中国角蝉科耳角蝉属一新种(半翅目:角蝉科)

本文记述了中国角蝉科耳角蝉属1新种——未来耳角蝉Maurya dreamonia,sp．nov．模式标本保存于四川大学生命科学学院动物标本馆。 未来耳角蝉Maurya dreamonia Zeng,新种 体中型,体长6．5mm,褐色,肩角间宽2．5mm,上肩角间宽3．2mm。近似于脊顶耳角蝉M．verticicarinalis Yuan,1988和瘤耳角蝉Mparadoxa（Lethierry,1876）,新种最显著特征在于上肩角发达,无弯曲,直伸向外上方：后突起中部更为拱起。与脊顶耳角蝉相比,新种前翅翅脉还具有小瘤结颗粒。 正模：♀,四川卧龙自然保护区（1980m）,2004-Ⅶ-06,曾昱采。     

钩冠角蝉属的变异及分类研究（同翅目：角蝉科）

通过研究,作者认为钩冠角蝉属Hypsolyrium的前胸背板前角突形状在同种个体间变异很大,不能作为种鉴别的主要特征。作者通过对雄性外生殖器、头部额唇基端部形状、两单眼间距离、前胸背板齿的有无、后突起长度、雌性翅的形状等特征的观察,对钩冠角蝉属进行了分类研究,记述了本属所有已知种类——全世界共知7种,其中包括3新种,即乌桕钩冠角蝉H.sapium,油桐钩冠角蝉H.aleurites, 江西钩冠角蝉H.jangxiensis,制作了分种检索表。并应用Farris-Wagner数值分析法对7个种的系统发育进行了分析,绘制了系统发育支序图。     

中国雅角蝉属一新种：同翅目：角蝉科

中国雅角蝉属一新种（同翅目：角蝉科）袁锋,范骁凌（西北农业大学昆虫研究所陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）本文记述了采自云南勐腊、勐养雅角蝉属ＣｅｎｔｒｏｃｈａｒｅｓＳｔｌ１新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。花翅雅角蝉Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｃｈａｒｅｓｐｏｒ...     

隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae在中国的发现及一新种记述：同翅目：角蝉科

中国记录的角蝉原只属于露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae。在对1991年从云南采集的角蝉标本的鉴定中,我们发现在我国有另一个亚科——隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae的种类分布。本文报导了这一新记录亚科,并记述该亚科一新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。 隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae,中国新记录亚科 该亚科于1929年由Haupt所建立,识别特征是小盾片完全被前胸背板所遮盖,前胸背板下缘和中胸前侧片下方各有一个向下后方伸出的齿突。大多种类分布于非洲,仅少数种类分布于亚洲和澳洲。 隐盾角蝉属Oxyrhachis Germar,中国新记录属 根据Capener(1962)的意见,隐盾角蝉亚科仅包括一个属——隐盾角蝉属Oxyrhachis Germar,该属的异名有Oxyrhachidia Melichar(1903),Xiphistes Stal(1866),Gongroneura Jacobi(1910),Xiphistoides Goding(1931),Kombazana Distant(1908)。中华隐盾角蝉Oxyrhachis sinensis,新种(图1-10) 体中型,雄虫较雌虫体小,体长5.7-6.5mm,上肩角顶端间宽2.6—3.5mm,肩角间宽2.3-2.6mm,红褐色。外形很近似于分布在印度、南非等地的Oxyrhachis tarandus(Fabricius),但区别在于:①成虫的上肩角比较上举,后突起不伸出前翅臀角;②若虫头顶突粗壮,前胸背板前突起顶端钝;③雄虫细胞减数分裂中期X染色体     

弧角蝉族二新属四新种（同翅目：角蝉科）

弧角蝉族二新属四新种（同翅目：角蝉科）袁锋,田润刚（陕西省杨陵区西北农业大学昆虫研究所,陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）关键词角蝉科,弧角蝉族,新属,新种,中国①国家自然科学基金资助项目ＴＷＯＮＥＷＧＥＮＥＲＡＡＮＤＦＯＵＲＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＬＥＰＴ...     

