森林是陆地生态平衡的维护者,是经济建设的原料,所以,植树造林是一项社会公益事业。我国在1915年规定每年的7月13日为植树节…  相似文献   

2.
活化的淋巴细胞,单核-巨噬细胞,粒细胞和血小板能产生许多与炎症发生有关的细胞因子。这些细胞因子称为炎症细胞因子,它们与慢性肉芽肿病,Job综合征和麻风病关系密切,并可试用这些慢性微生物感染的治疗。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解梅毒住院患者的流行病学、临床和血清学特征。方法对63例患者的临床资料及血清学、脑脊液等进行综合分析。结果87.30%(55例)患者血清TRUST呈低滴度表现(1:1~1:8),14.29%(9例)为早期潜伏梅毒,15.87%(10例)为神经梅毒,52.38%(33例)为晚期潜伏梅毒,17.46%(11例)为无法判断病期的潜伏梅毒。73.02%(46例)传播途径为非婚性接触为主,性别分类中女性(49例)多于男性(14例),低学历(54例)、待业者(18例)及性活跃期人群发病率高。结论潜伏(隐性)梅毒在梅毒分期中占有较大的比例;有必要对血清TRUST滴度持续(≥2年)不转阴患者进行神经梅毒的排查;有必要加强宣传性保护的重要性。  相似文献   

4.
卢佳  肖玲 《生理通讯》2008,27(3):77-78
为响应科技部、中央宣传部、中国科协举办2008年科技活动周的要求,中国生理学会参照以往的活动模式,联合了中国营养学会、中国麻风病防治协会和中国实验动物学会,于2008年5月24-25日在中国科技馆A馆一层举办了为期两天的科普宣传活动。  相似文献   

5.
卢佳  肖玲 《生理通讯》2007,26(3):71-71
为响应科技部、中共中央宣传部和中国科协关于2007年科普宣传周的活动要求,中国生理学会联合中国营养学会、中国药学会、中国麻风病防治协会,并在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院的大力协助下,于2007年5月20—21日在北京友谊医院北门广场举办了为期两天的科普宣传活动。  相似文献   

6.
《蛇志》2019,(4)
目的分析非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清学试验假阳性发生率及原因。方法收集2018年1~12月我院门诊及住院患者3000例的送检血清标本进行梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)和梅毒螺旋颗粒凝集试验(TPPA),并对试验结果进行分析。结果 3000例的血清标本中,TRUST假阳性率为0.53%(16/3000)。2018年上半年(1~6月份)TRUST试验假阳性率为0.62%(9/1452),2018年下半年(7~12月)TRUST试验假阳性率为0.45%(7/1548),上半年假阳性率略高于下半年,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TRUST试验假阳性16例的血清标本中,系统性红斑狼疮2例,麻风病患者3例,皮肌炎2例,湿疹1例,孕妇1例,老年人1例,不明原因6例。结论 TRUST试验的假阳性时有发生,临床应高度重视;建议TRUST阳性者以TPPA等梅毒螺旋体抗原血清学试验进行确认。  相似文献   

7.
在抗生素诞生以前的历史时期,密螺旋体属疾病蔓延于新旧大陆,是继免疫缺陷综合症之前人类无法治愈的性传染疾病。密螺旋体类疾病可分为:性病梅毒、地方性梅毒、雅司病、品他病4种。除品他外的3种疾病均会使骨骼发生特异性感染,最终造成骨骼形态上的特殊改变,其中以梅毒所造成的影响最为显著。考虑到目前国内尚未有学者对性病梅毒所引起的骨变异进行研究,本文通过梳理国外关于梅毒的古病理学研究成果,对性病梅毒的鉴定标准及起源等问题进行阐述。  相似文献   

8.
由主要致病性螺旋体引起的人类疾病,如钩端螺旋体病(Leptospirosis)(以下简称钩体病)、莱姆病(Lyme disease)和梅毒(Syphilis)等发病率居高不下,对公共卫生造成了威胁和隐患。这些病原性螺旋体的致病机制许多尚未完全阐明,甚至有些不十分清楚。目前螺旋体疫苗免疫保护效果仍不十分理想。为了预防和减轻螺旋体病的发生,亟需对主要致病性螺旋体疫苗的相关研究进行加强和给予足够的重视。致病性螺旋体相关疫苗大多经历了全菌体疫苗、减毒活疫苗和基因工程疫苗等阶段。现就钩体病、莱姆病和梅毒的疫苗类型及免疫保护效果的研究现状作一概述。  相似文献   

