菌根化马尾松对干旱胁迫的响应及其内源多胺的变化

以分别接种4种外生菌根真菌及其混合菌的5种菌根化马尾松植株为材料,在室内进行自然模拟干旱胁迫处理,考察了各处理植株的萎蔫率、萎蔫度及其针叶中的腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量的变化,探讨多胺在外生菌根提高马尾松抗旱能力过程中的作用.结果显示:接种外生菌根真菌能够显著提高植株定植土壤的保水能力,显著降低植株的萎蔫率和萎蔫度;在干旱胁迫过程中,菌根化植株的Spm含量、多胺总量均高于对照植株且含量相对稳定,而菌根化植株和对照植株的Spd含量均无明显变化, 对照植株和紫金蜡蘑菌根化植株的Put含量相对较高且变化幅度较大.研究发现,外生菌根能提高马尾松植株内源Spm含量和Put的降解能力,调节各种内源多胺的分配比例,最终显著提高马尾松植株的抗旱能力.     

不同外源氮对丛枝菌根真菌Rhizophagus irregularis侵染棉花植株和氮磷转运的影响

探究供应外源氮对接种AM真菌的棉花植株的侵染率和氮磷转运的影响。本文以棉花为研究对象,接种丛枝菌根真菌(Rhizophagus irregularis),向根外菌丝额外供应不同外源氮,测AM真菌的侵染率、棉花植株株高、地上部和地下部鲜重、叶绿素含量、菌根精氨酸含量、地上部的氮磷含量。试验结果显示:不同外源氮条件下,AM真菌对棉花植株的生物量无显著性影响;外源氮的供应均提高了AM真菌的侵染率和棉花植株地上部的氮含量,但硫酸铵和硝酸钾更能促进AM真菌侵染宿主植物,提高宿主植物菌根精氨酸水平和地上部氮含量;除了尿素,其他氮源处理均能明显提高棉花植株地上部磷含量,其中,精氨酸最为显著。说明在AM共生系统中外源氮的供应对宿主植物生长无显著作用,但促进AM真菌侵染宿主植物,并能提高宿主植物氮磷含量。     

锌,镉在水稻植株吸收积累中的相互作用（简报）

水培水稻植株中Zn含量随培养液中Zn浓度加大而增加,在Zn,Cd共同存在时,植株中的Zn减少而Cd含量明显增加;缺Zn时Cd的吸收增加,但缺Zn加施Cd则植株中的Zn含量提高;水稻根对Zn和Cd吸收比茎叶强;高浓度Zn和高浓度Cd对水稻都有严重毒害。     

营养液温度和溶解氧浓度对黄瓜植株氮化合物含量的影响

常液温(25℃)下,当将营养液的溶解氧浓度(DO)降到1～2 mg/L时,黄瓜植株体内氮素代谢增强,根组织内各种氮素化合物含量有提高的趋势,叶和根内各种氨基酸含量显著提高,植株生长良好,对生长介质中的低氧逆境表现出较高的耐性;但高液温(33℃)下低溶解氧浓度(1 mg/L)处理,除植株可溶性氮和根组织内硝态氮含量不受影响外,叶和根中的其他各种氮素化合物含量均明显降低,而根组织内氨基酸含量则明显提高,植株生长不良,表明高液温下黄瓜植株耐低氧性明显降低.     

稻鸭共作下水稻植株的壮秆效应及生理特性

通过田间小区对比试验,分析了稻鸭共作下水稻植株的壮秆效应及其相关生理特性.结果表明：由于鸭子在稻田的活动使水稻植株形态发生了明显变化,植株碳水化合物含量、植株碳氮比、茎秆干物质输出率都明显增加,茎秆基部节间长度比对照缩短2.88%,茎粗增加64.90%,茎秆强度和抗倒伏指数也分别提高了11.78%和10.95%;稻鸭共作提高了水稻深层根系比例和根系活力,黑根比例降低了16.63%.因此,稻鸭共作对水稻植株有壮秆效应,提高了植株的抗逆性,有利于水稻稳产高产.     

丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下黄瓜植株生长、果实产量和品质的影响

采用有机基质栽培,选用盐敏感黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为试验材料,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对盐胁迫下黄瓜植株生长、矿质营养吸收、果实品质和产量的影响.结果表明：接种AMF可以有效促进黄瓜植株生长和对矿质营养的吸收,提高果实产量和改善蔬菜营养品质;盐胁迫下,黄瓜生长受到抑制,植株体内N、P、K、Cu、Zn含量减少和K⁺/Na⁺降低,果实产量和可溶性蛋白、总糖、Vc、硝酸盐含量下降;接种AMF可缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜生长的抑制作用,使植株体内N、P、K、Cu和Zn含量分别比对照提高7.3%、11.7%、28.2%、13.5%和9.9%,K⁺/Na⁺、果实产量、可溶性蛋白、总糖、Vc含量明显提高,果实硝酸盐含量显著降低.表明AMF可通过促进盐胁迫下黄瓜植株对矿质营养的吸收,促进植株生长,增强植株对盐胁迫的耐性,进而提高其产量和改善营养品质.     

枯草芽孢杆菌肥在罗汉果上应用的效应分析

以罗汉果永青2号品种为材料,在连作6 a罗汉果的地块上,用地膜覆盖和区间隔离的方法,施入不同浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌肥,观察土壤微生物数量、罗汉果叶绿素量、白绢病发生率、产量及皂苷Ⅴ的变化,研究枯草芽孢杆菌肥对多年种植罗汉果地块的土壤微生物,植株生长和品质的影响。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌肥明显提高0~20 cm土壤微生物的数量,尤其是细菌数量和放线菌明显高于对照;而引发植株发病的真菌数量显著减少,最多能减少13.8%。提高罗汉果植株叶片叶绿素含量,促进叶绿素a、叶绿素b的形成,有利光合作用积累,同时,能增加叶绿素c含量,提高植株抗逆性;能抑制或降低白绢病病菌感染,减少白绢病发生。罗汉果果实产量得到明显提高,最大提高17.5%,同时,大中果比率提高7.5%,优化了罗汉果商品的物理性状;能改善罗汉果品质,提高其内含物的含量,果实中的主效成份皂苷Ⅴ含量达到1.33%,显著高于对照。该研究结果为罗汉果产区使用枯草芽孢杆菌肥连续种植罗汉果提供了依据。     

多胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜 (Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗体内K+、Na+和Cl-含量及器官间分布的影响

采用营养液水培,选用耐盐性不同的两个黄瓜品种,研究了外源多胺（Put、Spd、Spm）对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗植株不同器官中K＋、Na＋和Cl-含量的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫后黄瓜植株体内K＋含量下降、Na＋和Cl-含量升高、K/Na比值降低,耐盐性较弱的“津春2号”体内离子含量变化幅度明显大于耐盐性较强的“长春密刺”;叶面喷施多胺抑制了K＋含量的降低,减少了Na^＋和Cl^-的积累,提高了K/Na比值及K^＋、Na^＋吸收和运输的选择性,可缓解盐胁迫的伤害,增加生物积累量,且Spd（亚精胺）的作用尤为明显。总之,外源多胺可通过调控盐胁迫下植株体内的离子平衡,提高黄瓜幼苗的耐盐性。     

大豆-根瘤菌共生体系光合与固氮关系研究

水培大豆和田间生长的大豆,接种根瘤菌 Rhizobium B16-11C 后植株全氮含量、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率及种子产量都明显增加。比较 Clark 大豆的结瘤品系和不结瘤品系获类似结果。摘除根瘤后3天内叶片净光合速率无明显变化。大豆植株遮阴、去叶或切掉地上部导致根瘤活性明显下降。但去豆荚不能提高根瘤固氮的比活性。根瘤活性的日变化不能用根瘤蔗糖、淀粉含量或周围温度的变化来解释,其控制因子尚待深入研究。     

转拟南芥P5CS1基因增强羽衣甘蓝的耐旱性

为提高羽衣甘蓝的耐旱性,本文将拟南芥Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（P5CS1）基因经农杆菌介导转入羽衣甘蓝植株中,检测转基因株系与野生型植株在干旱胁迫下P5CS1 mRNA表达量、幼苗脯氨酸含量、株系根系性状、整株干重、鲜重和整株存活率。结果表明,在15%PEG6000渗透胁迫下,转基因植株的P5CS1基因mRNA表达量明显增加,转基因植株脯氨酸含量是野生型的2.4倍;主根长、最长侧根长、侧根数目、整株干重和鲜重均高于野生型,干重/鲜重则低于野生型,转基因植株的平均存活率为78%,极显著高于野生型。数据显示,AtP5CS1基因在羽衣甘蓝中的表达明显改善了转基因植株的耐旱性。     