三刺角蝉族Tricentrini系统学研究I.三刺角蝉属Tricenlrus中国八新种(同翅目: 角蝉科: 露盾角蝉亚科)

本文讨论了三刺角蝉族ＴｒｉｃｅｎｔｒｉｎｉＡｈｍａｄｅｔＹａｓｍｅｅｎ,１９７４特征及所辖４个属的关系,认为秃角蝉属ＣｅｎｔｒｏｔｏｓｃｅｌｕｓＦｒｎｋｈｏｕｓｅｒ,１９１４为其中一独立属。记述了三刺角蝉属Ｔｒｉｃｅｎｔｒｕｓ中国８个新种：胡颓子三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｅｌａｅａｇｎｉ,茶树三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｃａｍｅｌｉａｅ,马桑三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｃｏｒｉａｒｉａｅ,驼背三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｄｏｒｓｏｃａｍｅｌｏｉｄｅｕｓ,肖融瓣三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｃｏｌｉｇａｔｏｃｌｙｐｅｉｄｅｓ,油茶三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｃａｍｅｌｏｌｅｆｅｒ,半透翅三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｓｅｍｉｐｅｌｕｃｉｄｕｓ,以及铁刀木三刺角蝉Ｔ．ｃａｅｓａｌｐｉｎｉａｅ。它们的共同特征是：额唇基的中、侧瓣融合;雌性第９腹节背板的后上角管状。模式标本均保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆     

中国无齿角蝉属三新种：同翅目：角蝉科

西方记述无齿角蝉属ＮｏｎｄｅｎｔｉｃｅｎｔｒｕｓＹｕａｎｅｔＣｈｏｕ３新种,即：拟黑无齿角蝉Ｎ．ｐａｒａｍｅｌａｎｉｃｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ     

中国灯叶蝉属一新种记述（同翅目：叶蝉科：角顶叶蝉亚科）

灯叶蝉属Lamprotettix 隶属于角顶叶蝉亚科Deltocephalinae 圆冠叶蝉族Athysanini,由Ribaut 以Cicada octopunctata Schrank 为模式种建立。Ossiannilsson (1947) 和Ribaut (1952)确认 Lamprotettix splendidulus (Fabricius, 1803)和L. octopunctata (Schrank, 1796)是 L. nitidula (Fabricius, 1787) 的异名。该属目前仅知1种 L. nitidula (Fabricius)。本文记述采自我国云南的1新种 云南灯叶蝉L. yunnanensis, sp. nov.,至此,该属全世界已知2种,我国均有分布。新种模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。 云南灯叶蝉Lamprotettix yunnanensis, 新种（图1～10） 　　新种与Lamprotettix nitidulus (Fabricius, 1787) 相似,但本新种尾节后背缘无三角形突起,阳茎端部仅有1对伸向体前方的突起,不同于后者。 　　正模♂,云南大理苍山,2400m,1999-Ⅺ-12,秦道正采;副模1♀,同正模。     

无齿角蝉属四新种记述(同翅目:角蝉科)

本文记述无齿角蝉属ＮｏｎｄｅｎｔｉｃｅｎｔｒｕｓＹｕａｎｅｔＣｈｏｕ４新种,即：秦岭无齿角蝉Ｎ．ｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,长角无齿角蝉Ｎ．ｌｏｎｇｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,金黄无齿角蝉Ｎ．ａｕｒｅｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,和亮斑无齿角蝉Ｎ．ｆｕｌｇｉｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

片角蝉

<正>角蝉科(Membracidae)虽然多为小到中型的昆虫,但却因其外形独特受到了世界各地昆虫学家和爱好者的青睐。几乎所有的角蝉都可以称得上是"奇葩",它们的头顶通常有向上的突起;前胸背板也特别发达,向后延伸形成后突起,盖住小盾片、腹部一部分或者全部,常有背突、前突或侧突等。     

Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Leafhoppers from 16 New World genera currently placed in the tribes Proconiini (13) and Cicadellini (2) of the subfamily Cicadellinae, in the subfamily Phereurhininae (1), and one undescribed genus exhibit a suite of morphological specializations associated with a unique type of maternal care. The females produce a specific type of brochosomes (secretory particles manufactured in the Malpighian tubules of most leafhoppers and usually forming a non‐sex‐specific hydrophobic coating of the integument), which they store prior to oviposition on their forewings in the form of pellets and then apply as a powdery coating to the egg clusters placed under the epidermis of leaves or, in one genus, exposed. The function of the brochosome coating is unknown, but may include protection of eggs against parasitoids and pathogens, and facilitating gas exchange. Observations on several species from the genera Phera, Homalodisca, Oncometopia, Quichira, Cuerna, and the undescribed genus are reported, complementing scanty existing data on this behaviour. Its taxonomic occurrence is described for the first time based on study of collections, where ready‐to‐oviposit females are occasionally preserved with pellets of brochosomes on their forewings. A comprehensive survey of associated female‐specific structural modifications is presented based on examination of c. 80 predominantly Neotropical species. These modifications include (1) production of modified brochosomes (2) modified setation of the forewing area upon which pellets of such brochosomes are placed, and (3) elongation of the metathoracic tibial macrosetae, which transfer the brochosomes onto the egg nest. The traits are absent or rudimentary in males. The specialized brochosomes display remarkable interspecific diversity and can be used for taxonomic identification of eggs. Egg‐powdering apparently has evolved as a modification of the anointing and grooming behaviours involved in making coatings of integumental brochosomes in most leafhoppers. Morphological similarity, extending to characters not related to oviposition, suggests that all genera containing ‘powdering’ species may form a single lineage, but this hypothesis yet needs to be tested by phylogenetic analyses. Several such genera include species displaying powdering‐associated traits and species lacking these, suggesting multiple independent losses or origins of powdering. This peculiar kind of maternal care provides an interesting model for study of the evolution of novel functional complexes of traits. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 140 , 353–381.     

Brochosome influence on parasitisation efficiency of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg masses by Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

Abstract. 1. Many cicadellid females in the tribe Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) cover their egg masses with specialised, usually rod‐shaped, brochosomes as the eggs are being laid. The brochosomes are produced in Golgi complexes in the Malpighian tubules of Cicadellidae. In contrast to the gravid females, adult males, pre‐reproductive adult females, and nymphal males and females produce specialised, usually spherically shaped brochosomes. Brochosomes are also used to cover the external surfaces of nymphs and newly moulted adult males and females. 2. The function of the brochosome covering the egg masses is unknown but various hypotheses have been suggested, including protecting the eggs against pathogens, predators, and parasitoids. Based on preliminary observations of Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitising the eggs of the cicadellid, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), it is speculated here that brochosomes covering an egg mass hinder parasitisation of eggs by G. ashmeadi. This hypothesis was tested by observing G. ashmeadi females foraging on leaves with H. coagulata egg masses heavily covered with rod‐shaped brochosomes vs. those lacking brochosomes. 3. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the probability, per unit time, that a female G. ashmeadi displayed the sequence of behaviours that ended in successful oviposition as influenced by five variables: (a) presence or absence of brochosomes on an egg mass, (b) the leaf surface, upper or lower, being searched by the parasitoid (the egg masses are laid in the parenchyma on the lower leaf surface), (c) the parasitoid's previous ovipositional experience, (d) egg mass size, and (e) the parasitoid's age. 4. Brochosomes significantly decreased oviposition efficacy of G. ashmeadi females. Scanning electron microscopy showed that females exposed to brochosome‐covered egg masses had brochosomes adhering to their tarsi, legs, antennae, and eyes, all of which prompted extensive bouts of grooming.     

Secretion of brochosomes during the ontogenesis of a leafhopper, Oncometopia orbona (F.) (Insecta, Homoptera, Cicadellidae)

Secretion of brochosomes, intricately structured symmetrical protein-lipid particles produced in the specialized Malpighian tubules of the Cicadellidae, was studied during the ontogenesis of Oncometopia orbona (F.). Unlike most other cicadellids, O. orbona displays sexual dimorphism in the production of brochosomes. The Malpighian tubule secretory cells of nymphs, males and young females produce spherical brochosomes of 0.3-1.4 microm in diameter, extruded after molts through the hindgut and spread across the integument as a coating. In females with developing eggs the same cells switch to producing rod-like brochosomes of 3.5-11.0 microm in length, which are used to powder the oviposition sites. The transition involves a dramatic change in morphogenesis of the secretory particles. Both types of brochosomes derive from homogenous condensing Golgi granules and acquire their definitive structure as a result of growth, differentiation of the contents into a wall and a core, and development of a lattice of surface invaginations. Final stages of this process take place in Golgi-derived vacuoles. In the development of rod-like brochosomes the condensing granules coalesce into masses several times larger than nascent spherical type. These giant granules flatten, then become doughnut-shaped and finally break open into a pair of linear particles. Whether the chemical composition differs between the two types of brochosomes remains unknown.     

