茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

采用高效液相色谱法对三个产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量进行了测定,该方法具有操作简便、样品无需预处理等特点,稳定性、重现性较好,回收率高,适合于茶叶多糖糖醛酸含量的测定。结果表明不同产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量有明显差异。本文同时研究了不同产地茶叶多糖对超氧自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用,以评价其抗氧化活性。结果发现不同产地茶叶多糖的抗氧化活性与其糖醛酸含量呈正相关,糖醛酸含量越高,其抗氧化能力越强。     

茶叶多糖及其药理作用研究进展

目前对茶叶多糖的药理作用研究日渐增多。综合起来有以下几方面:①防辐射效果;②抗凝血及抗血栓作用;③降血糖功效;④增强机体免疫能力;⑤降血压、耐缺氧及增加冠状动脉血流量等;⑥降脂作用。我国茶叶资源丰富,茶叶多糖的开发利用大有前途。     

茶叶多糖的抗氧化活性研究

从婺源粗老绿茶叶中提取纯化出了茶叶多糖,研究了它对超氧自由基、DPPH自由基的清除作用,以及对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系的抑制作用,以此来评价该多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,茶叶多糖对超氧自由基、DPPH自由基有较好的清除作用,而对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系也有较明显的抑制作用.     

山药多糖对大鼠糖尿病肾病的治疗作用

目的：探讨山药多糖治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病的作用。方法：将sD大鼠40只随机分为4组（n=10）：对照组、模型组、苯那普利组和山药多糖组。复制糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,实验第10周统一处死大鼠,测定大鼠肾重／体重、血糖（Bs）、血脂及肾功能。结果：山药多糖能显著降低肾重／体重、血糖（BS）和血脂,改善肾功能。结论：山药多糖具有治疗糖尿病肾病的作用。     

番石榴多糖对糖尿病小鼠的血糖及胸腺、脾指数的影响

研究采用两种不同方法提取的番石榴多糖对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病的小鼠血糖值及胸腺、脾指数的影响。通过给小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(200 mg/kg BW)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,尾端取血,采用血糖仪分别在给小鼠灌胃多糖三天和十天后检测小鼠血糖值,第十天解剖小鼠,分别对小鼠胸腺和脾脏称重。结果表明:与糖尿病对照组比较,两组灌喂番石榴多糖的小鼠的生存质量提高,血糖值显著降低,同时胸腺指数显著增加,提示番石榴多糖具有降血糖作用,是一种潜在的糖尿病治疗药物。     

猴头菌丝多糖降血糖作用研究

目的:研究猴头菌丝多糖的降血糖作用。方法:以液体发酵生产的猴头菌丝体为原料,经热水浸提、浓缩、酒精沉淀获得菌丝粗多糖;以常规降糖药物格列本脲为阳性治疗对照,通过四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠糖尿病的预防试验,比较猴头菌丝多糖各剂量与格列本脲的降血糖效果。结果:猴头菌丝多糖得率为7.14%,粗多糖再经Sevage法去除蛋白质,获得猴头菌丝精多糖(HMP),得率为10.92%;猴头多糖高、中、低三个剂量均能有效的对抗四氧嘧啶诱发的高血糖;其中,高剂量的降血糖作用与格列本脲相比,差异极显著。结论:猴头菌丝多糖对四氧嘧啶型高血糖模型小鼠有降血糖作用,作用效果优于格列本脲,对糖尿病小鼠的胰腺具有一定的保护作用。     

茶多糖对小鼠骨髓造血细胞及免疫细胞的影响

目的:研究茶叶多糖对小鼠骨髓造血细胞表面抗原表达以及脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响.方法:应用纳米生物技术、免疫学技术和现代细胞生物学研究技术观察了靶细胞表面分化抗原和小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性.结果:FACS检测显示茶多糖对CD4+CDI9+CD119+的表达均有促进作用,CD34+细胞随培养时间的延长逐渐减少,各组数值与对照组比,均有明显差异(p＜0.01).MTT结果显示,荼多糖诱导的各组小鼠脾淋巴细胞OD值也明显上升(P＜0.01).结论:茶多糖可促进骨髓造血干细胞向祖细胞分化并促进淋巴细胞的增殖,显示了对造血和免疫的正调节作用.此结果将为进一步开发茶叶的保健功能和治疗作用提供理论依据.     

马齿苋多糖抗糖尿病作用的实验研究

为了观察马齿苋多糖的抗糖尿病作用,本实验用四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病模型小鼠,观察了马齿苋多糖液灌胃后5、10和15 d的空腹血糖浓度的改变,以及糖负荷30、60、120 min后葡萄糖耐量变化.结果表明,马齿苋多糖可显著降低糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖和改善其糖耐量异常,且与处理浓度和时间呈正相关性.上述指标显示马齿苋多糖具有抗糖尿病作用.     