9.
摘要:目的 探讨脑脊液梅毒螺旋体抗体酶联免疫法(TP-ELISA)、梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)和性病研究实验室试验(venereal disease research laboratory,VDRL)对于神经梅毒的诊断价值。方法 对我院2011年7月至2014年7月三年内123例疑似神经梅毒患者的临床资料及脑脊液等进行综合分析并对三种方法检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性进行比较。结果 共诊断25例神经梅毒患者,其中1例抗-HIV阳性,24例抗-HIV阴性;有症状神经梅毒患者8例,无症状神经梅毒患者17例;有症状神经梅毒患者平均白细胞计数>5×106/L,异常率为62.50%;无症状神经梅毒患者平均白细胞计数<5×106/L,异常率为58.82%。有症状神经梅毒患者平均脑脊液蛋白>0.5 g/L,异常率为75.00%;无症状神经梅毒患者平均脑脊液蛋白<0.5 g/L,异常率为64.71%。TP-ELISA检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性分别为100% 和43.88%,TRUST检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性分别为96.94%和100%,VDRL检测神经梅毒的敏感性与特异性分别为100%和100%。结论 脑脊液TP-ELISA不可作为神经梅毒的确诊病例标准,脑脊液TRUST可以代替 VDRL用于神经梅毒的诊断,亦可作为其疗效的参考指标。  相似文献   

10.
神经梅毒5例临床分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨梅毒感染后致神经系统损害的临床特征,加强对神经梅毒的认识。方法:回顾性分析5例神经梅毒患者的临床特点、血清学变化、影像学资料。结果:5例梅毒血清学检查、脑脊液梅毒检查均阳性,5例头核磁检查存在特异性改变(4例冠状住可见海马异常信号),临床特征缺乏特异性。结论:神经梅毒好发于中年男性,梅毒全身症状可不明显,其临床表现多样,容易误诊和漏诊,临床应重视对患者临床特征识别,尤其对患者脑脊液及影像学检查结果识别,对神经梅毒患者的诊治有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

11.
张振标 《人类学学报》1993,12(4):319-326
本文记述了作者从河南淅川下王岗新石器时代,湖北长阳深潭湾青铜时代,山西朔州汉代及大同市郊北魏时代等遗址收集的骨折骨骼标本的特征。同时还收集一些已发表的有关古人类骨骼骨折的资料用于对比,为了解我国古代居民的骨折特征和类型,探索古代人类的行为,环境适应性及疾病历史提供重要依据。  相似文献   

12.
This report describes a putative case of a treponemal infection observed on a skeleton of a young male adult from the Apple Down Anglo‐Saxon cemetery dating to the sixth century AD, accompanied by grave goods indicative of a high status burial. The skeleton is well preserved and almost complete. The pathological evidence includes an extensive area of lytic destruction to the frontal bone of the skull, widespread profuse bilateral symmetrical periosteal reaction affecting scapulae, clavicles, arms, legs, hands, feet and ribs. There is also evidence of gummatous destruction on some of the long bones. Application of a differential diagnosis of all probable diseases exhibiting the individual symptoms leads to a clear conclusion that the person was infected with a treponemal pathogen. The skeleton shows none of the stigmata associated with the congenital form of treponemal disease. We propose that the evidence suggests a possible case of venereal syphilis rather than one of the endemic forms of treponemal disease. This diagnosis is based on the geographical pathogen range, the apparent low prevalence of the disease, significant social upheaval at the time, the high social status and early age of death of the individual. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

