我国有尾动物分类中几个问题的研究

本文对有尾两栖类小鲵科Hynobiidae山溪鲵属、巴鲵属、小鲵属分类研究中的同物异名,以及属称的订正方面进行了进一步探讨,认为我国山溪鲵属应为5种,无唇褶山溪鲵B.cochranae应为北方山溪鲵Batrachuperus ti-betanus同物异名。巴鲵属是一个有效属称,义乌小鲵Hynobius yiwuensis应为中国小鲵H.chinensis的同物异名,黄斑拟小鲵Pseudohynobius flavonaculatus可以暂定为秦巴北鲵Ranodon tsinoaensis的同物异名。黑抓异鲵Xenobius melanonychus是否有效种有待确定。     

A taxonomic revision of the Hilara maura-group (Diptera: Empididae) in Europe

Abstract. The European species of the Hilara maura-group are revised. Three species are described as new to science, namely, H.nitidorella sp.n., H.discalis sp.n. (both temperate Central and Western Europe) and H.mauroides sp.n. (Caucasus, male only). A further five species, H.hybrida Collin, H.femorella Zetterstedt, H.sulcitarsis Strobl, H.tyrolensis Strobl and H.bartaki Straka are redescribed, and H.eumera Loew, 1873 becomes a new synonym of H.nitidula Zetterstedt, 1838. Seven lectotypes are designated. All IS European species are keyed, the main differential characters are illustrated, and additional data on biology and distribution are given. The Hilara maura-group is recognized as a monophyletic group within the genus, characterized by a set of apomorphous characters, and the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of the species, classified into four natural complexes, are demonstrated.     

西双版纳龙脑香科植物纪要

本文订正了西双版纳产龙脑香科植物,新组合望天树(Shorea chinensis(Wang Hsie)H.Zhu,comb.nov.),归并异名版纳青梅(Vaticaxishuangbannaensis G.D.Tao et J.H.Zhang,syn.nov),并重新讨论了它们的亲缘关系。     

Heligmosomoides glareoli Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae): redescription and synonymy

Paratypes of Heligmosomoides glareoli Baylis, 1928 are re-described. Specimens of the same species from Microtus nivalis and Clethrionomys glareolus collected in Bulgaria were also studied. H. tatricus (Erhardova, 1955) Durette-Desset, 1967 is considered a synonym of H. glareoli on the basis of the morphometric characters, synlophe structure and the distribution of their host.     

Larval development of five species of blenny (Teleostei: Blenniidae) from the western central North Atlantic, with a synopsis of blennioid family characters

Light trap collections on oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana from 1995 to 1997 contained young of tessellated blenny Hypsoblennius invemar , freckled blenny Hypsoblennius ionthas , featherduster blenny Hypleurochilus multifilis , molly miller Scartella cristata and seaweed blenny Parablennius marmoreus , which are described. Interspecific differences were: number of dorsal, anal, pelvic and caudal fin elements; number of mandibular pores; presence or absence of canine teeth, hypural 5 and pectoral fin pigment; width of gill openings; length of preopercular spines (in larvae). Size at settlement differed among some taxa, but all five species settled within a narrow size window of c . 1·5 mm standard length ( L _S). Hypsoblennius invemar , H. ionthas , H. multifilis and S. cristata settled at mean sizes between 11·3 and 12·1 mm L _S, whereas P. marmoreus settled at a mean size of 19·3 mm L _S. Sexually dimorphic differences were consistently evident by 17–18 mm L _S in all species but P. marmoreus . The two smallest blennies with external characters normally associated with sexual maturity were a 20 mm male and 21 mm female H. multifilis . Primary caudal fin rays began to bifurcate between 17·0 and 18·3 mm L _S in H. invemar , H. ionthas , H. multifilis and S. cristata . Hypleurochilus multifilis displayed the external characteristics of being sexually mature at 20–21 mm L _S. Thus, bifurcation of primary caudal fin rays was an indicator of approaching sexual maturity in H. multifilis and this may also be true in the other species studied.     

