A comparative study of the effects of laser and light-emitting diode irradiation on the wound healing and functional activity of wound exudate leukocytes

The effects of coherent He-Ne laser and non-coherent light-emitting diode radiation on rat skin wound healing and functional activity of wound excudate leukocytes were compared. A comparative pathomorphological analysis showed that the He-Ne laser and light-emitting diode irradiation stimulated the transition of the inflammatory phase of the wound healing into the reparative (proliferative) and scarring phases sequentially. It was also detected that the functional activity of leucocytes changed in a dose-dependent manner. The leukocyte activity was found to be similar in the groups with laser and light-emitting diode irradiation. Thus, we can conclude that coherent laser and non-coherent light-emitting diode radiation have very close effects on wound healing and activity of wound exudate leukocytes, and coherence is not required for this activity.     

Effects of gastric mucosa irradiation with helium-neon laser on epithelial cells

Effect of various doses of low-tense laser irradiation on proliferative and functional morphology of fundal gastric epitheliocytes in rats was studied by endogastric irradiation with the methods of histochemistry, autoradiography, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that laser irradiation effect varied with its dose and was spread on gastric mucosa lying at the site of direct influence. The doses of irradiation that had no alternative effect induced reconstruction of epitheliocytes especially mucocytes indicating intensification of specific function in them, as well as an increase of proliferative activity.     

Photodynamic modification of disulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine fluorescence in a macrophage cell line.

Disulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AlS(2)Pc) is used experimentally as a photosensitiser for both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photochemical internalisation (PCI). In this study we have focused on modifications in intracellular photosensitiser localisation and fluorescence intensity in macrophages during and after photoirradiation. Since macrophages are highly abundant in tumour tissue and readily accumulate AlS(2)Pc both in vivo and in vitro, we investigated PDT-induced changes of AlS(2)Pc fluorescence in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 using CCD fluorescence imaging microscopy. The distinct intracellular localization disappeared upon red laser irradiation and was replaced by a uniform distribution accompanied by a transient fluorescence intensity increase using higher AlS(2)Pc concentrations, followed by photobleaching after further irradiation. A short period of irradiation was sufficient to induce the intracellular redistribution and intensity increase, which then continued in the dark without further laser irradiation. However in the absence of oxygen no fluorescence intensity increase or redistribution was observed. This finding favours the general assumption of photodynamic destruction of organelle membranes resulting in the observed redistribution of the phthalocyanine. No other long-lived fluorescent photoproducts were observed during irradiation. Under deoxygenated conditions slower photobleaching was observed, and photobleaching quantum yields were estimated under aerated and deoxygenated conditions. The participation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS) generated during irradiation was indicated by intracellular oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein to the fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein in macrophages. The oxygen dependence of these photomodification processes is relevant to the application of AlS(2)Pc to photochemical internalisation which relies on photosensitiser redistribution in cells upon light exposure.     

Study of the effects of laser irradiation (540 nm) on some components of blood enzyme antioxidant system

The influence of blood laser irradiation (lambda = 540 nm) in doses range 0.3-1.2 J/cm2 on the neutrophyles superoxide-dismutase and katalase activity has been studied. Correcting effect of laser light (0.6; 1.2 J/cm2) on the functional activity of studied enzymes has been found. The high degree of correlation (r = 0.6) between neutrophil superoxide dismutase and neutrophil catalase activity of the irradiated blood has been discovered. The close correlation between components of the antioxidant system and processes of active oxygen metabolite generation has been revealed. The scheme of free radical mechanisms of the laser irradiation influence on the several parts of the enzyme antioxidant system has been suggested.     