Growth-Promoting Hormone DA-6 Assists Phytoextraction and Detoxification of Cd by Ryegrass

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of growth-promoting hormone diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) on Cd phytoextraction and detoxification in ryegrass. Foliar spray of DA-6 significantly enhanced Cd extraction efficiency (P < 0.05), with 1 μM DA-6 the most effective. At the subcellular level, 43–53% of Cd was soluble fraction and 23–46% in cell wall, and 9–25% in organelles. Chemical speciation analysis showed that 52.7–58.5% of Cd was NaCl extractable, 12.1–22.7% ethanol extractable, followed by other fractions. DA-6 alleviated metal toxicity by fixing more Cd in cell wall and decreasing Cd migration in plant. In conclusion, ryegrass tolerates Cd by cell wall compartmentalization along with protein and organic acids combination, and the treatment of 1 μM DA-6 appears to be optimal for enhancing the remediation efficiency of ryegrass for Cd contaminated soil.     

Exogenous Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate,a Plant Growth Regulator,Highly Improved the Salinity Tolerance of Important Medicinal Plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cassia obtusifolia</Emphasis> L.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of DA-6 in alleviating the salinity inhibition of Cassia obtusifolia L. seeds and seedlings. NaCl (100 mM) was used to mimic salinity stress in a series of experiments. Varying combinations of DA-6 were added to seeds and seedlings under salinity stress. Seed germination indices and seedling parameters were investigated. Seed germination and seedling growth were significantly inhibited under salinity stress. NaCl-induced inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth were ameliorated by DA-6 with different concentrations. Addition of DA-6 to seeds (50 µM) and seedlings (100 µM) significantly alleviated damage to the plant cells under salinity stress. DA-6 (regardless of the presence or absence of NaCl) enhanced chlorophyll concentration, total soluble sugars, free proline, and soluble protein, and improved photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency levels (F _v/F _m), PSII actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and the photochemical quench coefficient. In contrast, the initial fluorescence (F _o) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient decreased. Application of DA-6 also enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), thus alleviating oxidative damage, as indicated by decreases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide concentration (H₂O₂), relative conductivity, and lipoxygenase activity (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12). Based on the experimental results, we conclude that DA-6 induces advantageous effects on the attenuation of salt-stress inhibition of C. obtusifolia seeds and seedlings and alleviates oxidative damage by conferring beneficial cytoprotection and activating antioxidant enzymes. DA-6 can be used as an effective plant growth regulator to alleviate salinity stress.     

Dopamine-1-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C activity in rat renal cortical membranes

Phospholipase C (PL-C) mediates transduction of neurotransmitter signals across membranes via hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), leading to generation of second messengers inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. In this study, dopamine-1 (DA-1) but not dopamine-2 (DA-2) agonists were shown to stimulate PL-C activity in renal cortical membranes. The DA-1 agonist, SKF 82526, stimulated the release of inositol phosphates from renal cortical membranes prelabeled with [3H]myoinositol. The majority of the label (75%) was found in phosphatidylinositol followed by PIP2 (15%) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (10%). A DA-1 specific effect on PL-C activity was also observed in an in vitro assay of PL-C activity in renal cortical membranes and basolateral and brush border membranes using [3H]PIP2 as the substrate. Dopamine and SKF 82526 stimulated the release of inositol phosphates from added [3H]PIP2 in a concentration-dependent manner. This release was blocked by the DA-1 antagonist SCH 23390 but not by the alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and prazosin. In contrast, the DA-2 agonist LY 171555 had no effect on inositol phosphate release. Guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate enhanced while guanyl-5'-yl thiophosphate attenuated the DA-1 agonist-stimulated PL-C activity. PL-C activity as measured by [3H]PIP2 hydrolysis had a pH optimum of 6.5, was inhibited by Mg2+ concentrations above 1 mM, was linear with time and protein concentration, and was sensitive to phosphatidylserine and calcium concentrations. We conclude that PL-C is activated by DA-1 but not DA-2 agonists in renal cortical membranes as well as both the basolateral and brush border renal tubular membranes. It is speculated that this action may mediate the natriuretic effects of dopamine in renal tubular epithelia.     

