苎麻atp6和atp9基因的克隆表达及与细胞质雄性不育的相关性

摘要: 根据GenBank报道的双子叶植物线粒体atp6和atp9基因编码区保守序列设计简并引物, 通过PCR技术从苎麻细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系(简称“三系”) mtDNA中扩增目的基因片段, 发现所得序列开放阅读框虽不完整, 但与GenBank报道的其他植物线粒体atp6和atp9基因同源性分别高于94%和85%。采用DNA Walking步移法分别从3′端和5′端扩增两个基因片段的未知侧翼序列, 分离出完整的苎麻线粒体atp6和atp9基因, 包含了完整的开放阅读框。其中“三系”的atp6基因在mtDNA水平、转录和翻译调控水平、蛋白质水平上均无差异。不育系atp9基因在编码区3′端与保持系和恢复系相比存在若干个碱基的差异和缺失; RT-PCR分析还表明, 不育系atp9基因在现蕾期和盛花期的表达量很高。推测不育系atp9基因的结构变异和/或异常表达与苎麻细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的关系密切。     

由基因序列开发番茄枯萎病抗性基因I-2的共显性分子标记

根据I-2的基因序列设计特异扩增引物对I-2/5F和I-2/5R, 扩增I-2基因3 132～3 765 bp之间片段, 基因型为I-2 / I-2的材料03F-7可扩增出633 bp的条带, 而基因型为i-2/ i-2的材料Moneymaker可扩增出693 bp的条带, 杂合型材料可扩增出以上2个条带。通过这两个特异扩增片段的克隆和测序证明, 抗病材料扩增的633 bp片段为I-2基因的3 132～3 765 bp之间的序列, 而感病等位基因中出现大量的碱基突变和60 bp片段插入。利用引物对I-2/5F和I-2/5R, 可区分纯合抗病材料、杂合抗病材料和纯合感病材料, 从而建立了I-2基因的共显性分子标记。在此基础上, 利用该标记对16个主要番茄品种进行基因型鉴定, 8个品种含有I-2基因, 其中1个品种基因型为I-2 / I-2, 其他品种为I-2 / i-2。通过一次PCR和一次HindⅢ酶切建立了I-2和Tm-22双基因检测体系, 为多基因鉴定及标记辅助选择提供了有力工具。     

猪PRLR和RBP4基因多态性与产仔性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP方法, 对莱芜黑猪、鲁莱黑猪、里岔黑猪、鲁烟白猪、新沂蒙黑猪5个山东地方/培育猪种和大约克夏、长白、杜洛克3个引进猪种共8个猪种323头繁殖母猪进行PRLR和RBP4基因的多态性检测, 并采用最小二乘法分析其对产仔数影响的遗传效应。结果表明: 两个基因位点在8个猪种的测定群体中均存在多态性, 但山东地方/培育猪种与引进猪种间在基因型频率上存在较大差异。PRLR和RBP4基因对产仔数性状有显著影响(P<0.05), AA均为优良基因型。对于PRLR基因, 山东地方/培育猪种内AA基因型母猪的总产仔数和活产仔数比BB基因型母猪平均多产1.03头和0.89头, 引进猪种中AA基因型母猪比BB基因型母猪平均多产分别为1.26头和1.11头。对于RBP4基因, 山东地方/培育猪种内AA基因型母猪的总产仔数和活产仔数比BB基因型母猪平均多产0.59头和0.51头, 引进猪种中AA基因型母猪比BB基因型母猪平均多产分别为0.72头和0.64头     

FBXO31基因对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

为了探讨FBXO31在宫颈癌中的表达情况及其对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响及其可能机制,本研究采用实时定量PCR法检测FBXO31在宫颈癌组织中的表达水平;MTT法检测Hela细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术检测Hela细胞周期分布;Western blotting检测Hela细胞FBXO31、β-catenin、CyclinD1和c-Myc蛋白的表达水平。研究结果表明,FBXO31在宫颈癌组织中表达明显下调(p0.05)。FBXO31过表达能够明显抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖能力。与空载质粒组比较,过表达FBXO31组的G1期细胞数显著增加,S期细胞数明显降低(p0.05)。本研究还发现FBXO31过表达能明显下调β-catenin蛋白、cyclin D1和c-Myc蛋白水平(p0.05)。本研究结论表明,FBXO31基因在宫颈癌中低表达;过表达FBXO31基因可通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路从而抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖。     

转OsCDPK7基因水稻的培育与耐盐性分析

以4℃处理的水稻品种辽盐241植株叶片总RNA为模板, 用基因特异引物通过RT-PCR扩增出1 700 bp的OsCDPK7基因。该基因序列比已报道的基因序列(GenBank登录号：AB042550)缺失了26个氨基酸, 而丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性中心和钙结合结构域完整, 具备钙依赖的蛋白激酶活性。构建了由组成型启动子E12调控的OsCDPK7基因植物表达载体, 利用农杆菌介导法转化水稻, 经Km筛选及Southern杂交验证, 获得10株转基因植株。耐盐性分析表明：OsCDPK7基因的组成型表达提高了T₂代转基因植株的耐盐性, 部分转基因水稻在0.2 mol/L NaCl培养基中能够萌发; 幼苗期水稻经0.4 mol/L NaCl浇灌10 d, 去除胁迫后能恢复正常生长; 而对照在以上情况下均不能萌发和恢复。结果表明, 利用植物信号转导过程中的调控因子能够提高转基因作物的耐盐性。然而, 在不同耐性的转基因植株中, OsCDPK7基因的表达有一定的差异。     