13.
Palatal distraction in a canine cleft palate model   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the canine hard palate can be lengthened by distraction osteogenesis in a cleft palate model using a mostly submucosal distractor. Five mongrel dogs were used. After raising mucoperiosteal flaps, a midline strip of bone was removed from the hard palate of each dog to simulate the bony defect seen in a cleft palate. A transverse osteotomy was then made to separate the posterior segment of the hard palate from the anterior segment. Posterior osteotomies were also made laterally parallel to the teeth so that the 2 posterior segments (one on either side of the bony cleft) were mobile. An intraoral distractor that was mostly submucosal was attached to the anterior hard palate and both segments of the mobilized posterior hard palate. Radiopaque bone markers were placed, and x-rays were obtained. After a 10-day latency period, the distractor was expanded 0.675 mm per day until it had been lengthened 10.125 mm. Distractors were left in place for an additional 8 weeks. After distractor removal, animals were observed for an additional 8 weeks before euthanization. Follow-up x-rays and histologic examinations were performed. New bone formation was found at the site of distraction in all dogs at the time of death. This new bone was seen on the follow-up x-rays and on histologic examination of the hard palates using both hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome stain. Distraction osteogenesis using a mostly submucosal device is an effective technique for lengthening the hard palate in a canine cleft palate model. The technique may eventually provide an alternative treatment for velopharyngeal incompetence in humans that is more precise and involves less morbidity than existing treatments.  相似文献   

14.
Published reports of palaeopathological analyses of skeletal collections from Central Asia are, to date, scarce. During the macroscopic examination of skeletal remains dating to the early first millennium AD from the Ustyurt Plateau, Uzbekistan, diagnostic features suggestive of leprosy were found on one individual from Devkesken 6. This adult female exhibited rhinomaxillary changes indicative of leprosy: resorption of the anterior nasal spine, rounding and widening of the nasal aperture, erosion of the alveolar margin, loss of a maxillary incisor, and inflammatory changes in the hard palate. While it is unclear whether the bones of the hands and the feet from this individual were absent as a result of collection strategy or poor preservation, lesions affecting the tibia and fibula were recorded, and the ways in which they may be related to a diagnosis of leprosy are discussed. This is the first skeletal evidence of leprosy from Central Asia and raises questions not only about the spread of the disease in the past, but also about the living conditions of what traditionally were thought of as nomadic peoples.  相似文献   

15.
The present paper considers the significance of interosseous flexions of the palatal complex in the process of orthocephalization of the rat skull between 7 and 60 d after birth. The study is based on a sample of 25 female rats who have been X-rayed at 7, 14, 30, and 60 d with subsequent analysis of the photographs obtained. During this period the constituents of the bony palate, i.e. the palatine bone, the palatal process of maxilla and the palatal part of premaxilla grow steadily but with decreasing rate of increase with age. The premaxilla grows the most, while the palatal bone grows the least. The angle between the cranial base and the palatal plane decreases, i.e. the rat skull becomes more orthocranial with age. At the same time, the palate becomes more orthopalatal, primarily by an increase in the angle between the palatine bone and maxilla. As the angle between the cranial base and the palatine bone after 14 d increases, i.e. rotates in the opposite direction of the palatal plane, it may be concluded that the process of orthocephalization in this period is caused by the deflexion of the angle between the palatine bone and maxilla, while it before 14 d is caused by a combination of an interosseous deflexion in the palate and an upwards rotation of the palatine bone relative to the cranial base.  相似文献   

16.
女性缠足是山西洪洞西冯堡墓地埋葬人群中一处值得关注的文化现象,相关人骨遗存为研究山西地区明清时期的缠足习俗提供了珍贵的考古资料。本文主要对山西洪洞西冯堡清代墓地出土的93例女性人骨标本中与缠足行为关系较为密切的骨骼损伤和关节疾病现象进行统计与分析,以窥探缠足与未缠足女性的健康状况。统计结果显示: 1)在膝关节和足部骨关节上,缠足女性有更高的骨性关节炎发生率;2)在肘关节和左侧腕关节的患病程度上,缠足女性与未缠足女性群体基本相当;在右侧和双侧腕关节以及手部关节的患病等级上,缠足女性略大于未缠足女性;3)西冯堡墓地各椎段椎体周缘骨赘患病率上,缠足女性均高于未缠足女性,颈椎和腰椎是所有女性患病最严重的部位;4)两个群体的骨骼损伤和骨性关节炎的患病率和患病程度均未表现出显著差异,这可能是与下层平民家庭对女性经济价值追求的背景下缠足与未缠足女性均需承担体力劳动有关。  相似文献   

