共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
通过半定量评价法,对81种石灰岩珍稀濒危植物迁移到桂林植物园酸性土壤上的适应性进行了研究。结果表明:适应的占54%,基本适应的占27%,欠适应的占11%,不适应的占8%。引种的大部分石灰岩珍稀濒危植物能够适应或基本适应桂林植物园的生境条件,而在不能较好地适应迁移地生境的物种中,小部分是由于土壤因素的影响,其余则是因气候条件的差异所致。 相似文献
2.
3.
濒危植物的区系性质与迁地保护 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对昆明植物园迁地保护的濒危植物的适应性进行了观察总结,并讨论了濒危植物的区系性质与其对迁地保护区适应性的关系。原产云南中部和东南部的濒危植物对迁地保护区的环境有较强的适应性。大部分种类都能正常生长、开花和结果。广布种一般比分布区狭窄种有更强的适应能力。冬季低温制约着一些濒危植物在迁地保护区的生存。而冬春季节干旱制约高山种类的生存。一些种类虽生长、开花正常,但因其传粉媒介的缺乏而不结实。因物种的生理生态特性的差异,即使具有相同区系性质的不同种类也具有不同的适应性。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
四川省珍稀濒危植物及其保护 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
四川省由于受第四纪冰川影响相对较小而成为许多古老,特有,珍稀植物的“避难所”,被誉为珍稀植物的“摇篮”。综合《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》(第一册)和《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(第一批),四川有珍稀濒危植物105种(计54科83属),其中多数种起源古老,单种科,单种属和少种属占较大比例,特有植物丰富,并且绝大多数具有重要的经济价值或在系统发育研究中具有重要意义,在分析四川珍稀濒危植物致濒机制的基础上,进一步提出了保护对策,即:传统保护与 拯救性保护相结合,加强宣传教育和研究工作并切实减少人为破坏活动。 相似文献
7.
8.
随着人类活动和全球气候变化的加剧,生物物种正在加速灭绝。植物迁地保护是植物多样性保护的重要方式,也是国家植物园体系建设的核心任务。然而,有关植物迁地保护、珍稀濒危植物的概念和范围,以及我国植物迁地保护的目标等问题仍然存在争议。该文论述了植物迁地保护的概念和我国珍稀濒危植物的界定范围,讨论了最新《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷(2020)》中受威胁种类、国家重点保护野生植物和极小种群野生植物之间的关系,以及我国植物迁地保护的任务和目标,剖析了当前我国植物迁地保护有效性、迁地保护物种的信息档案记录,以及国家植物园体系建设与管理等方面存在的问题,并提出了具体的建议。该文可为我国植物迁地保护提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
石山稀有濒危植物在迁地保护后的性状变异 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文对比研究了7种石山稀有濒危植物在石灰岩土壤以及迁移到酸性土壤后的外形特征,生长发育习性及化学元素含量,结果表明,7种石山稀有濒危植物迁移到酸性土壤后发生了以下变化:1)外形变化主要表现为叶片变大变薄,有的植物种子或叶形有变化;2)迁移后开花,结实,落叶期晚1周以上,在气候条件相同的地区,营养生长期没有变化;3)植物体内的化学元素N,Zn,B,Al的含量增加20%以上,而Ca含量减少10%;4)Al的含量虽增加很多,但仍远低于酸性土壤中的植物;Ca的含量虽然减少,但仍高于酸性土壤植物;5)元素K,B的生物吸收系数在石灰岩土壤高于酸性土壤,其他元素N,P,Ca,Mg,Fe,Al,Mn,Zn的生物吸收系数则是酸性土壤高于石灰岩土壤。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
Micropropagation was assessed as an ex situ conservation strategy for the endangered Australian plant Pimelea spicata (Thymelaeaceae). Although regeneration of this species was achieved, several physiological problems were observed and examined. Explants of P. spicata had a higher multiplication rate on MS medium, than on ½ MS, but there was a significantly higher percentage of necrotic shoot tips on the higher salt medium. Increasing calcium concentration and gas exchange exacerbated shoot-tip necrosis. A number of hyperhydrated shoots were produced in all treatments, the cause of which could not be determined, although less hyperhydicity was observed in the ½ MS treatment. Shoots, rooted in vitro on ½ MS in the absence of plant growth regulators, were successfully acclimatised to greenhouse conditions, while direct rooting of microshoots using IBA gel treatment proved unsuccessful. This is the first report of tissue culture propagation of this endangered species. 相似文献
14.
The need for information on the reproductive physiology of different wildlife species is important for ex situ conservation using such methods as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Information on species reproductive physiology and evaluation of sperm quality using accurate, objective, repeatable methods, such as computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) for ex situ conservation has become a priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate motility patterns of antelope epididymal spermatozoa incubated for 4 h under conditions that support bovine IVF using CASA. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were collected postmortem from testicles of springbok (N = 38), impala (N = 26), and blesbok (N = 42), and cryopreserved in biladyl containing 7% glycerol. Spermatozoa were thawed and incubated in Capacitation media and modified Tyrode lactate (m-TL) IVF media using a protocol developed for domestic cattle IVF. The study evaluates 14 motility characteristics of the antelope epididymal sperm at six time points using CASA. Species differences in CASA parameters evaluated under similar conditions were observed. Several differences in individual motility parameters at the time points were reported for each species. Epididymal sperm of the different antelope species responded differently to capacitation agents exhibiting variations in hyperactivity. Motility parameters that describe the vigor of sperm decreased over time. Spermatozoa from the different antelope species have different physiological and optimal capacitation and in vitro culture requirements. The interspecies comparison of kinematic parameters of spermatozoa between the antelopes over several end points contributes to comparative sperm physiology which forms an important step in the development of species specific assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) for ex situ conservation of these species. 相似文献
15.
