胺碘酮致甲状腺功能异常的诊治进展

胺碘酮是治疗心律失常的常用药物。但由于其富含碘及自身固有的特性,可导致一系列甲状腺功能的紊乱,甚至引发明显的甲状腺功能减退（甲减）或甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）。对于胺碘酮所致甲减（AIH）的诊断和治疗目前比较清晰,但对胺碘酮所致甲亢（AIT）的诊断、鉴别其亚型及治疗有一定的难度。     

胺碘酮致甲状腺功能异常的诊治进展

胺碘酮是治疗心律失常的常用药物。但由于其富含碘及自身固有的特性,可导致一系列甲状腺功能的紊乱,甚至引发明显的甲状腺功能减退(甲减)或甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)。对于胺碘酮所致甲减(AIH)的诊断和治疗目前比较清晰,但对胺碘酮所致甲亢(AIT)的诊断、鉴别其亚型及治疗有一定的难度。     

68例服胺碘酮的75岁以上老年心律失常患者甲功变化分析

目的:探讨口服小剂量胺碘酮对老年心律失常患者甲状腺功能的作用和影响。方法:回顾性分析老年器质性心脏病心律失常患者68例,记录胺碘酮治疗方案与疗效、甲状腺变化及随访干预措施情况。结果:老年人服用胺碘酮引起甲状腺疾病发生率为31.8%(22/68),以甲状腺功能减退25.7%(18/68)为主,大致为甲状腺功能亢进(6.1%,4/68)的4倍。采用小剂量胺碘酮方案出现的甲状腺功能紊乱多数经过减量或停药逆转或恢复。结论:老年人服用胺碘酮甲状腺功能紊乱发生率高,但临床表现不典型,应更密切地监测甲状腺功能;甲状腺功能紊乱经胺碘酮及时减量或停药等措施多能逆转或恢复。     

68例服胺碘酮的75岁以上老年心律失常患者甲功变化分析

目的：探讨口服小剂量胺碘酮对老年心律失常患者甲状腺功能的作用和影响。方法：回顾性分析老年器质性心脏病心律失常患者68例,记录胺碘酮治疗方案与疗效、甲状腺变化及随访干预措施情况。结果：老年人服用胺碘酮引起甲状腺疾病发生率为31．8％（22／68）,以甲状腺功能减退25．7％（18／68）为主,大致为甲状腺功能亢进（6．1％,4／68）的4倍。采用小剂量胺碘酮方案出现的甲状腺功能紊乱多数经过减量或停药逆转或恢复。结论：老年人服用胺碘酮甲状腺功能紊乱发生率高,但临床表现不典型,应更密切地监测甲状腺功能;甲状腺功能紊乱经胺碘酮及时减量或停药等措施多能逆转或恢复。     

左甲状腺素联合碘131对甲状腺功能亢进症患者甲状腺体积、TR-Ab和TPOAb水平的影响

目的:研究左甲状腺素联合碘131对甲状腺功能亢进症患者甲状腺体积、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(Thyrotropin receptor antibody,TR-Ab)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(Thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb)水平的影响。方法:选择2013年1月-2019年1月我院收治的68例甲状腺功能亢进症患者,随机分为两组。对照组使用小剂量(111～148 MBq)的碘131,观察组在碘131的基础上,联合服用左甲状腺素,每次12.5μg,每日1次,均治疗3个月后观察疗效及甲状腺体积、TR-Ab和TPOAb水平变化。结果:观察组治疗3个月后的有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗前,两组的甲状腺体积、TR-Ab和TPOAb水平无明显差异(P0.05),治疗后,两组的上述指标均明显降低(P0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗前,两组的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(Free triiodothyronine,FT3)、促甲状腺素(Thyroxine,TSH)和游离四碘甲状腺素(Free tetraiodothyroxine,FT4)水平无明显差异(P0.05),治疗后,两组的血清FT3和FT4水平明显降低(P0.05),血清TSH水平明显升高(P0.05),观察组更加明显(P0.05);治疗前,两组的血清甲状腺球蛋白(Thyroglobulin,Tg)和半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cysteine protease inhibitor C,Cys C)水平无明显差异(P0.05),治疗后,两组的血清Tg和Cys C水平明显降低(P0.05),观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:左甲状腺素联合碘131对甲状腺功能亢进症有确切的疗效,能有效阻碍甲状腺自身抗体产生,改善甲状腺功能,降低血清Tg和Cys C水平。     