17.
山西天镇的蹄兔化石被定为Postschizotheriumintermedium。这是该属目前所知最好的一批材料,使我们对该属头骨、下颌和牙齿的特征有了更多、更确切的了解。该属头骨吻部拉长变宽,门齿间有长的齿隙;头骨和下颌骨具多个凹陷;上臼齿单面高冠,白垩质发育。这些特征足以把它和所有其他相近的属区别开来。后裂爪兽属似有明显的雌、雄性差异,主要表现在个体大小和门齿的形态及粗壮程度上。天镇产后裂爪兽化石地层的地质时代,根据蹄兔化石的进化水平和整个动物群性质判断,比泥河湾典型层位要早,可能应在1。8Ma~2.6Ma之间。  相似文献   

18.
Ewing's sarcoma classically presents as a hot spot on bone scan as a result of increased vascularity of the tumor and new bone formation.PurposeWe report and analyze an uncommon pattern of a “cold” lesion in Ewing's sarcoma on bone scan and its physiopathologic significance.Case reportA 15-year-old boy complaining of thigh pain. CT scan evocated Ewing's sarcoma or osteitis. MRI evocated chronic osteitis. Scintigraphy showed a fairly intense and heterogeneous uptake on the femoral lesion and no abnormal uptake elsewhere. Biopsy showed none pathologic pattern. Three months later, a second biopsy concluded to Ewing's sarcoma. Bone scan showed a larger lesion with peripheral intense uptake centered by enlarged “cold” area in the left femoral diaphysis and no evident bone metastasis. The patient underwent chemotherapy and surgery. Three months later, bone scan showed extensive skeletal metastasis.ConclusionEwing's sarcoma appears usually as an intense lesion on bone scan. Nevertheless, decreased radiopharmaceutical uptake or “cold” lesion may be seen in aggressive Ewing's sarcoma with lytic tumor, growth of which is very rapid and bony reaction is minimal.  相似文献   

19.
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00512.x Leishmaniasis with oral mucosa involvement Introduction: The term leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases caused by different protozoan species of the genus Leishmania. There are three main clinical forms of leishmaniasis: visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous. Exclusive involvement of the mucosa is very rare. Objectives: To present a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in an elderly patient, discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic process and treatment emphasizing the distinctions from other granulomatous lesions. Case report: A 71‐year‐old male presenting with a symptomatic lesion on the hard and soft palate, which had developed over a period of 6 months was evaluated. The oral exam revealed a lesion with multiple ulcerated nodules on the hard and soft palate extending to the oropharynx. The diagnostic hypothesis was chronic infectious disease (paracoccidioidomycose, tuberculosis and leishmaniasis) or squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. A chest x‐ray revealed a normal pulmonary pattern. The Montenegro skin test was positive. The definitive diagnosis was leishmaniasis with exclusive oral manifestation and the patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin. Conclusions: Localized oral mucosa leishmaniasis is an uncommon event in an immunocompetent patient. Dentists play an important role in the diagnosis of oral leishmaniasis, which has systemic repercussions.  相似文献   

20.
Syphilis is a chronic infection that is categorized by a three-stage progression. The tertiary stage may affect bones and produce distinctive skull lesions called caries sicca. This paper aims to present an unusual case of syphilis associated with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, which was recorded as the cause of death in a 28-year-old female in 1899. The appearance and distribution of the lesions were compatible with acquired syphilis, as observed in the skull from the Medical Schools Collection of the University of Coimbra. However, the cause of death was recorded as "hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver", this is a condition that is compatible with several liver disorders, including a primary liver disorder, such as cirrhosis provoked by alcoholism, infection of the liver by syphilis pathogens or by damage to the liver from the use of mercury compounds, which was the common treatment for syphilis at the time. This paper represents a contribution to the understanding of the natural evolution of syphilis.  相似文献   

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