基于卫星跟踪的遗鸥活动特征与空间利用研究

河北省康巴诺尔湖和张家口坝上已成为遗鸥Larus relictus的重要繁殖地和迁徙停歇地,但对此地繁殖种群的研究才刚开始。为了掌握遗鸥繁殖种群的活动区、活动节律和空间利用等特点,2016年6—9月,利用卫星跟踪技术对康巴诺尔湖遗鸥的活动特征和空间利用进行了研究。对4只遗鸥个体的跟踪结果表明:活动特征方面,(1)遗鸥主要活动区位于张家口坝上和内蒙古乌兰察布市东部,且不同个体位点分布差异较大;(2)繁殖后期和游荡期遗鸥活动区面积差异明显,游荡期活动区面积(155.95 km~2)大于繁殖后期(59.90 km~2)。同时不同个体活动区重叠程度差异较大,繁殖后期重叠程度高,游荡期重叠程度低;(3)活动节律显示遗鸥每天凌晨和黄昏都出现较长的活动距离。空间利用方面,本研究首次将粪区和农草区划为遗鸥的觅食区域,发现繁殖后期和游荡期遗鸥对湖淖区均有较高程度的利用。此外,还对遗鸥潜在食源进行了调查,发现在康巴诺尔湖遗鸥主要食物为摇蚊科Chironomidae幼虫和划蝽科Corixidae,在其他觅食地主要食物为丰年虫Chirocephalus sp.、蚌虫Cyzicus sp.、鲎虫Triops sp.和蛆虫。     

我国的重点保护鱼类

1989年初,我国颁布了《国家重点保护动物名录》,其中有15种鱼被列入。本文就这些鱼的分类地位、形态特征、生态习性、地理分布、经济价值及保护意义等作了介绍。     

黑芝的本草考证

对古代文献记载的"黑芝"在名称、地理分布、形态特性和药用功效等方面做了本草考证。根据历代本草对"黑芝"的记载,与紫芝(Ganoderma sinense J.D. Zhao,L.W. HsuX.Q. Zhang)的地理分布、形态特征和药用功效等方面进行对照。初步认为古代记载的"黑芝"和"紫芝"是同一种真菌,即灵芝科真菌紫芝子实体的不同生长发育阶段。     

遗鸥研究概述

叙述自遗鸥（Larus relictus)被确认为有效物种以来30余年中世界范围内对遗鸥的主要研究结果与对遗鸥认知发展的概况,总的来讲,遗鸥作为环蒙古高原的繁殖分布,为荒漠-半荒漠生态条件下的典型鸟种,具4个相对独立的繁殖种群,取湖心岛为繁殖生境,遗鸥当年幼鸟呈辐射方式作最初扩散。而其主要越冬地和越冬种群至今尚不明了,由于气候变化造成繁殖生境的不稳定,应是导致遗鸥繁殖群呈较强动态变化的重要原因。     

我国西沙群岛植物花粉形态资料

本工作描述了我国西沙群岛比较有代表性的39种植物(隶属于25个科,37个属)花粉的形态特征,并附有显微照片。对每一种植物的生长习性、生境和地理分布也作了记载。     

药用真菌桑黄的研究进展

桑黄是著名的药用真菌,在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖、调节免疫等方面有显著功效。目前世界范围内桑黄类群共包括12个种,其中中国分布7个种。本文综述了桑黄物种多样性、形态特征、地理分布、药用成分、药理作用机制以及人工培养等方面的研究进展。     

遗鸥繁殖群在鄂尔多斯的新发现

在鄂尔多斯漠地,发现世界最大的遗鸥繁殖群,共581巢。该发现为遗鸥在国内繁殖记录的首次报道。本文对遗鸥繁殖地生境,繁殖习性,食性和天敌等做了记述。     

对《鸟类分类及生态学》一书的评介

不久前,高等教育出版社出版了傅桐生、高玮、宋榆钧编著的《鸟类分类及生态学》。全书近四十万字,涉及鸟类分类和生态学基本知识和方法。书中对世界现存各科鸟类的形态特征、地理分布和生物学特性作了系统的介绍,特     

藏药"作毛兴"原植物的资源学研究

对藏医常用植物药"作毛兴"原植物作了本草学考证,产于青藏高原的锦鸡儿属数种植物为药材来源;同时对"作毛兴"原植物的地理分布、群落学特征、资源的现状等进行资源学方面的分析,并对进一步开发利用和保护该类植物资源提出了建议.     