Influence of nitric oxide donor,NO-synthase substrate,and inhibitor on leucocyte ROS-generating activity during ascites tumor growth

The influence of nitric oxide (NO) donor, NO-synthase substrate (L-arginine), and inhibitor (nitroarginine) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating activity of blood plasma polymorphonuclear leucocytes and ascitic fluid macrophages was studied during tumor growth in animal organisms. It was found that, in the initial period of tumor growth, 8 × 10⁻⁵ M sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which is an NO donor, reduced the potential ROS-generating activity of macrophages by 38.5 ± 9% and plasma polymorphicnuclear leucocytes by 27.6 ± 7%. However, the dynamics of this process during the tumor growth was conservative and variations in ROS production by phagocytes were 10 ± 3%. L-arginine induced a decrease in the ROS-generating activity of granulocytes and mononucleares by 25–30%. The results point to inducible inhibition effect of NO-synthase on the ROS-generating activity of NADPH-oxidase in the course of tumor growth. Nitroarginine, an inhibitor of NO-synthase, produced stable increase in the ROS-generating activity of phagocytes isolated from the tumor at different periods of its growth. The use NO-synthase inhibitors to increase the ROS level in the area of tumor growth may favor the suppression of tumor-cell growth in vivo.     

The effect of low-intensity laser irradiation in the blue, green, and red spectral ranges on healing of experimental skin wounds in rats

The effects of low-intensity laser irradiation in the red (632.8 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (441.2 nm) spectral ranges on wound healing has been studied in rats. The effect of the traditionally used red laser irradiation has been compared with the effect caused by laser irradiation in other spectral ranges, aiming to support the provisional hypothesis that a similar healing effect could be achieved at lower doses of wound irradiation by lasers emitting in the blue and green spectral ranges. The following parameters have been used to characterize healing of the experimental wounds: the functional activity of phagocytes in the wound exudate, which was determined from luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, the phagocyte number; the wound exudates’ antioxidant activity; and the rate of healing, which was determined as the change of the wound surface area. It was found that in all cases the laser irradiation accelerated the healing of wounds. Exposure to red laser irradiation at the dose of 1.5 J/cm²), and to blue or green laser irradiation at a dose of 0.75 J/cm² shortened the time of the wound healing from 22 to 17 and 19 days, respectively. The functional activity of leukocytes in irradiated groups increased by day 5 after surgery, whereas in the control group it decreased. The superoxide dismutase activity increased in all experimental groups by day 5 after surgery. Laser irradiation in the red spectral range at a dose of 1.5 J/cm² resulted in a larger increase in superoxide dismutase activity, as compared to that found after exposure to laser irradiation in the blue and green spectral ranges at a dose of 0.75 J/cm².     

氦氖激光对绵羊精清中酶活性效应的研究

本文研究结果表明低剂量的氦氖激光可以提高绵羊精清中GOT和LDH酶的活性,并对其机制作了初步的探讨。     

Stimulation of non-specific immune functions in seawater-acclimated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with reference to the role of growth hormone

The influence of acclimation to seawater (SW) and growth hormone (GH) administration on immune functions was examined in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After 3 days acclimation to dilute SW (12 parts per thousand, ppt), an increase in plasma lysozyme activity was observed compared to the fish kept in fresh water (FW). No change was seen in plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. When they were transferred from dilute SW to full-strength SW (29 ppt) after a single intra-peritoneal injection of ovine or salmon GH, plasma sodium levels of GH-treated fish were significantly lower than those of the control fish injected with Ringer's solution 24 h after the transfer. The plasma level of IgM was not influenced by GH injection in the fish kept in FW nor in those transferred to SW. The administration of GH increased plasma lysozyme activity in the fish in FW, but no further increase was seen after SW transfer. The production of superoxide anions in peripheral blood leucocytes was stimulated by GH in both FW and SW. These results suggest that GH is involved in the stimulation of the non-specific immune functions in SW-acclimated salmonids.     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗根抗氧化酶的影响

采用5 mW·mm-2He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ·m-2d-1 UV-B辐射及二者组合对冬小麦“临优2018”幼苗进行处理,研究各处理组幼苗根过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及同工酶变化.研究结果显示,增强UV-B辐射能抑制POD、CAT和SOD的活性,差异显著,关闭了...     