香港珍稀濒危植物的分布及保育 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在第一批共388种中国重点保护的珍稀濒危植物中,有14种分布于香港特别行政区。其中蕨类植物2种,裸子植物2种,被子植物10种。此14种珍稀濒危植物,除了狭叶瓶尔小草外,亦分布于广东省。而其中被列为国家级渐危种类的土沉香及白桂木,在香港则较为常见。本文阐述了此14种珍稀濒危植物在香港的分布情况及其保育工作。 相似文献
16.
中国1,334种兰科植物就地保护状况评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者通过对中国543个自然保护区内兰科植物数据的分析,对我国1,334种兰科植物的就地保护状况进行了逐一评价。我们根据有记录分布保护区的数量,通过专家咨询的方式,将兰科植物就地保护水平划分为"有效保护"、"较好保护"、"一般保护"、"较少保护"、"保护状况不明"和"未予评价"6个等级。结果发现:有676种兰科植物在自然保护区内得到了不同程度的就地保护,占所评价兰科植物总数的51.9%;但有626种兰科植物保护状况不明,尚未受到就地保护,占总数的46.9%。另外有32种仅分布在香港、澳门和台湾地区,本研究中未予评价,约占总数的2.4%。根据评价结果,就兰科植物就地保护中存在的基础调查不足、受关注程度低、受保护率低等问题进行了深入的讨论,提出5条有针对性的建议对策:(1)加强兰科植物的调查监测;(2)提高兰科植物的保护级别与受关注程度;(3)进一步完善兰科自然保护区建设;(4)规范自然保护区综合科学考察;(5)定期评价我国兰科植物保护成效。 相似文献
17.
陈成斌 《植物遗传资源学报》2002,3(3):53-57
我国野生稻资源丰富,分布地域广阔,由于经济建设用地需要,近年来野生稻原生地遭到严重破坏,野生稻原生境保存已是十分紧迫的事情。本文论述了原生境保存的意义,原生境保存地的选择原则及设想,旨在提高全民生态保护意识,加强野生稻资源保护。 相似文献
18.
Rosas KG Pérez-Buitrago N Acevedo JP Martínez N Funk SM McMillan WO 《Molecular ecology resources》2008,8(4):825-827
We isolated and characterized 11 microsatellite loci in the Mona Island iguana (Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri). Eleven loci exhibit moderate to high allelic diversity (two to 12 alleles, mean = 4.5) and polymorphism (mean observed heterozygosity, 0.56; range, 0.26 to 0.78) in 41 adults. This marker set has low probability of identity and high parentage exclusion power and will be suitable for studies of paternity, social organization and relatedness in this species. 相似文献
19.
Sarah A. M. Pierson Carolyn H. Keiffer Brian C. McCarthy Steven H. Rogstad 《Restoration Ecology》2007,15(3):420-429
In restoring species, reasons for introducing limited numbers of individuals at different locations include costs of introduction and maintenance, limited founder supply, and risk “bet hedging.” However, populations initiated from few founders may experience increased genetic drift, inbreeding, and diversity loss. We examined the genetic diversity of an isolated stand of more than 5,000 American chestnut trees relative to that of the 9 surviving stand founders (out of 10 total) planted in the 1880s. We used minisatellite DNA probes to reveal 84 genetic markers (circa 24 loci) among the nine founders, and their genetic diversity was compared with three separate plots of descendant trees, as well as with two natural stands. The descendants were circa 7.3% more heterozygous than the founders (mean estimated H= 0.556 vs. 0.518, respectively; p < 0.0001). Genetic differentiation was not pronounced (FST < 0.031), and no markers, including those at low frequency among the founders, were lost in the descendants. The founders and natural transects were not significantly different in H or similarity (mean proportion of bands shared). Special planting or mating protocols for establishment of a vigorous American chestnut population from a low number of founders may not be required to avoid strong effects of genetic drift and inbreeding. These results demonstrate that loss of genetic diversity following reintroduction of a limited number of founders is not always inevitable, such as this case where the species is highly outcrossing, expression of heterozygous advantage may occur, the original founders remain as gene contributors over generations, and the establishing population expands constantly and rapidly. 相似文献
20.
为了使广东省的兰科植物及其遗传多样性得到有效的保育, 保存我国重要野生植物资源, 在2017-2019年间, 采用样线和样地相结合的调查手段、专家快速评估和野外调查相结合的评估技术以及Wilcoxon符号秩检验和Friedman检验的统计方法, 对广东省自然分布的兰科植物进行了全面的调查和濒危等级评估, 并对其在广东省自然保护区中的就地保育情况和全国植物园中的迁地保育情况进行了综合分析。结果表明, 广东省分布有兰科植物80属235种, 其中广东特有种20种; 广东兰科植物受威胁物种有186种, 其中极危11种、濒危114种、易危61种; 就地保育的兰科植物有111种, 迁地保育的兰科植物有156种, 就地和迁地共同保育的兰科植物有96种, 保育的有效程度较低; 另外, 就地、迁地、就地和迁地共同保育的兰科植物之间没有体现出明显的差异, 保育工作缺乏选择性和针对性。基于此, 我们建议广东兰科植物的保育工作应重视基础数据的收集和持续的野外监测、提高保育物种的数量、优化迁地保育物种的选择性和针对性、完善迁地保育和就地保育之间的协同性, 同时也应重视立法和公众教育, 并构建广东兰科植物保育的网络系统。 相似文献