碘131与他巴唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的临床疗效比较

目的:观察和比较碘131与他巴唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取2012年1月至2016年1月于我院确诊并治疗的甲状腺功能亢进患者282例,根据随机数字表法分为碘131治疗组和药物治疗组,碘131治疗组采用131I进行治疗,药物治疗组采用他巴唑口服治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后血清TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone,促甲状腺激素)、FT(free triiodothyronine,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸)、FT4(free thyroxine concentration assay,血清游离甲状腺素)水平及TRAb(TRAB thyrotropin receptor antibodies,促甲状腺激素受体抗体)阳性率的变化及治疗期间不良反应的发生情况(心功能、肝功能、肾功能、甲状腺功能下降、白细胞减少),并对患者进行6个月的随访,记录和比较患者甲亢复发情况。结果:治疗后,碘131治疗组的总有效率为92.9%,显著高于药物治疗组(64.5%,P0.05);两组患者血清TSH水平较治疗前显著升高,而血清FT3、FT4水平及TRAb阳性率均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且碘131治疗组血清TSH水平明显高于碘131治疗组,而血清FT3、FT4水平及TRAb阳性率明显低于碘131治疗组(P0.05);碘131治疗组复发率及总不良反应发生率均明显低于药物治疗组(P0.05)。结论:碘131对甲状腺功能亢进症的疗效优于他巴唑口服治疗,可明显增加血清TSH水平,降低血清FT3、FT4水平及TRAb阳性率,且患者复发率及不良反应发生率均较低。     

胺碘酮与厄贝沙坦联合治疗阵发性心房颤动的前瞻随机对照研究

目的:评价胺碘酮和厄贝沙坦联合治疗阵发性心房颤动维持窦性心律的长期疗效.方法:将110例阵发性房颤患者随机分为胺碘酮组(Ⅰ组,n=55)、胺碘酮+厄贝沙坦组(Ⅱ组,n=55),治疗随访时间为2年,研究的一级终点为房颤复发.比较两组治疗后的窦性心律维持率以及治疗前、治疗后6、12、18和24个月的左心房内径.结果:治疗12个月后,Ⅰ组左心房内径大于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).试验终点时,Ⅰ组的窦性心律维持率为58.18%(32/55),Ⅱ组为78.18%(43/55).持续性窦性心动过缓和QT间期≥0.5s的发生率两组间差异无统计学意义.结论:胺碘酮联合厄贝沙坦,治疗阵发性房颤维持窦性心律优于单用胺碘酮,并能抑制左心房的扩大.     

131I对男性甲状腺功能亢进症血清性激素及甲状腺球蛋白水平影响研究

目的:探讨~(131)I对男性甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清性激素及甲状腺球蛋白水平的影响。方法:收集我院收治的男性甲状腺功能亢进症患者74例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各37例,对照组患者给予他巴唑口服,20-30 mg/次,每日口服1次。实验组患者在对照组基础上给予~(131)I治疗。治疗结束后,检测并比较两组患者血清游离三碘甲状腺素(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、甲状腺球蛋白(TG)水平的变化以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者血清FT3、FT4、T、E2、TG水平均显著下降,TSH水平明显升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者血清FT3、FT4、T、E2、TG水平较低,TSH水平以及临床治疗有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:~(131)I能够显著降低男性甲状腺功能亢进症血清FT3、FT4、T、E2、TG水平,升高TSH水平,临床效果较好。     

南京社区人群甲状腺功能亢进症的患病率调查

目的：调查南京社区人群甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）的患病率。方法：随机抽取南京某社区的常驻居民1 540 例，分别测定该 人群的空腹血清三碘甲状腺游氨酸（FT3）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）的水平。结果：（1）南京社区人群临床甲亢 和亚临床甲亢的患病率分别为1.23%，1.62%。人群中临床甲亢知晓率15.8%。（2）临床甲亢、亚临床甲亢的患病率男女之间比较无 显著性差异（P>0.05）。（3）不论男女，临床甲亢和亚临床甲亢的患病率在不同年龄组间均无差异（P>0.05）。结论：南京社区人群甲 亢患病率较高，人群知晓率低，应注意早期诊治。     

胺碘酮治疗快速心律失常的效果观察

目的:观察对快速心律失常患者应用胺碘酮治疗的效果。方法:搜集2012年10月—2013年10月我院接收的快速心律失常44例患者,随机分为甲组和乙组。对甲组22例应用维拉帕米,对乙组22例应用胺碘酮。观察甲组和乙组的治疗效果,并对比。结果:乙组治疗有效率高于甲组,心率改善情况优于甲组,副作用的发生率低于甲组,差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胺碘酮治疗快速心律失常的效果较好,治疗有效率较好,副作用少,值得推广。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.