瘿蚊科中国一新纪录属种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

报道了瘿蚊科鼓瘿蚊亚科中国1新纪录属,即独瘿蚊属Asynapta Loew,1850及其中国1新纪录种,即戈氏独瘿蚊Asynapta groverae Jiang et Bu,nom nov.(山东:青岛).本种模式产地在印度,原置于Dicerura属,即Dicerura indi-ca Grover,后由定名人转入Cryptoneurus属,本文将其转入Asynapta属,是为新组合;但转入后,本种与Asynapta属中的原有种同名,成为一个次后同名,因此为本种命一新名.文中重新描述并图示该种的特征,补充和修正了原始描述中的不足.     

三种翅果菊属植物的形态变异及其分类学意义

运用居群概念对翅果菊属的翅果菊Pterocypsela indica、多裂翅果菊P. laciniata、台湾翅果菊P. formosana等3种植物的主要鉴别性状进行形态测量和统计分析,评价其分类学意义。结果表明：叶片形状、叶片分裂程度、茎被毛多少、果喙长短等性状变异幅度大且存在种间交叉,不宜作为鉴别性状。根据研究结果,翅果菊、多裂翅果菊、台湾翅果菊三者之间并无明确的划分界限,建议将台湾翅果菊同多裂翅果菊一样归并到翅果菊中。     

中国竹飞虱属分类研究(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,飞虱科)

整理记述中国飞虱科竹飞虱属Bambusiphaga Huang et Ding 14种.研究发现丁锦华、黄其林(1979)对该属模式种黑斑竹飞虱B.nigripunctata雄性外生殖器阳茎结构的图示与王金川、丁锦华(1996)在<甘肃飞虱>中对该种阳茎结构的记述及图示不同,通过解剖西北农林科技大学昆虫?骀 博物馆馆藏的该种标本,发现其阳茎结构与王金川、丁锦华(1996)记述及图示的阳茎结构相同,在检查了该种的模式标本后,确认丁锦华、黄其林(1979)图示的雄性外生殖器阳茎结构并非本种.本文对该种雄性外生殖器结构作了重新描记,并绘制了该种成虫及雄性外生殖器鉴别特征图.文中还建立1个新组合:B.bakeri(Muir)nov.comb.及2个新异名:B.membranacea Yang et Yang,1986为B.furca Huang et Ding,1979的异名;B.latispina Qin et Yuan,1999为B.bakeri(Muir,1919)的异名.文中还提供了该属所有中国种类的检索表.     

中国豆科和樟科几种植物学名的订正

在编写《Flora of China》过程中,根据标本和文献的查阅,对国产豆科和樟科几种植物学名进行修订。本文记述5个新组合、4个新异名和一个恢复的种名。5个新组合是:垂果山蚂蝗Desmodium strigilosum var.pendenticarpum(C.Z.Gao Q.R.Lai) P.H.Huang,心叶山蚂蝗Desmodium flexuosum var.cordifoliolatum(P.C.Li) P.H.Huang,密毛长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium densum(C.Chen et X.J.Cui)P.H.Huang,东北长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium podocarpum var.mandshuricum(Maxim.) P.H.Huang和尖叶长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium podocarpum var.japon-icum(Matsum.)P.H.Huang.4个新异名如下:李氏木姜子Litsea lii C.E.Chang及其变种能汉木姜子var.nunkao-tahangensis(Liao) Liao作为竹叶木姜子L.pseudoelongata Liou Ho的新异名,竹头角木姜子L.akosensis var.chitouchiaoensis Liao作为台湾木姜子L.hayatae Kanehira的新异名和密毛山蚂蝗Desmodium densum (C.Chen et X.J.Cui)H.Ohashi作为密毛长柄山蚂蝗Podocarpium densum (C.Chen et X.J.Cui)P.H.Huang的新异名。由于Litsea pedicellata一名被占用,恢复Litsea taiwaniana Kamikoti作为黄肉树合法的种名。     