Changes in the leukocyte phagocytic activity of donor blood after its UV irradiation. I. Its relation to the irradiation dose and initial level of phagocytic activity

Phagocytic activity of human mono- and granulocytes increased markedly after UV blood irradiation in the apparatus "Izolda" used in hospitals of the USSR for medical treatment. With the rise of irradiation dose the ratio of cells ingesting latex particles increased, although the average number of particles ingested per cell decreased. The integrative phagocytic index poorly depended on the irradiation dose. In patients with a low initial level of phagocytic index, after UV blood irradiation it became more pronounced than in those with the initial elevated level. The enhancement of phagocytic activity is the result of a direct UV-stimulation of cells. This stimulation not mediated by irradiated blood plasma is known to inhibit the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. A possible mechanism of phagocytic activity stimulation is discussed.     

Effect of UV-irradiated donor blood on the colony-forming ability of human bone marrow cells in culture

A possible mechanism of the hemopoiesis stimulation by UV and solar radiation was studied. The UV irradiation of leucocyte-enriched donor serum results in increasing the colony formation activity of the serum. The addition of such a serum but depleted of leucocytes to human bone marrow cells in semisolid agar culture stimulates its colony formation by 1.5-3 times. A serum depleted of leucocytes before the irradiation has not this property. It is supposed that cell surface glycoproteins, desorbing into the serum under UV irradiation, induce the colony formation activity of UV-irradiated blood.     

A study of the effect of low-intensity laser radiation of the blue, green, and red spectral regions on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats

The effect of low-intensity laser radiation of the blue (441.2 nm), green (532 nm), and red (632.8 nm) spectral regions on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats has been studied. The effect of the traditionally applied laser radiation in the red region has been compared with the effect of laser radiation in the other spectral regions, assuming that, upon irradiation of wounds by lasers emitting in the blue and green regions, a similar effect can be achieved at lower doses. The following parameters characterizing the healing of experimental wounds were used: the functional activity of phagocytes of wound exudates, which was determined by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, and their number; the antioxidant activity of wound exudates; and the rate of healing, which was determined as a change in the wound area. It was shown that irradiation with laser accelerated the healing of wounds in all cases. The exposure to laser radiations in the red (1.5 J/cm), blue, and green (0.75 J/cm2) spectral regions shortened the time of wound healing from 22 to 17 and 19 days, respectively. The functional activity of leukocytes after the exposure increased on day 5 after the infliction of the wound, whereas in the control it decreased. The superoxide dismutase activity increased in all experimental groups by day 5 after the operation. A maximum increase in the superoxide dismutase activity occurred after the exposure to laser radiation in the red region at a dose of 1.5 J/cm and in the blue and green spectral regions at a dose of 0.75 J/cm2.     

A comparative study of chromatin from lymphocyte nuclei upon activation of transcription by irradiation from an He-Ne-laser or phytohemagglutinin]

The influence of He-Ne laser radiation (632.8 nm, 56 J/m2, t = 10 s) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA, 2 micrograms/ml) on chromatin structure in human lymphocytes was studied by electron microscopy using ultrathin cell sections. Morphometric analysis of extranuclear condensed chromatin masses was performed 1 h after the irradiation or after the beginning of PHA treatment. In the irradiated cells the following insignificant changes were revealed: decrease in the relative area of the nucleoplasmic chromatin, increase in the relative area of decondensation zones as well as increase in the number of clumps of nucleoplasmic chromatin and relative length at their boundary with nucleoplasma. The tendency of these morphological changes may be interpreted as functional activation of extranucleolar RNA synthesis in response to irradiation by red laser light. Action of PHA results in significant changes of the surfaces of chromatin clumps, namely increase in relative length of nucleoplasmic chromatin boundary and decrease in relative length of perimembranous chromatin boundary with nucleoplasma as well as some less expressed delamination of the chromatin masses from the nuclear membrane. These essential changes may reflect chromatin activation by proliferative stimulus. Peculiarities of the ultrastructural reorganisation in the condensed chromatin after irradiation and PHA-treatment probably reflect the differences in the processes of gene activation caused by the two agents.     

