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1.
马传染性贫血(Equine infectious anemia,EIA)是马属动物感染的一种主要经由虫媒传播的传染性疾病。该病的临床表征为反复发热、贫血、出血、水肿以及消瘦等,病理生理变化以血小板减少为主[1]。EIA的致病原为马传染性贫血病毒(Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV),该病毒与人  相似文献   

2.
自从1983年发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)以来,HIV一直以惊人的速度在全球蔓延,感染HIV的人数也日益增多。到目前为止,因患艾滋病死亡的人数已达到2500万,到2010年这一数字可能会突破8000万,因此研究预防和治疗艾滋病的药物也正日益迫切地摆在人们面  相似文献   

3.
HIV疫苗研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
自从1983年发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)以来,HIV一直以惊人的速度在全球蔓延,感染HIV的人数也日益增多.到目前为止,因患艾滋病死亡的人数已达到2500万,到2010年这一数字可能会突破8000万,因此研究预防和治疗艾滋病的药物也正日益迫切地摆在人们面前.  相似文献   

4.
人类免疫缺陷病毒疫苗是控制艾滋病的最佳方法,动物模型证实该病毒疫苗是可行的。人类免疫缺陷病毒中和抗体可达到足够高的水平以预防该病毒感染,但有型特异性,人类免疫缺陷病毒特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞不能单独预防该病毒感染,但能将病毒血病控制在低水平,目前,人们研究重点集中于病毒特异性抗性体和T细胞反应。现有疫苗尚不能诱导对原发性病毒株具有广泛中和能力的抗体。然而,重组痘病毒疫苗和DNA疫苗提示细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应对来自不同进化分支的原发病毒株有广泛的交叉反应力,人们需找到新的免疫原来诱导中和抗体,以取得最佳细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应。  相似文献   

5.
爱滋病(AIDS)目前正在全球蔓延,它已遍及五大洲,波及一百多个国家和地区。世界卫生组织估计,到1991年全世界将有50-300万AIDS患者,近1亿人受到HIV的感染,将成为世界十大致命疾病之一。本文就HIV的形态结构、基因组成、复制繁殖等生物学特性作简单的介绍: 一、概述 HIV是60年代分布在中非(扎伊尔、卢旺达、布隆迪、乌干达、坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚等国)绿猴身上的病毒变异而来的。70年代初期由维多利亚湖西部经中非传播,最早传到加勒比地区的海地,随后又传到美国,目前世界上AIDS患者中80%是美国人。1983年5月巴黎巴斯德研究院以蒙塔尼为首的科  相似文献   

6.
目的:了解维生素在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染/艾滋病患者营养干预中的作用。方法:通过检索查阅国内(万方、中国知网、维普等,1997—2020年)和国外(Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase等,2002—2020年)的相关文献,共纳入41篇学术论文进行证据体评价(参照WHO推荐的证据评价方案及标准)。结果:HIV感染/艾滋病患者易出现一种或多种维生素不足或缺乏的情况,维生素补充能够改善HIV感染/艾滋病患者的营养状况。维生素A的补充可能降低HIV感染/艾滋病患者的死亡风险、延缓疾病进展以及带来额外的健康收益,但会增加HIV垂直传播风险;烟酸补充可以改善HIV感染/艾滋病患者的血脂水平;补充维生素C、维生素E可以降低HIV感染/艾滋病患者的氧化应激水平;补充维生素D可改善HIV感染/艾滋病患者的骨骼健康,降低冠心病、结核以及肝纤维化的发生风险。结论:复合维生素补充(包括矿物质)可能延缓HIV感染/艾滋病患者的疾病进展以及带来额外的健康收益。  相似文献   

7.
目的:了解矿物质在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染/艾滋病营养干预中的作用。方法:通过检索查阅国内(万方、中国知网、维普等,1997—2020年)和国外(Cochrane library、Pubmed、EMbase等,2002—2020年)的相关文献,纳入8篇论文形成证据体,对其进行评价(参照WHO推荐的证据评价方案及标准)。结果与结论:HIV感染/艾滋病患者易出现一种或多种矿物质不足或缺乏的情况,部分矿物质补充能够改善HIV感染/艾滋病患者的营养状况,其中的硒补充可能延缓艾滋病疾病进展、改善患者生存以及带来额外的健康收益,锌补充可能延缓HIV感染/艾滋病患者的疾病进展、降低腹泻的发生率以及带来额外的健康收益。  相似文献   

