肺炎克雷伯氏菌荚膜多糖表达量评价指标的建立及发酵条件优化

建立了特异性强的肺炎克雷伯氏菌荚膜多糖全菌ELISA检测方法,检测结果与多糖表达量相关性好;以全菌ELISA值结合菌数为评价指标,对影响荚膜多糖表达的培养基组成及发酵条件进行了优化,优化后的摇瓶培养条件下发酵液活性和生物量分别比优化前提高72.7和33倍,并经7L罐放大实验,绘制发酵动力学曲线,为肺炎克雷伯氏菌荚膜多糖进一步开发打下基础。     

忍冬桑黄和蛹虫草共发酵联产真菌多糖初步研究

忍冬桑黄和蛹虫草两种药用真菌均可产活性多糖,共发酵模式是产生新化合物或提高化合物含量或药效的潜在方式。本研究尝试用忍冬桑黄和蛹虫草共发酵联产真菌多糖,并对其共发酵所得的菌丝体多糖开展抗氧化活性试验。结果表明,当忍冬桑黄和蛹虫草预先分别发酵3d和1d后再同时接种共发酵,两菌可以较好地进行共生长,菌体总量和总多糖得率显著高于两菌单独进行发酵时的相应量。进一步对适宜两菌共发酵的培养基进行了优化,获得适宜两菌共发酵高产多糖的培养基组成为：可溶性淀粉30g/L、牛肉粉12g/L、磷酸氢二钾和硫酸镁各1.5g/L。共发酵菌丝体中多糖和黄酮含量均高于两菌单个菌体中的相应含量,但三萜含量和桑黄菌体中的三萜含量没有显著差异。抗氧化活性试验表明,共发酵菌体多糖、忍冬桑黄菌体多糖和蛹虫草菌体多糖对DPPH·自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基均具有清除作用,其中共发酵菌体多糖对3种自由基的清除作用显著强于两菌单个菌体多糖的清除效果。本研究表明忍冬桑黄和蛹虫草共发酵联产真菌多糖具有可行性。     

桦褐孔菌菌质多糖的制备及其对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

为研究桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,采用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,Sevag法脱蛋白后透析,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱进一步分离纯化,MTT法检测不同浓度的桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。试验结果得到3个多糖纯化组分JZP1、JZP2、JZP3;粗多糖(JZPC)、精制多糖(JZPJ)和纯化多糖(JZP3),能够促进淋巴细胞增殖,最大增殖率分别为59.04%(1 000μg/m L),44.58%(20μg/m L),39.76%(20μg/m L)。JZP1和JZP2在1 000μg/m L时抑制淋巴细胞增殖,抑制率分别15.66%和13.25%。结果表明相同浓度下粗多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用强于纯化多糖,不同多糖组分表现出不同的免疫学活性,并且其免疫活性与其浓度密切相关。     

蛹虫草子实体多糖的分离纯化

目的:研究人工培养蛹虫草子实体多糖的分离纯化方法.方法:多糖经脱色、醇析、除蛋白及乙醇分级沉淀,采用Seph-adex G100柱层析纯化.结果:60℃脱色9h脱色率达70.72％.醇析最优条件为:无水乙醇,24h,4倍乙醇.Sevag法抽提30min重复6次除蛋白率达84.09％;抽提lh重复3次、6次除蛋白率分别为81.14％、84.47％,多糖损失率分别为27.03％、43.16％.木瓜蛋白酶除蛋白最优条件为70℃,1:10,2h,除蛋白率为25.67％.粗多糖经乙醇分级沉淀得2种粗多糖成分,分别经Sephadex G100柱层析可进一步纯化为3种较纯多糖成分.结论:采用乙醇分级沉淀及Sephadex G100柱层析纯化粗多糖可得到3种较纯多糖成分,纯化效果较好.     