蜉蝣

<正> 蜉蝣(Mayfly)是一类原始和古老的有翅昆虫。这类昆虫在我国尚未引起人们的注意去从事系统的调查研究,故无论在系统分类、地理分布、生物学、经济利用等各方面都了解很少,与先进国家相比,存在着很大的差距,亟待进一步的研究。本文拟对蜉蝣的形态特征、生活习性、与人类的关系。标本采集和保存等基础知识作一简要的介绍。     

THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF A RELICT–ILLICIUM FLORIDANUM ELLIS

The flowers of Illicium floridanum are pollinated by a wide variety of insects, particularly Diptera that emerge from the litter and stream in early spring. Coleoptera rarely visit the flowers. It is suggested that the mode of pollination is ancient and may also exist in species of primitive angiosperms in the South Pacific. Illicium floridanum is self-incompatible and possesses features of a gametophytically controlled incompatibility system. As a result of asexual reproduction, a lack of long-distance dispersal of pollen and self-incompatibility, fruit production is very low. This pattern of reproduction is found in other species of primitive angiosperms; incompatibility mechanisms which undoubtedly aided the angiosperms to become dominant may now be one of the major factors responsible for their extinction.     

STIMULATION BY THE SALTS OF THE NORMAL ALIPHATIC ACIDS IN THE ROCK BARNACLE BALANUS BALANOIDES

In Vol. 15, No. 6, July 20, 1932, page 620, in the first line under References, for J. Gen. Physiol., 1931–32, 15, 62, read J. Gen. Physiol., 1931–32, 15, 621.     

Eggs and larvae of Nototheniops larseni from the Spongocoel of a Hexactinellid sponge near Hugo island,Antarctic Peninsula

Summary A mass of adhesive fish eggs was found within the spongocoel of a hexactinellid (glass) sponge, Rosella nuda, collected by bottom trawl near Hugo Island, Antarctic Peninsula in early September. Eggs were hatched in the ship's laboratory and the larvae identified as Nototheniops larseni (Lonnberg). Eggs and early larvae are described. Potential implications of the use of sponges by antarctic fishes as refuges and spawning sites are discussed.Contribution No. 795 from the School of Fisheries University of Washington, Seattle, Wash     

论泥盆纪腕足动物Yunnanella和Nayunnella属

腕足动物Yunnanella和Nayunnella两属在我国分布很广 ,是晚泥盆世法门期重要的带化石之一。由于命名等问题 ,迄今 ,这两属的使用在国内外仍比较混乱。Sartenaer (196 1a ,196 2 )根据国际动物命名法规提出 ,YunnanellaGrabau ,192 3和NayunnellaSartenaer ,196 1两属的命名是有效的 ,它们的模式种分别是Yunnanellahanburii (Davidson ,185 3)和YunnanellasynplicataGrabau ,1931。YunnanellaGrabau ,1931是YunnanellaGrabau ,192 3的异物同名 ,YunnanellinaGrabau ,1931是YunnanellaGrabau ,192 3的同物异名。研究认为 ,Sartenaer(196 1a ,196 2 )的观点符合国际动物命名法规的优先原则 ,应予采纳     

NOTES ON SOME FORSIUS‘ TYPES OF ASIAN SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINOIDEA) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES*

Abstract Some types of E. Asian sawfly species described by Forsius in 1931 are examined. One new species is described based on the paratypes of a species described by Forsius: Eutomostethus forsiusi sp. nov. Three new combinations are provided: Nesoselandria annamitica (Forsius 1931) comb. nov., Birmindia gracilis (Forsius 1931) comb. nov. and Eutomostethus sikkimensis (Forsius 1931), comb. nov., two synonyms are proposed: Birmindia gracilis (Forsius 1931) =Birmindia albipes Malaise 1947, syn. nov. and Indotaxonus tricoloricornis (Konow, 1898) =Conaspidia dubiosa Forsius 1931, syn. nov.     