8.
目的:通过定量监测马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗免疫马外周血单核细胞(PBMC)IL-2表达水平的变化特征,探讨EIAV弱毒疫苗的免疫保护机制。方法:用实时定量RT-PCR技术建立了马外周血PBMCIL-2表达水平的定量检测方法。在不同的时间点定期对4组(疫苗免疫组、健康对照组、强毒攻毒组和EIAV自然感染组)12匹马的外周血PBMCIL-2表达水平进行了检测,同时观察了临床症状及体温变化等指标。疫苗株免疫动物8个月后用强毒攻毒,观察了攻毒前后IL-2表达水平的变化。结果:(1)疫苗免疫马外周血PBMCIL-2的表达量显著高于健康对照组及自然感染组(P<0.01),且免疫后攻毒IL2继续升高,4匹疫苗免疫马均获得完全保护;(2)强毒攻毒对照组IL2表达量随疾病进展波动,发热期明显下降。结论:首次证明EIAV弱毒疫苗可诱导马外周血PBMC表达高水平的IL-2,提示IL-2在疫苗的免疫保护应答中发挥了重要作用;IL-2表达水平还与EIAV感染后的疾病进展密切相关。  相似文献   

9.
Anderson  KB  徐静 《微生物与感染》2005,28(4):47-48
高效抗反转录治疗(HAART)使人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的病死率大大降低,但对于同时感染丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的患者,其治疗效果需要进一步评价。HIV感染者合并感染HCV的比例很高,为10%~40%,主要是因为HIV与HCV有共同的传播途径,如吸毒或接受不洁血制品。HCV有较长的潜伏期,所以HIV患者在接受HAART的早期可能没有考虑到肝脏疾病。  相似文献   

10.
HIV感染与硒衰竭   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来硒在艾滋病发生发展中的作用越来越引起人们的关注,HIV感染者及AIDS病人具有渐进性硒衰竭的症状,而病毒及T细胞有可能具有编码硒蛋白的功能,其中一种病毒编码的硒蛋白可能对HIV的表达起抑制作用。在体外,硒对HIV 1的复制具有调节作用,为硒的临床应用提供了潜在的前景。  相似文献   

11.
Can a reductionist be a pluralist?   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
Pluralism is often put forth as a counter-position to reductionism. In this essay, I argue that reductionism and pluralism are in fact consistent. I propose that there are several potential goals for reductions and that the proper form of a reduction should be considered in tandem with the goal that it aims to achieve. This insight provides a basis for clarifying what version(s) of reductionism are currently defended, for explicating the notion of a fundamental level of explanation, and for showing how one can be both a reductionist and a pluralist.  相似文献   

12.
    
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13.
    
人类控制HIV感染长远的目标是发展安全、有效、廉价的HIV AIDS疫苗。但经 2 0多年的努力 ,人类探索HIV AIDS疫苗之路仍在继续。分析了疫苗研究的复杂性和发展HIV AIDS疫苗过程中所面临的挑战 ,并对发展HIV AIDS疫苗的可能性从实验和临床方面进行了阐述。同时结合HIV感染的免疫应答原理对现有的各种HIV AIDS疫苗研究策略作一综述 ,并根据以往HIV AIDS疫苗研究的经验和教训提出未来疫苗的发展思路及展望。  相似文献   

14.
Pro-tumorigenic function of the p38 kinase plays a critical role in human cholangiocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that c-Met, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), contributes to the pro-tumorigenic ability of p38 in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Both p38 and c-Met promote the proliferation and invasion of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Importantly, inhibition or knockdown of p38 decreased the basal activation of c-Met. Tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor studies revealed that p38 promotes the activity of c-Met, at least in part, by inhibiting dephosphorylation of the receptor. Moreover, density enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) is involved in p38-mediated inhibiting dephosphorylation of c-Met. Furthermore, p38 inhibits the degradation of c-Met. Taken together, these data provide a potential mechanism to explain how p38 promotes human cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. We propose that the link between p38 and c-Met is implicated in the progression of human cholangiocarcinoma.  相似文献   