榄绿粗叶木茎甲醇提取物体外抗菌活性研究

目的研究榄绿粗叶木茎甲醇提取物(以下简称MESLL)的抗菌作用及机理。方法体外抗菌实验,采用抑菌圈法及MIC法测定了金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌和大肠杆菌5种临床常见致病性菌株的抗菌活性。2结果 MESLL对金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均有一定程度的抗菌活性,而对其它3种菌株则无明显抑制作用;结论 MESLL对金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌两种测试菌株具有一定抗菌活性。     

肺炎克雷伯菌表面成分对小鼠细菌感染的保护作用

观察肺炎克雷伯菌 (Klebsiellapneumoniae,Kp)表面成分在小鼠体内对细菌感染的保护作用。经肺炎克雷伯菌培养液经溶菌酶、NP40溶菌后 ,再经去脂、去蛋白和有机溶剂沉淀 ,干燥获取Kp表面成分干粉。用不同剂量的Kp表面成分免疫小鼠 ,分别用大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌攻击小鼠 ,记录小鼠死亡情况 ,并测定循环抗体效价。结果 :Kp表面成分低剂量组 (30 μg/g体重 )和高剂量组 (40 μg/g体重 )对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染有显著保护作用 ,能降低感染小鼠的死亡率。免疫后小鼠的抗体效价明显高于对照组小鼠 (P <0 0 1 )。应用Kp表面成分的小鼠对细菌感染有一定的保护作用。     

胶体纳米银对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌的抑制作用

目的探讨胶体纳米银对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌的抑制作用。方法以产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌为研究对象,采用涂布法检测杀菌作用,肉汤微量稀释法测量最低抑菌浓度(MIC),电镜法观察胶体纳米银对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的作用机理。结果≥0.5μg/mL的胶体纳米银对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌具有100%杀菌作用;≥0.05μg/mL的胶体纳米银对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌也具有明显的杀菌作用;5μg/mL胶体纳米银对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌5、15、30和60 min均有明显的杀菌作用;胶体纳米银对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC为3.125μg/mL;不同因素对胶体纳米银的杀菌作用,蛋白因素影响显著(P0.05);胶体纳米银对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的形态学有明显影响。结论胶体纳米银对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌具有明显的抑制作用,这些结果将为胶体纳米银的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

红曲多糖液态发酵条件与抗氧化活性的研究

对1株高产胞外多糖红曲霉菌株Mr-70的液态发酵条件和粗多糖抗氧化活性进行了初步研究,得到菌株Mr-70优化后的发酵工艺条件为葡葡糖60 g/L,蛋白陈20g/L,K2HPO410 g/L,MgSO4 · 7H20 1.1g/L,PH 6.5,在摇床转速200 r/min,温度32℃的条件下培养96 h,胞外粗多糖产量...     

谷胱甘肽的合成与其活性初步评价北大核心CSCD

先采用Fmoc固相多肽合成法,以2-Chlorotrityl chloride(2-CTC)树脂做载体,DIC/HOBt做缩合剂,逐步缩合得到全保护谷胱甘肽树脂,以TFA/EDT/m-Cresol为裂解液脱除保护基团,粗肽经半制备反相高效液相色谱法纯化得α-GSH、γ-GSH纯品,后将所得γ-GSH纯品分别采用空气,双氧水,碘氧化得GSSG,经纯化得GSSG纯品,合成的α-GSH、γ-GSH纯品纯度达99%,GSSG纯度达98%,利用标准品,经外标法计算总收率分别为60%、64%、57%。并观察三者对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的治疗效果结果显示都能显著降低ALT与AST的活性,且与注射用γ-GSH没有显著性差异,可以为工业化生产提供借鉴。     

若羌大枣多糖的分离纯化及抗氧化活性的研究

对新疆若羌大枣多糖的分离纯化和抗氧化活性作了研究.结果表明:将大枣干粉经热水浸提、乙醇沉淀,得到的大枣多糖粗品经索氏提取法脱脂、Sevag法除蛋白,双氧水脱色,透析法除单糖,用DEAE-纤维素层析,经过蒸馏水、0～1 mol/L NaCl可得到大枣多糖的3个级分,JPSN、JPSA1、JPSA2;然后用SephadexG-100柱进一步鉴定3个级分的纯度,经鉴定JPSN、JPSA1均为单一组分,而JPSA2得到JPSA2B1、JPSA2B21、JPSA2B33个亚组分.通过红外光谱扫描,呈现多糖类吸收峰.若羌大枣粗多糖对DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、NO-2都有较好的清除作用.     