茶叶不同提取成分降血糖作用的研究与比较

目的:探讨茶多糖、茶多酚、茶色素对血糖的降低作用.方法:用链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病小鼠模型.提取茶多糖,茶多酚,茶色素,作用于糖尿病小鼠.通过葡萄糖氧化酶法(GOD-POD)测定血糖含量,研究并比较各成分的降血糖作用.结果:茶多酚,茶色素具有明显的降血糖作用,茶多糖的降血糖作用不明显.结论:茶多糖,茶多酚,茶色素均具有降血糖的作用.     

灵芝多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠模型的治疗作用

目的:研究灵芝多糖对链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠降糖降脂作用.方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养4周后,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,分组给予不同剂量灵芝多糖4周,观察血糖及血生化指标.结果:灵芝多糖三个剂量组降糖作用显著,随着剂量增大,降糖作用增强,且均能显著降低胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白;与阳性对照药物相比,灵芝多糖各剂量组降低血脂作用均弱于格列本脲.结论:灵芝多糖对STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠有一定的降低血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯作用.     

Aggregation dependent enhancement of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is one of the key subunits of the trehalose synthase complex, responsible for synthesis of trehalose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Different laboratories have tried to purify TPS, but have been unable to separate it from the complex. During the present study, active TPS has been isolated from the trehalose synthase complex as a free 59kDa protein. A 158 fold purification was achieved with over 84% recovery of active TPS. N-terminal sequence confirmed the 59kDa protein to be TPS. It was revealed to be a highly hydrophobic protein by amino acid analysis data. Activity of TPS was identified to be governed by association–dissociation of protein components. TPS activity of the isolated enzyme was highly unstable due to dissociation of the protein from the complex. Aggregation of active molecules was also seen to enhance as well as stabilize enzyme activity. This aggregation was concentration dependent and activity was seen to be enhanced by increasing the number of active molecules and fell with dilution. The association of the active complex was also found to be governed by ionic interactions.     

Aggregation dependent enhancement of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is one of the key subunits of the trehalose synthase complex, responsible for synthesis of trehalose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Different laboratories have tried to purify TPS, but have been unable to separate it from the complex. During the present study, active TPS has been isolated from the trehalose synthase complex as a free 59 kDa protein. A 158 fold purification was achieved with over 84% recovery of active TPS. N-terminal sequence confirmed the 59 kDa protein to be TPS. It was revealed to be a highly hydrophobic protein by amino acid analysis data. Activity of TPS was identified to be governed by association-dissociation of protein components. TPS activity of the isolated enzyme was highly unstable due to dissociation of the protein from the complex. Aggregation of active molecules was also seen to enhance as well as stabilize enzyme activity. This aggregation was concentration dependent and activity was seen to be enhanced by increasing the number of active molecules and fell with dilution. The association of the active complex was also found to be governed by ionic interactions.     

Antioxidant activities potential of tea polysaccharide fractions obtained by ultra filtration

Three polysaccharide fractions (TPS1, TPS2 and TPS3) with different molecular weights were obtained using ultra filtration membranes from crude tea polysaccharide (CTPS) extracted from abandoned lower grade tea leaves. Each fraction contained different contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, protein, and total polyphenols. These differences provided basis for the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of these polysaccharide fractions. The molecular weights of TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3 were around 2.40×10(5) Da, 2.14×10(4) Da, and 2.46×10(3) Da, respectively. In general, TPS1 and CTPS had stronger antioxidant activity, TPS2 and TPS3 had lower antioxidant activity. TPS1 had higher activity for DPPH and lipid per oxidation inhibition. But it had lower capacity for reducing power and metal chelating. This might be due to its higher content of hexuronic acid and larger molecular weight. The order of inhibition activity of lipid per oxidation of various polysaccharide fractions was the same as DPPH radical scavenging activity, as well as the order of metal chelating activity of various polysaccharide fractions similar to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, which demonstrated that hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of polysaccharide relied heavily on the Fe(2+) metal chelating to decrease the generation of hydroxyl radical.     

Extensive expression regulation and lack of heterologous enzymatic activity of the Class II trehalose metabolism proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana

Trehalose metabolism has profound effects on plant growth and metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. In Arabidopsis , 21 putative trehalose biosynthesis genes are classified in three subfamilies based on their similarity with yeast TPS1 (encoding a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, TPS) or TPS2 (encoding a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, TPP). Although TPS1 (Class I) and TPPA and TPPB (Class III) proteins have established TPS and TPP activity, respectively, the function of the Class II proteins (AtTPS5-AtTPS11) remains elusive. A complete set of promoter- β -glucurinidase/green fluorescent protein reporters demonstrates their remarkably differential tissue-specific expression and responsiveness to carbon availability and hormones. Heterologous expression in yeast furthermore suggests that none of the encoded enzymes displays significant TPS or TPP activity, consistent with a regulatory rather than metabolic function for this remarkable class of proteins.     

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase complex from bakers' yeast: purification of a proteolytically activated form.

