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1.
13种微藻的脂肪酸组成分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
分析了13种微藻(包括7种绿藻,5种杂色藻和1种红藻)的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成,结果表明,不同门类微藻的脂肪酸组成差异较大:绿藻的脂肪酸组成以C16和C18为主;杂色藻类的脂肪酸组成相近,金藻门含有14:0、16:0、18:1、18:4等特征脂肪酸,三角褐指藻主要的脂肪酸为14:0、16:0、16:1、16:3和20:5,而粉核油球藻的脂肪酸以14:0、16:0、20:5为主;紫球藻的脂肪酸组成以16:0、20:4和20:5为主。在测试的13种微藻中,杜氏盐藻的亚麻酸含量最高,占总脂肪酸的60.9%;等鞭金藻的十八碳四烯酸含量最高,占总脂肪酸的19.6%;紫球藻和粉核油球藻中花生四烯酸与二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量分别占总脂肪酸的17.1%和20.9%。 相似文献
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以BG11为基本培养液,研究了不同质量浓度NaNO3(37.5~1 875.0 mg·L-1)对微藻P9(Klebsormidium sp. )、TH6(Oedocladium sp. )和CF5(Stigonema sp. )生长及总脂肪酸含量和组成的影响.结果显示,调整(减少或增加)培养液中NaNO3的质量浓度,对3种微藻的生长量及总脂肪酸含量和脂肪酸组成均有一定的影响;NaNO3的质量浓度较低(37.5或75.0 mg·L-1),3种微藻的鲜质量随培养时间的延长呈先逐渐增加然后略有降低的趋势;而在NaNO3质量浓度为150.0~1 875.0 mg·L-1的条件下,在一定的培养时间(18~33 d)内,3种微藻的鲜质量均逐渐增加;总体上看,3种微藻的生长量随NaNO3质量浓度的提高呈现逐渐增加的趋势,但仅在含1 875.0 mg·L-1 NaNO3的培养液中3种微藻的生长量高于对照(1 500.0 mg·L-1NaNO3).在含375.0 mg·L-1NaNO3的培养液中培养33 d,微藻 P9的总脂肪酸含量最高(25.39%),是对照的 1.79 倍,软脂酸、亚油酸、油酸和硬脂酸的相对含量分别是对照的2.50、2.72、2.24和2.08倍;在含37.5 mg·L-1 NaNO3的培养液中培养33 d,微藻TH6的总脂肪酸含量最高(20.69%),是对照的 1.89倍,软脂酸、亚油酸和油酸的相对含量分别是对照的3.37、1.79和1.92倍;不同处理组间微藻CF5的总脂肪酸含量及组成有一定差异,但随着NaNO3质量浓度的提高变化趋势不明显.研究结果表明,适当提高培养液中的NaNO3浓度对微藻的生长有一定的促进作用,不同种类微藻适宜的NaNO3浓度有一定的差异.综合考虑生长量和总脂肪酸含量及脂肪酸组成等因素,确定适宜于微藻P9、TH6和CF5培养的NaNO3质量浓度分别为375.0、37.5和150.0 mg·L-1. 相似文献
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淡水驯化对桐花树光合生理特性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以实验地全光照条件下淡水和人工海水培养种植的桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)幼苗为材料,采用Li 6400光合测定仪对不同月份桐花树幼苗的光合生理生态特性日动态进行测定,研究了桐花树的光合生理生态特性。结果表明:在7、10月份桐花树的净光合速率日变化呈双峰型,均出现“光合午休”现象。在7月份人工海水组和淡水组的最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别为9.97和11.95 μmol·m-2·s-1;而10月份的Pmax分别为12.2和12.9 μmol·m-2·s-1。而且淡水驯化下,桐花树的净光合速率较人工海水组高。由光响应曲线可知,桐花树人工海水组的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和表观量子效率(AQY)分别为7 μmol·m-2·s-1,1 477 μmol·m-2·s-1,30 μmol·m-2·s-1,0.031 3;而淡水组为8.69 μmol·m-2·s-1,980 μmol·m-2·s-1,40 μmol·m-2·s-1,0.011。在所测的生理生态因子中,光合有效辐射和气孔导度是影响桐花树光合作用最为强烈的因子,与桐花树的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均有极显著的相关关系(p<0.01)。试验说明淡水驯化的桐花树对光强的利用范围变窄,但有较高的净光合速率,表明桐花树对淡水环境具有较强的适应性。 相似文献