晚泥盆世腕足动物中国石燕(Sinospirifer)之修订

通过对保存在南京地质古生物研究所的弓石燕类模式标本(由葛利普最早研究)的再研究,作者认为,Sinospirifer Grabau,193l仍是一个有效属。它与Cyrtospirfer Nalivkin,1924的主要区别在于腹壳后部强烈加厚、假三角板中央具有肉茎管以及在壳褶及褶间均发育微瘤(whitneyi—subextensus型的微细纹饰)。Tien(1938)指定S．sinensis Grabau,1931作为Sinospirifer的模式种,因为它与S．subextensus(Martelli,1902)有着相同的形态构造,包括壳形、壳率、中槽壳线型式、中央肉茎管、微细纹饰及内部构造等,所以Ssinensis应是S．subextensus(Martelli,1902)的次同义名,Sinospirifer的模式种应更改为S．subextensus。此外,S．archiaciformis,S.wan-gleighi,S．vilis,S．subhavasakai,S．pellizzarii,S.pellizzariformis和S．heterosinosus几个种在外部及内部构造上也与Ssubextensus相同,同样被视作为S．subextensus的次同义名。葛利普文中所列举的所谓几个种之间的区分特征已在湖南中部同一地点同一层位所采集的同一样品的标本中观察到,它们仅仅是种内变异的现象。对于以往不同种的标本被归人同种的情况,作者均作了修订,例如,S．vilis Grabau,1931实际代表几个种标本的混合体,经修订,分别被归于Siplospirifer subextensus,“Sinospirifer”hayasakai,Tenticospirifer supervilis等。S．sub—hayasakai Grabau,1931仅限于正模为代表的特征,被归于Sinospirifer subextensus,而两个副模标本(NIGP 2736和2740)则应归人”Sinospirifer”gortanioides Grabau,1931。     

我国特产森氏七鳃鳗脊髓的荧光镜检及电镜观察

森氏七鳃鳗被认为是七鳃鳗目中东方最古老的残遗种。体长150—180mm的成年森氏七鳃鳗5尾在低温(7—9℃)和经95%O_2—5%CO_2平衡的人工培养液中进行手术,剥制整体脊髓薄片。灰质仅可见中间部位和左右两个膨大部位的区,而未见背角和腹角的区分。白质则全部由不同直径的无髓鞘纤维组成。起源于脊髓以上部位的Muller神经元的巨纤维轴突常见两侧对称或类对称呈现,而荧光镜检表明中央管下面的灰质具有相当密集的5-HT神经元。电镜观察的结果表明脊髓中至少可见两种连接(junction),即桥粒(desmosome)和化学突触(synapse)。前者裂隙宽度约为15nm,后者含积聚在突触前的直径为30—50nm的透亮小泡。在中央管下面5-HT神经元轴突的膨大部分则可见直径为100—150nm的致密芯小泡。     

遗鸥繁殖生境选择及其繁殖地湿地鸟类群落研究

本文就遗鸥(Larus relictus)在内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原对其繁殖生境的选择和该生境下所出现的湿地鸟类种类、数量、居留习性等作了记述,并对该地湿地鸟类的区系成份、生境类型与种的生态分布及数量配比关系、伴生种问题及东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)在鄂尔多斯的发现等作了分析和探讨。     

Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Protanisoptera (Insecta: Odonatoptera)

The Permian suborder Protanisoptera (Insecta: Odonatoptera) is revised and a new phylogenetic hypothesis proposed after analyses based on wing venation and different outgroups. After our study the families Camptotaxineuridae and Kaltanoneuridae are excluded from the Protanisoptera. After a new phylogenetic analysis, the family Permaeschnidae is redefined and the families Pholidoptilidae, Polytaxineuridae, Callimokaltaniidae and Hemizygopteridae are restored, as already proposed for the latter three families by Bechly (1996). The new genus Proditaxineura is described. The genus Gondvanoptilon RÖSLER et al., 1981 is excluded from the Meganisoptera: Erasipteridae and re-included in the Permaeschnidae, as already proposed by Bechly (1998). Permaeschna proxima MARTYNOV, 1931 is considered as a junior synonym of Permaeschna dolloi MARTYNOV, 1931. Pholidoptilon camense ZALESSKY, 1931 is excluded from Permaeschna MARTYNOV, 1931 and the genus Pholidoptilon [Zalessky, 1931a] and [Zalessky, 1931b] is restored. Ditaxineurella stigmalisMARTYNOV, 1940 is excluded from the Hemizygopteridae and considered as a Protanisoptera Incertae sedis.     

THE GENUS TRAPANIA (NUDIBRANCHIA: GONIODORIDIDAE) IN THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC

Seven new species of the nudibranch genus Trapania Pruvot-Fol,1931 (Goniodorididae) are described from the Indo-West Pacificand an eighth species, T. japonica (Baba, 1935), originallydescribed from one preserved specimen from Japan, is redescribedfrom specimens collected in Hong Kong and tropical eastern Australia.Three of the new species are from temperate south-eastern Australiaand one from tropical eastern Australia. Two species are knownonly from Hong Kong and a third is recorded from the SudaneseRed Sea as well as Hong Kong. Only ten other species of Trapania have been described, sixof those from Europe, and one each from Brazil, California,Japan and New Zealand. The anatomy and external colour patternof these species is compared with that of the seven new species. (Received 12 December 1986;