A protein of about 800 kDa with trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) activity was purified from bakers' yeast. This TPS/P complex contained 57, 86 and 93 kDa polypeptides. The 86 and 93 kDa polypeptides both appeared to be derived from a polypeptide of at least 115 kDa in the native enzyme. A TPS-activator (a dimer of 58 kDa subunits) was also purified. It decreased the Michaelis constants for both UDP-glucose (three-fold) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) (4.5-fold), and increased TPS activity at 5 mM-UDP-glucose/10 mM-G6P about three-fold. It did not affect TPP activity. The purification of TPS/P included an endogenous proteolytic step that increased TPS activity about three-fold and abolished its requirement for TPS-activator, but did not change TPP activity. This activation was accompanied by a decrease of some 20 kDa in the molecular mass of a cluster of SDS-PAGE bands at about 115 kDa recognized by antiserum to pure TPS/P, but by no change in the 57 kDa band. Phosphate inhibited TPS activity (Ki about 5 mM), but increased TPP activity about six-fold (Ka about 4 mM). Phosphate (6 mM) stimulated the synthesis of trehalose from G6P and UDP-glucose and decreased the accumulation of trehalose 6-phosphate.     

Chemical compositions and bioactivities of crude polysaccharides from tea leaves beyond their useful date

The chemical compositions and bioactivities of crude tea polysaccharides (TPS) from the out-of-date tea leaves (beyond their useful date), namely Xihu Longjing (XTPS), Anxi Tieguanyin (TTPS), Chawentianxia (CTPS) and Huizhoulvcha (HTPS), in market were investigated. These TPS showed similar neutral sugar content and different distribution of molecular weight (1-800 kD). These crude TPS were mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, and galacturonic acid. IR spectra confirmed that these crude TPS were composed of polysaccharide, protein and uronic acids. These TPS showed similar DPPH scavenging activity and exhibited lower DPPH scavenging activities than Vc within 25-200 μg/mL. However, these TPS with higher concentrations (200-400 μg/mL) showed similar DPPH scavenging activity with Vc. HTPS exhibited significant higher superoxide anion scavenging activity than others TPS and gallic acid. XTPS showed significant higher inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase with inhibitory percentages of 64.35% and 82.24% than others TPS. TTPS, XTPS, and HTPS exhibited similar inhibition ability on α-d-glucosidase and α-amylase. The overdue tea leaves can be a resource of tea polysaccharides as function food.     

Enhanced thermotolerance for ethanol fermentation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> strain by overexpression of the gene coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase

The effect of overexpression of the trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase gene (TPS1) on ethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied at 30 and 38°C. The activity of T6P synthase and the accumulation of trehalose during ethanol fermentation were significantly improved by overexpression of TPS1, and especially at 38°C. Ethanol produced by transformants with and without TPS1 gene overexpression at 38°C was approx. 60 and 37 g/l, respectively. The fermentation efficiency of transformants with TPS1 gene overexpression at 38°C was similar to that at 30°C. The critical growth temperature was increased from 36 to 42°C by TPS1 gene overexpression. These results indicated that overexpression of the TPS1 gene had a beneficial effect on the fermentation capacity of the title yeast strain at high temperatures.     

Studies on substrate specificity and activity regulating factors of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Purified trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was effective over a wide range of substrates, although differing with regard to their relative activity. Polyanions heparin and chondroitin sulfate were seen to stimulate TPS activity, particularly when a pyrimidine glucose nucleotide like UDPG was used, rather than a purine glucose nucleotide like GDPG. A high V_max and a low K_m value of UDPG show its greater affinity with TPS than GDPG or TDPG. Among the glucosyl acceptors TPS showed maximum activity with G-6-P which was followed by M-6-P and F-6-P. Effect of heparin was also extended to the purification of TPS activity, as it helped to retain both stability and activity of the final purified enzyme. Metal co-factors, specifically MnCl₂ and ZnCl₂ acted as stimulators, while enzyme inhibitors had very little effect on TPS activity. Metal chelators like CDTA, EGTA stimulated enzyme activity by chelation of metal inhibitors. Temperature and pH optima of the purified enzyme were determined to be 40 °C and pH 8.5 respectively. Enzyme activity was stable at 0–40 °C and at alkaline pH.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase from Dunaliella viridis

Dunaliella is a group of green algae with exceptional stress tolerance capability, and is considered as an important model organism for stress tolerance study. Here we cloned a TPS (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase) gene from Dunaliella viridis and designated it as DvTPS (D. viridis trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase).The DvTPS cDNA contained an ORF of 2793?bp encoding 930?aa. DvTPS had both TPS and TPP domain and belonged to the Group II TPS/TPP fusion gene family. Southern blots showed it has a single copy in the genome. Genome sequence analysis revealed that it has 18 exons and 17 introns. DvTPS had a constitutive high expression level under various NaCl culture conditions, however, could be induced by salt shock. Promoter analysis indicated there were ten STREs (stress response element) in its promoter region, giving a possible explanation of its inducible expression pattern upon salt shock. Yeast functional complementation analysis showed that DvTPS had neither TPS nor TPP activity. However, DvTPS could improve the salt tolerance of yeast salt sensitive mutant G19. Our results indicated that despite DvTPS showed significant similarity with TPS/TPP, its real biological function is still remained to be revealed.