Documentation of brochosomes within Hemiptera, with emphasis on Heteroptera (Insecta)

Brochosomes, small secretory particles often found in abundance on the integument of leafhoppers, are currently considered a unique feature of the family Cicadellidae. The present work documents, for the first time, brochosomes in two other groups of Hemiptera, i.e. Psylloidea and Heteroptera. In Heteroptera the occurrence of relatively large amounts of brochosomes on various body parts is documented in several species of different families. Morphological structures of the legs and the setation are illustrated in detail and compared to those of Cicadellidae. The results are based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of museum specimens. The possible function of brochosomes within Hemiptera is briefly discussed.     

网粒体超疏水性在茶小绿叶蝉防杀虫剂渗透中的屏障效应

【目的】茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii体表覆盖的网粒体具有超疏水性，杀虫剂喷雾触碰虫体后药滴动态是否受网粒体影响尚未完全清楚。本研究旨在明确网粒体在茶小绿叶蝉成虫抵御杀虫剂雾滴渗透的屏障作用。【方法】以罗丹明B(RhB)作为指示剂添加到测试的杀虫剂(联苯菊酯和茚虫威)中，利用可拍照显微镜观察记录联苯菊酯(1.25 mg/L和0.05 mg/L)和茚虫威(0.006 mg/L和0.0009 mg/L)喷雾处理后24 h，茶小绿叶蝉成虫翅面药滴滚落、蒸发、被抖动扫除等行为动态，分析翅面药滴大小与蒸发后固化形态的关系；测定网粒体移除前后药滴与翅面的接触角，统计不同疏水性翅面上的网粒体分布密度；收集并利用扫描电镜分析叶蝉体表抖落的药滴及药剂颗粒是否含有网粒体，同时观察网粒体与翅面残留溶质接触的显微形态。【结果】药滴动态观察显示，圆球状药滴在茶小绿叶蝉成虫翅面不会自行滚落，72.0%成虫静止等待翅面药滴蒸发，蒸发后形成药剂颗粒或不规则药斑与药滴大小无关，而与虫体翅面的疏水类型有关，蒸发后24 h内翅面的药剂颗粒都被叶蝉抖动扫除；在叶蝉疏水性强翅面上，药滴的静态接触角为141.63±8.06°，药滴蒸发后形成药剂颗粒，网粒体分布密度为6.1±1.2粒/μm²，而疏水性弱的翅面上药滴蒸发形成药斑，网粒体分布密度为2.2±0.9粒/μm²；SEM图片显示被茶小绿叶蝉抖落的药滴和药剂颗粒表面均带有网粒体，药斑和药剂颗粒的显微结构显示网粒体出现聚集并与残留溶质相融合。【结论】超疏水性网粒体的均匀分布决定药滴触碰茶小绿叶蝉成虫翅面后形成圆球状，网粒体的亲油性及团聚性促使药滴蒸发后形成药剂颗粒，网粒体的脱落性使药剂颗粒可被茶小绿叶蝉成虫抖动扫除。     