草苁蓉属(列当科)分类的研究

本文详细比较了草苁蓉属和丁座草属(Xylanche)植物的形态特征,并在扫描电镜下观察了它们的种皮纹饰。发现G.Beck(1890)建立丁座草属时所依据的花部性状并不可靠,这些性状,尤其是花萼分裂度和心皮数目,本身就有变异。因此,作者将丁座草属归并入草苁蓉属(Boschniakia)中。     

厦门地区鸭鹅绦虫生活史研究

本文报告了福建厦门地区寄生于鸭鹅类的膜壳科绦虫计5属9种。实验阐明了5种绦虫的生活史,其中有三种生活史为我国首次报告。厦门地区有5种嵌水甲壳类可作膜壳绦虫的中间宿主。其中短角异剑水蚤(Apocyclops royi)是矛形剑带绦虫和片形皱缘绦虫的审间宿主,不等异介虫(Heterocypris anomala)为新发现的棘盘双睾绦虫的中间宿主,介虫(Cyprinotus sp.)为新发现的美丽膜壳绦虫的中间宿主。     

Structural Features of Spines in Some Rodents (Rodentia: Myomorpha, Hystricomorpha)

The architectonics of spines and hair was studied in Neacomys spinosus, Tokudaia osimensis, Arvicanthis somalicus, Leopoldamys sabanus, L. edwardsi, Maxomys moi, M. surifer, Niviventer fulvescens, N. confucianus, N. cremoriventer, Acomys cahirinus, A. somalica, Hystrix indica, H. cristata, Atherurus macrourus, Erethizon dorsatum, Proechimys steerei, and Lonchotrix emiliae. The presence of a dorsal longitudinal furrow covered by a modified cuticle is a common structural feature of spines in all studied species except E. dorsatum, H. indica, and H. cristata. The frontal surface of the mosaic (scales located side by side) and terrace cuticle (steps between scales) varies in different species from smooth to rib-folded. A terminology has been proposed to describe the main structures of spine and hair. The adaptive significance of the spine architectonics in rodents is discussed.     

Harnischia Kieffer from China,with Emendations to the Diagnosis of the Genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

The genus Harnischia from China is revised. Harnischia cultriata sp.nov. is described as new to science from the male imago. H. hamata Wang et Zheng is recognized as new synonym of H. angularis Albu et Botnariuc and H. longispuria Wang et Zheng is recognized as a new synonym of H. curtilamellata (Malloch). A key to male imagines is presented. The distribution of the six known Chinese species is mapped. An emended generic diagnosis is given and discussed. Variation in the phallapodeme as an important specific diagnostic character within the genus is furnished.     

Testing Bergmann's rule in the presence of potentially confounding factors: a case study with three species of Galerida larks in Morocco

Aim  To test Bergmann's rule (which predicts a larger body size in colder areas within warm-blooded vertebrate species) in three partially sympatric species of larks ( Galerida theklae , Galerida cristata and Galerida randonii ) that occur in Morocco.
Location  Morocco.
Methods  Restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques applied on cytochrome b haplotypes were used to discriminate G. cristata and G. randonii , and to investigate the effects of interspecific hybridization in their contact zone. A comprehensive statistical framework was then designed to test Bergmann's rule in our three Galerida species (using altitude as a proxy for cold temperatures), while controlling for the possible influence of interspecific hybridization and competition and accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The method we propose is conservative in the sense that potentially confounding factors are adjusted so as to maximize their influence on the variable of interest.
Results  Bergmann's rule was strongly supported in G. theklae and G. randonii . However, body size did not respond to altitude in G. cristata , a result that was not simply explained by species-specific differences in geographical ranges and altitudinal span. In G. cristata , we detected a tendency for body size to increase with aridity, in agreement with an alternative definition of Bergmann's rule. However, since G. cristata also hybridizes with G. randonii in a contact zone located in the most arid part of the range of G. cristata , we could not tease apart the relative contribution of selection and hybridization in driving this pattern.
Main conclusions  This study highlights the need for careful statistical designs that allow meaningful variables to be picked out from large sets of potential factors. When taking these factors into account, we found that Bergmann's rule was still strongly supported in two out of the three species examined.     