Purification and sequence determination of canine relaxin

Relaxin immunological activity has been observed in the plasma of pregnant bitches, and preliminary studies in our laboratory indicated that the highest relaxin concentrations were found in placentas. Therefore, canine placentas were collected at term and also from spay and relaxin was purified by methods developed for equine relaxin. Tissue was prepared by homogenization and purification on a C₁₈ column. The preparation was further purified by stepwise elution ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and gradient elution ion-exchange chromatography. One predominant peak in relaxin immunoactivity was collected. Canine relaxin was found to be larger than either porcine or equine relaxin as determined by SDS-PAGE. It migrated faster under reducing conditions, indicating a subunit structure. Purified canine relaxin was used for tracer and standard in a canine radioimmunoassay (RIA) using an antiporcine relaxin antibody. Concentrations of relaxin immunoactivity using the canine assay were up to 300-fold higher in placental preparations than those measured in the porcine relaxin assay. Sequence analysis of canine relaxin revealed a structure similar to other relaxins in the presence and placement of cystine residues.     

Production and characteristics of inhibitory factor of raw starch digestion from Aspergillus niger

Summary The glucoamylase preparation of Aspergillus niger 19 inhibited the raw starch digestion by it at high enzyme concentration. The inhibitory factor (IF) was isolated from the glucoamylase preparation by heat treatment and purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, an initial Sephadex G-50 gel filtration followed by SP-Sephadex C-25 column chromatography (twice) and then second Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. The IF thus purified was homogenous in polyacrylamide gel electrophories. The inhibitory activity of IF increased with the increasing IF concentration but decreased with an increasing quantity of raw starch or enzyme concentration. The IF had no effect on the hydrolysis of boiled soluble starch. It was completely adsorbed onto raw starch. The IF had a molecular weight of about 10,500. It was abundant in hydroxy amino acids such as threonine and serine. Xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid were present in it.     

Extracts of protozoa contain materials that react specifically in the immunoassay for guinea pig insulin

Extracts of protozoa contain materials that resemble guinea pig insulin, which is noted for its unusual structure and properties. The protozoan derived materials react in the radioimmunoassay for guinea pig insulin; some but not all of these immunoreactive materials migrate on gel filtration in the position of authentic guinea pig insulin. Experiments were done to exclude artifacts in the assay as well as inadvertent contamination by guinea pig insulin. By immunological methods, we segregated the guinea pig type immunoactivity from that which has rat/pork type immunoactivity. These findings extend our studies of extracts of guinea pig tissues which also have these two types of insulin immunoactivities.     

Identification and characterization of CPS1 as a hyaluronic acid synthase contributing to the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans infection

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that often causes devastating meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. We have previously identified the C. neoformans CPS1 gene, which is required for a capsular layer on the outer cell wall. In this report, we investigate the function of the CPS1 gene and its pathogenesis. We demonstrated that treatment of yeast with either 4-methylumbelliferone or hyaluronidase resulted in a reduction of the level of C. neoformans binding to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Yeast extracellular structures were also altered accordingly in hyaluronidase-treated cells. Furthermore, observation of yeast strains with different hyaluronic acid contents showed that the ability to bind to HBMEC is proportional to the hyaluronic acid content. A killing assay with Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated that the CPS1 wild-type strain is more virulent than the cps1Delta strain. When CPS1 is expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli, hyaluronic acid can be detected in the cells. Additionally, we determined by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoretic analysis that hyaluronic acid is a component of the C. neoformans capsule. The size of hyaluronic acid molecules is evaluated by gel filtration and transmission electron microscopy studies. Together, our results support that C. neoformans CPS1 encodes hyaluronic acid synthase and that its product, hyaluronic acid, plays a role as an adhesion molecule during the association of endothelial cells with yeast.     