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锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)低温环境下生理生化的变化对于理解其低温适应具有重要的意义。本研究中采用生物化学的方法对低温驯化下锯缘青蟹鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPX)的活性,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,4种ATPase(Na ,K -ATPase,Mg2 -ATPase,Ca2 -ATPase和Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATPase)活性及细胞膜脂肪酸组成进行测定。实验结果显示青蟹鳃中抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和GPX)活性在3个驯化温度下,随驯化温度的降低而升高。SOD活性在5℃和10℃驯化下显著高于对照组(27℃组)(p<0.01);CAT活性在3个驯化温度下均显著高于对照组(p<0.01或p<0.05);GPX活性仅5℃驯化下显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。MDA含量低温驯化下升高,但仅5℃驯化下显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。鳃中4种ATPase活性均是随驯化温度的降低而升高,并且5℃和10℃驯化下均显著高于对照组(p<0.01或p<0.05)。低温驯化下C18:0、C18:1、C18:2、C18:3、C20:5和C22:6等脂肪酸与对照组相比均发生显著性变化(p<0.01或p<0.05),饱和指数∑SFA/∑UFA显著下降(p<0.01或p<0.05)。低温驯化下锯缘青蟹鳃中抗氧酶及ATPase活性升高,说明其具有明显的温度补偿效应,它是对低温适应的一种积极反应。鳃中MDA低温驯化下积累是活性氧自由基未能被及时清除而产生氧化应激的结果。低温下细胞膜脂肪酸饱和指数降低是维持细胞膜执行正常生理功能的需要。 相似文献
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比较了3种海洋微藻:简单角刺藻(Chaetoceros simplex)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、扁藻(Platymonas sp.)和3种淡水微藻:蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquua)、极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:海洋微藻的饱和脂肪酸种类相对比淡水微藻多,前者的碳链长度在14碳到20碳之间,后者主要有C16:0和C18:0。二者单不饱和脂肪酸均是以C16:1ω7和C18:1ω9为主。多不饱和脂肪酸中,海洋微藻以二十碳五稀酸(EPA)和二十二碳六稀酸(DHA)为主,其中,绿色巴夫藻含有24.34%的EPA和11.48%的DHA,简单角刺藻含有13.24%的EPA;淡水微藻以18碳为主,其中,极大螺旋藻含有24.02%的γ-亚麻酸(GLA)。 相似文献
8.
14种微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成研究 总被引:55,自引:4,他引:55
比较分析了14种微藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成,结果表明:除小球藻、亚心形扁藻、极微小环藻、微绿球藻外,其他微藻的总脂含量均超过其干重的10%。每一纲的微藻脂肪酸组成都有各自特点,绿藻纲中16:0、16:1(n-7)、18:1(n-9)含量较高,但微绿球藻中16:1(n-7)、20:5(n-3)(EPA)含量远高于其他绿藻;金藻纲中含大量14:0、16:0、18:3(n-3)、22:6(n-3)(DHA);硅藻纲中14:0、16:0、16:1(n-7)、EPA含量较高;黄藻纲的异胶藻富含16:0、16:1(n-7)和EPA。 相似文献
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白色LED复合光谱对4种淡水微藻的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用光效高、耗能小的LED光谱作为光源培养微藻能够降低微藻培养的成本,促进微藻培养实现工业化。比较了6种已市场化的,具有不同光强、不同光谱组成的白色LED复合光谱(1号,光强2 162 lx;2号,光强2 227lx;3号,光强2 794 lx;4号,光强4 587 lx;5号,光强5 356 lx;6号,光强6 244 lx)对4种淡水微藻生长情况和叶绿素含量的影响。结果发现:四尾栅藻在5号光源下,有最大生物质质量浓度和比生长速率,分别为2.89 g/L和0.32g/(L·d)(以细胞干质量计);钝顶螺旋藻在4号光源下,有最大生物质质量浓度和比生长速率,分别为5.05 g/L和0.33 g/(L·d);布朗葡萄藻在6号光源下,有最大生物质质量浓度和比生长速率,分别为1.22 g/L和0.25g/(L·d);而集胞藻在光强较小的光源下生长较好,当光强为2 162 lx时,生物质质量浓度和比生长速率分别为3.05 g/L和0.22 g/(L·d)。在光强较低的情况下,光质的红蓝比对四尾栅藻和布朗葡萄藻的生长没有显著影响(p0.05);与蓝光相比,红光更利于集胞藻和钝顶螺旋藻的生长,分别在红蓝比(R/B)为11.7的1号光源和4号光源下有最大藻细胞密度3.05和5.05 g/L。四尾栅藻、钝顶螺旋藻和布朗葡萄藻的单位水体内叶绿素含量与比生长速率成正比,而单位质量干藻细胞内的叶绿素含量随光强的增大而有所降低。 相似文献
10.