中国似鮈属鱼类的形态变异及地理分化研究

对似鮈属鱼类进行了形态测量和主成分分析。结果表明区别似鮈和桂林似鮈的重要特征胸鳍末端是否超过腹鳍起点与尾柄高同尾柄长的比例相互之间有一定的相关性,但是在研究的样本中没有截然的界限,而是有较大的重叠,难以区分。其他的特征则没有相关性。从地理分布看,同一地点的样本在上述特征上有一定的区别,但是没有发现明显的南北或东西地理变化的规律。因此似鮈属鱼类应该只划分为一个种,桂林似鮈为似鮈的同物异名。     

Revision of the fishfly genus Ctenochauliodes van der Weele (Megaloptera, Corydalidae)

The first taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Oriental fishfly genus Ctenochauliodes van der Weele, 1909 is presented. Except for C. punctulatus , where the male is unknown, all species of Ctenochauliodes and two outgroups ( Archichauliodes chilensis Kimmins and Protochauliodes bullocki Flint) were scored for 24 adult morphological characters, 21 of which were obtained from the male genitalia. The monophyly of Ctenochauliodes is corroborated by a series of synapomorphic characters. The pectinate female antenna was proposed as a diagnostic character. Two main clades within Ctenochauliodes were found based on the present phylogenetic analysis. All 12 Ctenochauliodes species are keyed, described and illustrated, with five species new to science. Ctenochauliodes forcipatus Kimmins is a junior synonym of C. friedrichi Navás, and C. moganshanus Yang & Yang is a junior synonym of C. griseus Yang & Yang. All Ctenochauliodes species were recorded from southern China, including 11 endemic species. Hence, there is no doubt that southern China should be acknowledged as the distribution centre of Ctenochauliodes .     

THE ORIGIN OF AFROTROPICAL KINGFISHERS

Conclusions from a study of plumages, geographical distribution, and available anatomical and biological characters, are that the family Alcedinidae arose in Malesia, and that the 18 Afrotropical kingfishers are the product of 8–11 separate invasions from Malesia, one via America.
Halcyon badia and the H. leucocephala species-group (doubtfully including H. chelicuti ) represent separate invasions by Asian 'Entomobia', and the H. malimbica species-group may represent a third such influx (alternatively, all of these Halcyons are the product of one single ancient dacelonine colonization of Africa, and have then extended twice into Asia). H. chloris arrived independently and recently, from Oriental littoral stock. Ceyx madagascariensis colonized Madagascar from Malesia by trans-oceanic flight; the Ceyx lecontei species-group is the product of invasion by Oriental C. erithacus forebears, and the Corythornis cristata superspecies probably arose separately from Oriental stock closely-reiated with the Ceyx lecontei progenitor. Alcedo quadribrachys arose quite recently from ancestral Oriental A. meninting, and A. semitorquata originated even more recently from the tropical-temperate A. at this. The origin of Ceryle rudis is obscure but may be Oriental; and Megaceryle maxima appears to have originated in the Americas.     

赞青尺蛾属修订及其分布格局分析（鳞翅目：尺蛾科：尺蛾亚科）

本文对赞青尺蛾属Xenozancla Warren, 1893进行研究,重新描述了属、种特征,总结了属的鉴别特征;描述了种内雄外生殖器的变化并附图,提供了成虫形态、外生殖器图。提出银尺蛾属Yinchie Yang, 1978和枣灰银尺蛾Y. zaohuiYang, 1978 分别是赞青尺蛾属Xenozancla 和赞青尺蛾X. vericolor Warren 的新异名,并为赞青尺蛾X. vericolor Warren指定了选模。同时,采用临近距离平均法（mean propinquity method）结合GIS技术绘制了赞青尺蛾属分布格局图,并据此分析了其分布格局和分布特点,结果表明：该属为亚洲东部特有属,呈西南 华北走向;它在中国华北、华中、西南地区至印度可能存在一个连续的分布区,其分布格局应属于东洋界的东南亚热带-亚热带型。