网粒体脱落有助于茶小绿叶蝉成虫逃离蜘蛛网

【目的】茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii是我国茶园的重要害虫，其体表覆盖网粒体，而网粒体是否具有防御功能则知之甚少。本研究旨在明确网粒体脱落是否对该害虫逃离茶园蜘蛛网起到关键作用。【方法】将茶小绿叶蝉成虫置于草间小黑蛛Hylyphantes graminicola的不规则网内，利用高清摄像机和Vegas软件对茶小绿叶蝉在蜘蛛胁迫和无蜘蛛胁迫情况下脱离蛛网的行为参数及其微动作进行解析；将茶小绿叶蝉成虫翅面触碰蛛网后，在扫描电镜下观察翅面网粒体与蛛丝接触的微观形态，分析试虫挣扎时与蛛网粘黏部位的网粒体分布情况。【结果】当蜘蛛胁迫时，茶小绿叶蝉成虫60 min内脱网率为45.0%，无蜘蛛胁迫时，60 min内成虫脱网率可达76.7%；茶小绿叶蝉成虫陷入蛛网后的逃离时长蜘蛛胁迫组显著短于无蜘蛛胁迫组。茶小绿叶蝉成虫逃网策略至少有4种。蜘蛛胁迫和无蜘蛛胁迫两处理组的翻身率都接近80%，翻身时长约0.5 s，提示成虫翅面与蛛网间的黏力较小。茶小绿叶蝉挣扎逃离蛛网的时长接近翻身时长的3倍，通过对茶小绿叶蝉在蛛网的挣扎行为解析判定茶小绿叶蝉的前足和中足是虫体中最难脱离蛛丝的部位。扫描电镜结果显示，茶小绿叶蝉翅面是虫体表面网粒体分布最均匀且密度较高的部位，网粒体分布密度为280±17粒/25 μm²；翅面网粒体可脱落并包裹整根黏丝；茶小绿叶蝉前足腿节及前跗节表面网粒体覆盖数量不均匀，稀少部位的覆盖密度仅4±4粒/25 μm²，是前足难以脱离蛛丝的可能原因。【结论】茶小绿叶蝉体表网粒体脱落可有效帮助成虫脱离蛛网，其成虫能否成功快速逃离蛛网取决于与蛛网的接触部位是否有网粒体的分布。     

Glycosylation and adhesiveness differentiate larval Ceratitis capitata tyrosinases

Larval Ceratitis capitata phenoloxidases (POs) from hemocytes, serum, integument, and fat body were analyzed. Two types of PO were recorded: the tyrosinase type found in hemocytes, serum, integument, and fat body and the laccase type found in integument. Tyrosinase from all larval tissues and integumental laccase as well, showed similarity in molecular weight (93 KDa), activation by Escherichia coli at 5 mM Ca²⁺, and reactivity to antibodies raised against serum tyrosinase. However, the enzymes differed with respect to their glycosylation and adhesiveness. The serum and integumental enzyme forms contain concanavalin A reacting material, whereas hemocyte and integumental tyrosinase(s) are adhesive. These differences in enzyme forms, although not influencing their substrate specificity, seem to give advantages to performing their function, i.e., the adhesive enzyme form facilitates the adherence to E. coli cell wall and hemocyte surface (unpublished data) while the glycosylated form facilitated the secretion into serum. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Symbiont recruitment versus ant-symbiont co-evolution in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis

The symbiosis between fungus-farming ants (Attini, Formicidae), their cultivated fungi, garden-infecting Escovopsis pathogens, and Pseudonocardia bacteria on the ant integument has been popularized as an example of ant-Escovopsis-Pseudonocardia co-evolution. Recent research could not verify earlier conclusions regarding antibiotic-secreting, integumental Pseudonocardia that co-evolve to specifically suppress Escovopsis disease in an ancient co-evolutionary arms-race. Rather than long-term association with a single, co-evolving Pseudonocardia strain, attine ants accumulate complex, dynamic biofilms on their integument and in their gardens. Emerging views are that the integumental biofilms protect the ants primarily against ant diseases, whereas garden biofilms protect primarily against garden diseases; attine ants selectively recruit ('screen in') microbes into their biofilms; and the biofilms of ants and gardens serve diverse functions beyond disease-suppression.     

Immunohistochemical study of subepidermal connective of molluscan integument

Sections of integument from gastropod, bivalve and cephalopod species were studied immunohistochemically to determine reactivity to antibody against the type I-like collagen from Sepia cartilage and antibodies against components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrate connective tissue: type I, III, IV, V, and VI collagens, laminin, nidogen and heparan sulphate. All samples exhibited similar reactivities to the antibodies, although differences in the intensity and localization of the immunostaining were found that were clearly correlated with between-species differences in integumental ultrastructure. These findings indicate that the composition of the integumental ECM is similar in the three classes of molluscs examined and that several types of collagen are present. However molluscan subepidermal connective tissue differs from the ECM of vertebrate dermis: molluscan integumental ECM contains collagens similar to type I, V and VI collagens but has no type III-similar collagen. Furthermore molecules similar to the type IV collagen, laminin, nidogen and heparan sulphate of vertebrates were present ubiquitously in molluscan basement membrane, confirming the statement that the structure and composition of basement membrane have remained constant throughout the evolution of all animal phyla.