不同浓度IAA对微藻TH6(Oedocladium sp.)生长及脂肪酸含量的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
研究了在BG11液体培养基中添加0.1~1.5 mg·L-1 IAA对微藻TH6(Oedocladium sp. )生长和脂肪酸含量的影响.结果表明,随培养时间的延长,微藻TH6的生长量逐渐增加;与对照相比,添加不同浓度IAA对微藻TH6的生长均有不同程度的促进作用,其中添加1.0 mg·L-1 IAA对微藻TH6生长的促进效果最佳,至培养第33天,微藻TH6的生长量比对照提高了44.34%.在培养基中添加IAA均能不同程度提高微藻TH6的总脂肪酸含量,当IAA 浓度为0.1、0.5、1.0和1.5 mg·L-1时,总脂肪酸含量分别是对照的2.09、2.13、2.41和1.73倍.IAA对微藻TH6中软脂酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸和油酸含量的影响作用不同.添加不同浓度IAA均能不同程度提高软脂酸的含量,当IAA浓度为1.0 mg·L-1时,软脂酸的相对含量最高,达到了28.62%;较高浓度的IAA(1.0和1.5 mg·L-1)能促进硬脂酸含量的提高, 低浓度IAA(0.1和0.5 mg·L-1)使硬脂酸含量降低;当IAA浓度为0.1~1.0 mg·L-1时,亚油酸含量较对照有不同程度提高;IAA对油酸含量的影响作用不明显.研究结果显示,含有1.0 mg·L-1 IAA的BG11液体培养基为微藻TH6的最佳液体培养基.在这一培养基中,微藻TH6的总脂肪酸含量最高,饱和及不饱和脂肪酸含量也较高,且微藻TH6生长量最大,可作为生物柴油资源进一步研究和开发. 相似文献
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Application of Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis salina and Enterobacter cloacae has been reported to improve the growth of multiple plant species. Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant found in Saudi Arabia. Its leaves, flowers and fruit have been used as food. Moringa oleifera is rich in rutin and gallic acid and many other bioactive compounds, which collectively contribute to its demonstrated range of pharmacological activities. In Saudi Arabia, the semi-arid and arid weather presents a significant challenge to agriculture. High salinity in cultivated land is a particular threat. We applied Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis salina, and Enterobacter cloacae at multiple salinities to Moringa oleifera to investigate their effects on the growth, yield, and photosynthetic pigment content. We also examined possible changes in the phytochemical composition. The application of Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis salina and Enterobacter cloacae enhanced plant growth and yield, while inhibition was observed at high (6000 ppm) salinity. The presence of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis salina altered plant growth and yield and rutin and gallic acid content of Moringa oleifera plants grown in saline conditions. Microalgae species were recommended for use as a bio-fertiliser alternative to mainstream synthetic fertilisers. 相似文献
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The effects of wavelengths of light-emitting diode (LED), nitrate concentration, and salt concentration were evaluated for the two-phase culture of the microalgal species Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Isochrysis galbana on cell growth and lipid production. Blue LEDs produced the highest biomass of P. tricornutum at a nitrate concentration of 8 mg/L, reaching 0.97 g dcw/L with a specific growth rate (μ) of 0.047 h−1, followed by I. galbana with 0.79 g dcw/L and μ = 0.040 h−1 and D. tertiolecta with 0.55 g dcw/L and μ = 0.028 h−1. Of the three microalgae, P. tricornutum had the highest specific growth rate of μmax = 0.070 h−1 and lowest saturation constant of Ks = 4.18 mg/L, resulting in fast cell growth. The highest lipid production was obtained under green LED wavelength stress on day 14, reaching 60.6% (w/w) of the dry cell weight among the three microalgae. The main fatty acids produced by the three microalgae were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidic acid (C20:0), which comprised 72.68%–84.16% (w/w) of the total fatty acids content under three stresses. 相似文献
13.
