植物生长调节剂在热带经济作物上的应用

植物生长调节剂在热带经济作物上的应用李扬东（海南省农垦海口中专学校热带经济作物教研室５７０００５）植物生长调节剂是人工合成的、具有类似天然激素作用的化学物质。这些化学物质具有促进或抑制植物生长发育的作用,对植物发芽、生根、枝叶生长、开花和结果等调节具...     

植物生长调节剂的研究与应用

主要综述了植物生长调节剂的概况、植物生长调节剂的种类及其作用、植物生长调节剂的应用以及植物生长调节剂的安全使用原则,并展望了植物生长调节剂的应用前景。     

植物生长调节剂的研究及应用进展

植物生长调节剂是合成植物激素, 其可以调节植物的代谢和生理功能, 并且已广泛用于农业、林业和其他领域。而植物生长调节剂本身存在的毒副作用所引起的安全问题也不容忽视, 在使用调节剂时应保证其安全性和有效性。文章概述了植物生长调节剂的种类、作用功效、国内外植物生长剂的研究和应用情况及在使用中存在的问题, 分析了调节剂药效的影响因素, 就植物生长调节剂的进一步应用提出了建议, 进行了展望, 并对其应用于生态修复领域的可行性进行了分析。植物生长调节剂在使用时应注意: (1)适时适量; (2)多种药型谨慎搭配, 科学调控植物生长剂的使用; (3)植物生长调节剂不能随意与农药搭配以避免不良反应的发生。     

植物生长调节剂在柑桔生产上的应用

植物生长调节剂是调节植物生长发育的重要物质,在农业和园艺生产上,具有广泛的应用价值和发展前景。近20年来,随着高科技和化学工业的发展,生长调节剂在果树上的应用日益受到重视,已成为当前科学栽培果树,提高果实商品性,增加经济效益的重要技术措施。现就植物生长调节剂在柑桔生产中的应用情况综述如下:     

植物生长调节剂对南方红豆杉愈伤组织培养和紫杉醇合成的影响

通过不同种类和水平植物生长调节剂对南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensisvar.mairei)愈伤组织诱导、生长和紫杉醇合成能力影响的研究发现:诱导培养初期,以无植物生长调节剂的MS为基本培养基,在附加不同植物生长调节剂组合作用下愈伤组织产生的时间和生长、在相同植物生长调节剂组合作用下不同外植体愈伤组织的产生时间和生长均表现出较显著差异,2,4-D/NAA高于0.4时,不利于南方红豆杉愈伤组织的诱导。转换到附加不同植物生长调节剂组合的B5培养基上后,随培养继代次数的增加,生长差异逐渐缩小,直至不显著,表明参考不同文献报道最优配方所设计的各植物生长调节剂组合对南方红豆杉愈伤组织的生长均较适宜,有利南方红豆杉愈伤组织生长的植物生长调节剂优化组合没有唯一性。但不同调节剂组合作用下的同源愈伤组织中、相同调节剂作用下不同源愈伤组织中紫杉醇含量均存在着极显著差异,适当水平(2 mg/L)的2,4-D单用,或与适当水平的KT、6-BA、KT GA配合使用,对南方红豆杉愈伤组织紫杉醇的合成较有利,NAA则不太有利,幼茎和叶愈伤组织产紫杉醇的水平较其它愈伤组织为高。     

植物生长调节剂对木本植物生长抑制的研究进展

植物生长调节剂的研制成功为实现人为控制植物生长带来了便利。人们可以通过化学手段调节植物生长、发育的各个阶段,以满足生产需求。本文对不同种类生长抑制类植物生长调节剂对木本植物生长抑制的应用现状、应用效果以及存在的问题进行了阐述,并对植物生长调节剂在木本植物生长抑制中的应用前景进行了深入探讨。     

几种木本植物插穗生根与内源IAA,ABA的关系

迄今为止,传统的插条繁殖仍是林业和园林工作者获得良种无性系和培育苗木的重要途径。在影响插穗不定根形成内外因素中,植物内源激素水平和生长调节剂应用占有重要地位。已知第一个根原基细胞的分裂依赖于内源生长素或外源的生长调节剂(Hartmann 1983,Haissig 1974),低浓度的ABA(1.26～20μg/ml)能促进     

建议加强植物生长调节剂在作物中残留物降解的研究

随着科学技术的发展和农业生产的需要,人们合成了不少新的植物生长调节剂,由于这些调节剂是化学物质,往往具有毒性。同时,生产上施用植物调节剂多在作物生长后期,有的直接喷施在食用的部位(如水果、蔬菜等),所以植物生长调节剂及其降解物在作物中的残留量就关系到人、畜安全和环境污染问题。     

植物生长抑制物质的作用

植物的生长发育不仅需要光、温、水、气、肥等外界条件,还要受体内多种微量、高效的生理活性物质——植物激素的调节。使用植物激素及有相似效能的植物生长调节剂可在很大程度上影响基因表达,突破环境条件限制,提高作物的产量和品质。因此,植物生长调节剂,特别是其中...     

植物生长调节剂在控制形成层活动中的作用

植物形成层的活动既包括通过平周分裂或斜向横分裂增加形成层自身,也包括通过平周分裂向外形成韧皮部,向内形成木质部。五大类植物生长调节剂[生长素、赤霉素(GAs)、细胞分裂素(CKs)、乙烯和脱落酸(ABA)]都参与了这一过程的调节。这方面的研究发展很快,近年已出版了一本专著,许多有关植物生长调节剂的专著中也都有专门章节讨论这一问题。本文仅就近些年的进展作一简要介绍。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).     

Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.