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16.
为阐明马传染性贫血白细胞弱毒疫苗株(EIAVDLV)的致弱和免疫保护机理,对EIAVDLV121及其亲本驴强毒株(EIAVDV117)前病毒全基因组序列进行了测定,并结合准种理论,分析了EIAV疫苗致弱过程中基因组进化特点。利用LA-PCR技术对EIAVDV117和EIAVDLV121的前病毒基因组分两段进行扩增,分别获得4个和10个前病毒全基因组序列。EIAVDV117前病毒基因组平均为8236bp,G C含量38.0。EIAVDLV121前病毒基因组平均8249bp,G C含量37.3。两者的前病毒基因组平均差异率为2.8。其中S2、LTR和env基因差异较大,分别为4.1、3.9和3.1。此外,S2、S3和env推导的氨基酸的差异明显,分别为10.4、5.6和4.8(gp90为6.8)。EIAVDLV121各基因的异质性均显著高于EIAVDV117。研究发现体外培养的EIAVDLV121至少有5种类型的LTR混合存在。在gp90推导的氨基酸序列上,EIAVDV117比EIAVDLV121平均多2个N-糖基化位点,总数为19,其中3个为EIAVDV117特有。EIAVDLV121有1个疫苗株特有N-糖基化位点。研究结果为进一步探讨马传染性贫血弱毒疫苗生物学特性提供信息。  相似文献   

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The functional role of the C2 insert of nonmuscle myosin II-C (NM II-C) is poorly understood. Here, we report for the first time that the expression of the C2 insert-containing isoform, NM II-C1C2, is inducible in Neuro-2a cells during differentiation both at mRNA and protein levels. Immunoblot and RT-PCR analysis reveal that expression of NM II-C1C2 peaks between days 3 and 6 of differentiation. Localization of NM II-C1C2 in Neuro-2a cells suggests that the C2 insert-containing isoform is localized in the cytosol and along the neurites, specifically at the adherence point to substratum. Inhibition of endogenous NM II-C1C2 using siRNA decreases the neurite length by 43% compared with control cells treated with nonspecific siRNA. Time lapse image analysis reveals that neurites of C2-siRNA-treated cells have a net negative change in neurite length per minute, leading to a reduction of overall neurite length. During neuritogenesis, NM II-C1C2 can interact and colocalize with β1-integrin in neurites. Altogether, these studies indicate that NM II-C1C2 may be involved in stabilizing neurites by maintaining their structure at adhesion sites.  相似文献   

19.
    
Shiga toxin Stx2e is the major known agent that causes edema disease in newly weaned pigs. This severe disease is characterized by neurological disorders, hemorrhagic lesions, and frequent fatal outcomes. Stx2e consists of an enzymatically active A subunit and five B subunits that bind to a specific glycolipid receptor on host cells. It is evident that antibodies binding to the A subunit or the B subunits of Shiga toxin variants may have the capability to inhibit their cytotoxicity. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a VHH single domain antibody (nanobody) isolated from a llama phage display library that confers potent neutralizing capacity against Stx2e toxin. We further present the crystal structure of the complex formed between the nanobody (NbStx2e1) and the Stx2e toxoid, determined at 2.8 Å resolution. Structural analysis revealed that for each B subunit of Stx2e, one NbStx2e1 is interacting in a head-to-head orientation and directly competing with the glycolipid receptor binding site on the surface of the B subunit. The neutralizing NbStx2e1 can in the future be used to prevent or treat edema disease.  相似文献   

20.
Myosin VI, the only known minus-ended actin filament-dependent motor, plays diverse cellular roles both as a processive motor and as a mechanical anchor. Although myosin VI has a short lever arm containing only one “IQ-motif” and a unique insertion for CaM binding, the motor walks with large and variable step sizes of ∼30–36 nm. Here, we show that the previously predicted coiled-coil domain immediately following the IQ-motifs (referred to as the lever arm extension (LAE)) adopts a stable monomeric, three-helix bundle fold in solution. Importantly, the LAE can undergo reversible, lipid membrane-dependent conformational changes. Upon exposure to lipid membranes, the LAE adopts a partially extended rod shape, and the removal of lipids from the LAE converts it back into the compact helix bundle structure. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that lipid membrane binding may initiate unfolding and thereby trigger the LAE expansion. This reversible, lipid membrane-dependent expansion of the LAE provides a mechanistic base for myosin VI to walk with large and variable step sizes.  相似文献   

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