F. M. I. Natrah F. M. Yusoff M. Shariff F. Abas N. S. Mariana 《Journal of applied phycology》2007,19(6):711-718
Fourteen indigenous microalgal samples from Malaysia were isolated, purified and cultured from fresh, brackish and marine
waters. The ability of the microalgae to be natural sources of antioxidants was studied by a screening test using three antioxidant
chemical assays [ferric thiocyanate (FTC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and 1, 1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)]. The results
showed that six microalgal methanolic crude extracts (Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis tetrathele) were active in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. Among all the microalgae, I. galbana and C. calcitrans showed the highest antioxidant activity (>90%) in FTC and TBA assays, indicating that these microalgae might contain active
compounds for protection from lipid peroxidation. Nutritional analyses were performed on microalgae with high antioxidant
activities (I. galbana and C. calcitrans) in order to investigate their nutritive value. Both microalgae were found to be rich in nutrients. For examples, I. galbana had average percentage composition of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid, as 47.9 ± 2.5; 26.8 ± 0.2; 14.5 ± 1.4%, respectively,
while the corresponding values for C. calcitrans were 36.4 ± 1.7; 27.4 ± 3.0; 15.5 ± 0.9%. In addition, they contained high levels of omega-3 polyunsatrated fatty acids (PUFA)
(28.0% ± 0.7 in I. galbana and 28.5% ± 1.4 in C. calcitrans), omega-6 PUFA (6.5% ± 1.8 in I. galbana and 23.0% ± 2.5 in C. calcitrans) and a high composition of essential amino acids. This study illustrates that some microalgae such as I. galbana and C. calcitrans have the potential to be used as natural sources of antioxidants with high nutritional value.
Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Applied Phycology, Manila, Philippines. 相似文献
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由于鱼油资源短缺, 植物油在水产饲料中广泛使用。然而, 随之而来的鱼体脂肪异常沉积等问题也日益突出, 严重危害养殖鱼类健康。脂肪的沉积是一个复杂的过程, 主要包括脂肪的合成、转运和分解。到目前为止, 在鱼类中已经进行了大量关于植物油替代鱼油影响脂肪沉积的研究。但是, 这些研究主要集中于脂肪的合成和分解, 有关脂肪转运的研究十分缺乏。脂肪转运不仅是影响组织脂肪沉积的重要因素, 而且在机体脂稳态和能量平衡中起着重要作用。因此综述了鱼类脂蛋白的种类和组成, 鱼类对脂肪和脂肪酸的转运, 营养因素对脂肪和脂肪酸转运的影响, 指出了脂类转运研究的重要性和紧迫性, 并且提出了未来需要努力的方向。 相似文献
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Selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry: difficulties in practical discrimination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shigematsu Y Hirano S Hata I Tanaka Y Sudo M Tajima T Sakura N Yamaguchi S Takayanagi M 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2003,792(1):63-72
In a selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry, we tested the diagnostic ratios and acylcarnitine concentrations in sera or blood spots, which were reported to be specific to very long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. While the acylcarnitine profiles in the majority of these patients were typical in the respective disorders, some overlapping of the indices was observed between these patients and the infants, who showed symptoms mainly related to hypoglycemia but did not have the disorders mentioned above. Although the diagnostic ratio of tetradecenoylcarnitine to dodecanoylcarnitine for very long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency seemed to minimize the overlapping in this study, additional measures including careful assessment of clinical data and enzyme assays may be necessary for the diagnosis in atypical cases. 相似文献
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Maria Guitart Antonio L. Andreu Elena García-Arumi Paz Briones Ester Quintana Anna M. Gmez-Foix Celia García-Martínez 《Mitochondrion》2009,9(4):266-272
Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) has been previously immunolocalized in intracellular compartments. Here we show that FATP1 localizes to the mitochondria in cultured myotubes, by immunoblots of subcellular fractions and immunocytology of the fusion protein FATP1-GFP. FATP1 strongly stimulates CO2 production from glucose whereas nonmitochondrial metabolism of glucose is only slightly enhanced. FATP1 raises the activity and activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and the pyruvate decarboxylase PDH-E1 catalytic subunit, without changing E2, E3BP or E1alpha and increasing E1beta protein content. These data reveals the localization and points to a regulatory function of FATP1 in myotube mitochondria. 相似文献
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Nour Alsabeeh Bruno Chausse Pamela A. Kakimoto Alicia J. Kowaltowski Orian Shirihai 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids》2018,1863(2):143-151
High plasma levels of fatty acids occur in a variety of metabolic diseases. Cellular effects of fatty acid overload resulting in negative cellular responses (lipotoxicity) are often studied in vitro, in an attempt to understand mechanisms involved in these diseases. Fatty acids are poorly soluble, and thus usually studied when complexed to albumins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). The conjugation of fatty acids to albumin requires care pertaining to preparation of the solutions, effective free fatty acid concentrations, use of different fatty acid species, types of BSA, appropriate controls and ensuring cellular fatty acid uptake. This review discusses lipotoxicity models, the potential problems encountered when using these cellular models, as well as practical solutions for difficulties encountered. 相似文献