培养条件对头孢霉脂肪酸链长和ω-3脱饱和的影响

为了获得高产量的长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸,用十八碳脂肪酸和十六碳脂肪酸的比值考察碳链延长,用α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的比值考察ω-3脱饱和;探讨了八种因子对脂肪酸链长和ω-3脱饱和的影响。有利于碳链延长的条件为：麦芽糖10g/L、(NH4)2SO4 3g/L、起始pH为4.0、500mL三角瓶装50mL培养基、接种20%（V/V）、20℃培养6d。有利于ω-3脂肪酸生成的条件为：蔗糖30g/L、NH4Cl 3g/L、培养基起始pH为4.0、500mL三角瓶装50mL培养基、接种20%（V/V）、10℃培养10d。     

DA-6034, a derivative of flavonoid, prevents and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and inhibits colon carcinogenesis

Previously, we have shown that DA-6034, a synthetic derivative of flavonoid eupatilin, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in colon epithelial cells and prevented trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat colitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of DA-6034 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and on inflammation-related cancer. C57BL/6 mice were given 4% DSS for 5 days with and without DA-6034 in the acute preventive model. In the acute therapeutic model, mice were given 4% DSS for 5 days followed by rectal administration of DA-6034. Colitis was quantified by body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histology. In the inflammation-related cancer model, mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane, then three cycles of 2% DSS for 5 days, then 2 weeks of free water consumption. Apoptosis was determined by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay, and the expression of Ki-67, phospho-kappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha), and COX-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In both the acute preventive and acute therapeutic models, DA-6034 significantly attenuated DSS-induced weight loss, an increase in DAI, and a shortening of colon length. DA-6034-treated mice maintained crypt architecture and revealed a scanty infiltration of inflammatory cells in both the preventive and therapeutic models. In the inflammation-related cancer model, DA-6034 reduced the number of colon tumors and ameliorated weight loss and shortening of colon length. DA-6034 strongly enhanced apoptosis and inhibited the expression of COX-2 and phospho-IKKalpha in inflammation-related colon cancer models. Our results suggest that DA-6034 prevents acute murine colitis and inhibits inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis. DA-6034 could be a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.     

Hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester enhances chilling tolerance in strawberry seedlings by impact on photosynthesis and antioxidants

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) seedlings were pretreated with hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester (DA-6) in concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg dm⁻³ and then subjected to chilling and rewarming. The effects of applied DA-6 on the generation of reactive oxygen species (O₂ ⁻, H₂O₂), lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation and photosynthesis were evaluated. Pretreatment with DA-6 alleviated the inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities caused by chilling stress thus reducing O₂ ⁻ and H₂O₂ production and lipid peroxidation in pretreated plants. DA-6 pretreatment also accelerated accumulation of proline and reduce the decrease in proline content after rewarming. DA-6 pretreatment increases maximum quantum yield of photosystem 2 (F_v/F_m), actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (Φ_PS2), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and decreases non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP) of the seedlings under chilling stress. DA-6 pretreatment also increased the recovery rate of photosynthesis after rewarming.     

DA-8159 has erectile potentials much longer than the plasma half-life in a conscious rabbit model

DA-8159 is a pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative which is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. The efficacy of oral DA-8159 has been demonstrated in conscious and spinalized rabbits by its enhancement of nitric oxide-induced erections. The aim of this study was to investigate the time dependency of this efficacy on its plasma concentration in rabbits. DA-8159 was given orally to normal rabbits at a dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg in order to determine its pharmacokinetic parameters. After then, to investigate the relationship between penile erectile activity and plasma half-life, a dose of 10 mg/kg DA-8159 was administered and the erectile response was examined in a time-course manner by measuring the length of the uncovered penile mucosa after the intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside, which was administered 1, 3, 6, 8, 24 hours after administering DA-8159. DA-8159 was absorbed rapidly with a Tmax of 0.6 hours in 30 mg/kg and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group, and T1/2 of 1.23 hours in 30 mg/kg and 1.17 hours in 10 mg/kg, respectively. DA-8159 was not detected in the blood plasma 3 hours (10 mg/kg) or 6 hours (30 mg/kg) after administration. In an erection test, DA-8159 alone (10 mg/kg) induced a penile erection for approximately 2 hours but there was no significant erection thereafter. Although the DA-8159-induced penile erection disappeared, an intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside significantly induced a penile erection for 6 hours, when the plasma drug concentration was below the detection limit and a no longer visible erection was noted. These results demonstrate that DA-8159 is absorbed and rapidly cleared in rabbits. In addition, it can enhance a sodium nitroprusside-induced penile erection even after 6 hours, which is approximately five times longer than the plasma half-life in the rabbits. These results suggest that DA-8159 may have an erectile potential for much longer than its measured half-life.     