Structural elucidation of a capsular polysaccharide from a clinical isolate of Bacteroides vulgatus from a patient with Crohn's disease.

The structure of a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from a clinical isolate of Bacteroides vulgatus was elucidated. B. vulgatus IMCJ 1204 was isolated from feces of a patient with Crohn's disease. CPS was prepared by phenol/water extraction of the bacterial cells followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and then gel filtration chromatography of the extract. The structure of CPS was determined by chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy including DQF-COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC-TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC to be a polysaccharide composed of the following repeating unit: -->3)beta-D-Glcp(1-->6)[alpha-D-GalpNAc(1-->2)beta-D-Galp(1-->4)]beta-D-GlcpNAc(1-->3)alpha-D-Galp(1-->4)beta-D-Manp(1-->.     

牛脑中神经特异性S-100蛋白的纯化及鉴定

牛脑充分匀浆后经三次硫酸铵分级沉淀,再通过一次DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B层析柱,线性梯度洗脱后共收集4个峰洗脱液。PAGE分析(7.5％凝胶)显示第3峰为单一区带;免疫双扩散证实该洗脱液中蛋白为S-100蛋白。SDS-PAG E分析显示S-100蛋白分子量约为10kD;非还原条件下,凝胶过滤(Sephadex G-75)显示S-100蛋白位于MW为20kD区域。认为该纯化方法简便、快速,可获得较高纯度的S-100蛋白,活性高达1∶128以上,完全能满足进一步研究之用。     

Isolation of a highly pure preparation of cephalexin amidase from bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas

A procedure for highly purified cephalexin amidase of Xanthomonas was developed. It consists of preparation of a cell-free extract of the culture after cell disintegration, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, dissolution, concentration and elimination of ballast proteins, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, sorption of ballast proteins on DEAE cellulose and chromatography on KM-cellulose. The enzyme yield is 45-55 per cent. The purity level is 80-90-fold.     

A novel purification method of human renin

Human renal renin was isolated from a partially purified preparation, Haas' preparation step 5 material, with a remarkably high yield of 28% by a newly developed method. This method consisted of only four steps including affinity chromatography on pepstatin-aminohexyl-agarose, chromatofocusing, gel filtration and DEAE-chromatography after the initial extraction and concentration. This method enabled us to obtain pure human renin without another affinity column used by other investigators. Pure human renin had a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons as estimated by gel filtration and sodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pI of purified renin was 5.6.     

Studies on the Nature and Activation of O2--forming NADPH Oxidase of Leukocytes. Identification of a Phosphorylated Component of the Active Enzyme

Highly active superoxide (O₂^-)-forming NADPH oxidase was extracted from plasmamembranes of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-activated pig neutrophils and was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography. Oxidase activity copurified with cytochrome b_-245 in an aggregate containing phospholipids and was almost completely separated from FAD and NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase. A polypeptide with molecular weight of 31,500 strictly paralleled the purification of NADPH oxidase, suggesting that it is a major component of the enzyme. The enzyme complex was then dissociated by high detergent and salt concentration and cytochrome b_-245 was isolated by a further gel filtration chromatography, with a 147 fold purification with respect to the initial preparation. The cytochrome b_-245 showed a 31,500 molecular weight by SDS electrophoresis, indicating that it is actually the component previously identified in the partially purified enzyme. The 31,500 protein was phosphorylated in enzyme preparations from activated but not from resting neutrophils, suggesting that phosphorylation of cytochrome b_-245 is involved in the activation mechanism of the O₂^--forming enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in phagocytes.     

Purification and characterization of rat urinary renin

Rat urinary renin was purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, pepstatin-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The resulting preparation was essentially homogeneous, as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the preparation was estimated to be 39000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis and 40000 by gel filtration. The optimum pH determined with rat angiotensinogen was 7.0, and the Km was 3.6 microM. These properties agreed well with those of purified rat renal renin. The activity of urinary renin was specifically inhibited by anti-renin antibody. These results suggest that urinary renin may originate in the kidney.