长期低剂量γ线照射和照射加电击对老年前期大鼠性激素、肝功能和脂质过氧化物的影响

本文观察了长期低剂量γ射线照射和照射加电击对老年前期(18～21月龄)大鼠血浆性激素水平、肝微粒体混合功能氧化酶(MFO)活力以及组织脂质过氧化物的影响。长期照射加电击使雄性大鼠血浆睾酮水平明显降低(p<0.05),照射与照射加电击均使雄鼠肝微粒体MFO活力明显下降(p<0.05)。长期低剂量γ射线照射和照射加电击组的睾丸自由基浓度较对照组明显升高(p<0.05),长期照射使雄性大鼠肝匀浆与微粒体,睾丸匀浆与线粒体的脂质过氧化物较对照组明显增高,但照射加电击组的脂质过氧化物较照射组(以及对照组)明显下降。实验结果说明照射与照射加电击对老年前期大鼠的作用有所不同,这些环境因素具有加速老化的作用。     

Differential effect of extracellular calcium on the Na(+)-K+ pump activity in intact polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes

The effect of extracellular calcium on the Na(+)-K+ pump activity in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes was studied and compared with the activity in mixed peritoneal leucocytes from rats. While there was maximal decrease in the pump activity (25-30%) of leucocytes from both rat and human by calcium 0.6 mM, a concentration of 0.1 mM caused a substantial decrease indicating a high sensitivity for extracellular calcium. In contrast, calcium had no effect on the pump activity in erythrocytes. The effect of calcium on the pump activity in leucocytes may be due to regulation of the influx of sodium across the plasma membrane, since in human leucocytes calcium had no effect on the pump activity if the cells were loaded with sodium.     

Stimulation of immunogenesis by neurotensin, pentagastrin and thymopentin and ways of its realization

In experiments on mice and in vitro the influence of neurotensin pentagastrin and thymopentin on the immune response, the phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by polymorphoneutrophil leucocytes and enzymatic activity of these cells by NBT-test were investigated. It was shown that neurotensin and thymopentin increase enzymatic and phagocytic function of polymorphoneutrophil leucocytes. Pentagastrin, as well as thymopentin stimulates the immune response, enzymatic but not phagocytic function of polymorphoneutrophil leucocytes. Immunostimulating effect of the studied peptides was realized by facility differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into T-lymphocytes and by the interaction of the peptides with T-cells.     

Effect of interleukin-1 on adrenal function in mice

The influence of macrophage secretion product on the functional activity of the adrenal glands has been studied in mice. It has been shown that intravenously injected interleukin-1 caused dose-dependent increase in corticosterone content in the blood plasma. The hormonal response of the adrenal glands to interleukin-1 injection was abolished by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The results obtained indicate that interleukin-1 stimulates the functional activity of the adrenal glands, with the effect mediated by prostaglandins.     

Functional activity of leucocytes in postnatal ontogenesis of dogs]

Studies have been made on motile and phagocytic activity, osmotic fragility of neutrophilic leucocytes, as well as on their glycogen content in dogs of various age groups. Within the first 3 months of postnatal life of animals (especially during the 1st month), functional activity of leucocytes is lower than in adult dogs. With respect to functional activity of leucocytes, 6-month puppies stand closer to adult dogs, although exhibit some differences from the latter.     

Effect of photosensitizers pheophorbide a and protoporphyrin IX on skin wound healing upon low-intensity laser irradiation

The effect of photosensitizer with subsequent He-Ne (632.8 nm; 3 mW/cm²) laser irradiation on experimental skin wound healing has been studied. Pheophorbide a and protoporphyrin IX were used as photosensitizers. It was found that application of the photosensitizer and subsequent laser irradiation, first, decreased the amount and the functional activity of leukocytes in the wound exudate and, second, inhibited the SOD activity as compared with that of the control group. Moreover, pheophorbide and protoporphyrin practically did not affect the total healing period but decreased the length of the inflammation stage. It was supposed that these effects are related to generation of reactive oxygen species during irradiation.