胺鲜酯对高产夏玉米产量及叶片光合羧化酶和保护酶活性的影响

采用田间小区试验,以高产玉米新品种登海661为材料,研究了拔节期叶面喷施10、20和40 mg·L^-1的胺鲜酯（DA-6）对玉米叶片光合羧化酶、保护酶活性和产量的影响.结果表明：喷施胺鲜酯各处理玉米分别比对照（含有表面活性剂和水）增产10.0%(10 mg·L^-1)、8.9%(20 mg·L^-1)和9.4%(40 mg·L^-1),增产效果显著,但各浓度间差异不显著.胺鲜酯处理后,花后玉米的叶面积指数、光合速率、RuBP羧化酶和PEP羧化酶活性均显著上升(P＜0.05),且对光合速率、RuBP羧化酶和PEP羧化酶活性的影响随着处理浓度的增加而提高;与对照相比,胺鲜酯处理后吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期和蜡熟期叶片SOD、CAT、POD和GSTs活性及可溶性蛋白质含量显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P＜0.05),其中CAT活性随着处理浓度的增加呈上升趋势,其余生理指标各浓度间无显著性差异.     

Anatomical distribution and function of dopamine receptors in the kidney.

Dopamine receptors of DA-1 and DA-2 subtypes are localized in various regions within the kidney including the renal vasculature (DA-1) as well as sympathetic nerve terminals innervating the renal blood vessels (DA-2). More recent studies using receptor-ligand binding and receptor autoradiography have shown that DA-1 receptors are localized at both the luminal and basolateral membranes at the level of the proximal tubules. Activation of these DA-1 receptors by dopamine and by selective DA-1 receptor agonists results in natriuresis and diuresis. The cellular signaling mechanisms responsible for this response appear to be DA-1 receptor-induced activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C, which via the generation of various intracellular messenger systems cause inhibition of Na(+)-H+ antiport (luminal) and Na+, K(+)-ATPase (basolateral), respectively. Both of these events consequently inhibit sodium reabsorption leading to natriuresis and diuresis. It is also known that dopamine can be synthesized within proximal tubular cells from L-dopa, which is taken up from the tubular lumen, and this locally produced dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of sodium excretion particularly during increases in sodium intake. Furthermore, a defect in the renal dopaminergic mechanism may be one of the pathogenic factors in certain forms of hypertension. Finally, whereas DA-1 receptor agonists are shown to be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and acute renal failure, some selective DA-2 receptor agonists are effective antihypertensive agents.     

Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulate the proliferation of interleukin-3 dependent cells

To determine whether activation of protein kinase C is involved in the proliferation of interleukin-3 (IL-3) -dependent cells, we examined the effect of tumor-promoting phorbol esters on the in vitro proliferation of the IL-3-dependent cell lines FD and DA-1. The viability of FD and DA-1 cells cultured for 24 hours in 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 10% FCS was similar to that of cells cultured in 25% WEHI-3 conditioned medium as a source of IL-3, and 10% FCS. FD cells failed to proliferate in concentrations of FCS of up to 50%, while DA-1 cell proliferation was not markedly influenced by FCS. By contrast, PMA promoted the proliferation of FD and DA-1 cells in the absence of FCS and enhanced their proliferation in the presence of 10% FCS, 60- and 20-fold, respectively. Stimulation of proliferation was achieved with as little as 10 nM PMA and was maximal at 100 nM PMA. Low concentrations (0.05-0.1%) of WEHI-3 CM promoted the proliferative response of FD and DA-1 cells to PMA, but at concentrations of WEHI-3 CM greater than 0.8%, no further increment in proliferation was obtained with PMA. As little as 1/2 hour of exposure to phorbol esters was sufficient to cause translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membranes of DA-1 cells, and 1 hour of exposure to phorbol esters was sufficient to stimulate DNA synthesis. A protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, at a concentration of 10 microM inhibited phorbol ester-induced stimulation of DA-1 cell proliferation. When DA-1 cells were exposed to the calcium ionophore A23187 in addition to both a phorbol ester and IL-3, their proliferation was enhanced over that stimulated by only the phorbol ester and IL-3. The data indicate that stimulation of proliferation of IL-3-dependent cells involves the activation of protein kinase C.