MC4R、POU1F1基因对京海黄鸡生长性能的遗传效应

以MC4R和POU1F1基因为候选基因, 采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测两个候选基因在京海黄鸡群体中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs), 同时对候选基因与京海黄鸡生长性能的相关性进行了研究。结果表明, MC4R基因编码区第662 bp位置有G→C碱基的点突变, 在京海黄鸡中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型, A等位基因频率为0.929, B等位基因频率为0.071; 在POU1F1基因exon3在序列的第5 231 bp位置有一个A→T碱基的点突变, 检测到CC、CD、DD 3种基因型, C等位基因频率为0.500, D等位基因频率为0.500。采用GLM模型分析基因型对生长性能的遗传效应, 结果表明, MC4R基因AA基因型个体的4、8、12周龄体重显著地高于BB型个体(P<0.05), 16周龄体重差异极显著(P<0.01); POU1F1基因CD基因型个体体重极显著高于CC型和DD型(P<0.01)。因此推测MC4R和POU1F1基因可能是影响鸡生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因, 能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对鸡生长性状的遗传改良。     

实验性脾虚小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖周期和免疫细胞化学的研究

本文用流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）和免疫细胞化学方法,检测了实验性小鼠脾的淋巴细胞增殖周期和５－溴脱氧尿苷阳性细胞（ＢｒｄＵ￣＋）在脾脏内的分布．以及脾小结中ＩｇＭ￣＋细胞的反应。结果显示由利血平诱发的脾虚小鼠Ｓ期细胞数最少（占５％）,Ｇ＿１和Ｇ＿２＋Ｍ期细胞增加。经过健脾汤治疗后Ｓ期细胞增至１０％,与对照组比较无显著性差异．但高于自然恢复组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。经免疫细胞化学显示：脾虚组小鼠的脾中５－溴脱氧尿苷阳性细胞（ＢｒｄＵ￣＋）的数量远低于其它组。脾小结缩小,帽状区ＩｇＭ￣＋Ｂ细胞基本消失,经健脾汤治疗后,复健组的脾小结与自然恢复组比较,体积明显增大,生发中心的ＢｒｄＵ￣＋和帽状区ＩｇＭ￣＋Ｂ淋巴细胞均相应增多。提示健脾汤有促进ＤＮＡ和ＩｇＭ合成及细胞增殖作用。     

RNAi沉默STAT3基因对人大细胞肺癌细胞增殖的影响

旨在研究RNAi沉默STAT3基因对人大细胞肺癌NCI-H460细胞增殖的影响。针对STAT3基因mRNA设计合成5条短发夹DNA,构建重组SiRNA-ST3质粒(命名为SiRNA-ST3-1,2,3,4,N)。用重组质粒分别转染NCI-H460细胞,RT-PCR法检测转染24 h后STAT3 mRNA的表达;Western blotting法检测转染24 h和48 h后STAT3、pSTAT3蛋白表达;MTT法检测转染24 h、48 h、72 h后NCI-H460细胞增殖情况。结果显示,SiRNA-ST3载体构建成功。RT-PCR和Western blotting检测结果表明,NCI-H460细胞转染重组质粒SiRNA-ST3-2和SiRNA-ST3-3后STAT3基因mRNA转录和STAT3、pSTAT3蛋白表达都明显下降(P<0.05)。与未转染组比,SiRNA-ST3-2组和SiRNA-ST3-3组NCI-H460增殖能力24 h、48 h降低明显(P<0.05);与SiRNA-ST3-N组比,SiRNA-ST3-2组和SiRNA-ST3-3组NCI-H460增殖能力48 h降低明显(P<0.05)。由此证实,构建的重组质粒SiRNA-ST3-2、SiRNA-ST3-3能有效靶向沉默STAT3基因,并抑制人大细胞肺癌NCI-H460细胞的增殖能力。     

FGF5基因对内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的影响

根据FGF5基因已知DNA序列设计了2对引物, 采用PCR-SSCP和PCR-RFLP技术, 在内蒙古绒山羊群体中进行基因多态性检测, 结果发现FGF5基因外显子1存在限制性内切酶BglⅠ多态位点。对其不同基因型个体PCR回收产物进行测序, 测序结果发现该SNP是由碱基序列C→T的突变而引起的。基因型和基因频率统计, 该实验群体以等位基因A具有明显的优势, χ2检验表明该SNP位点的基因频率处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态; 对该SNP与绒毛性状关联分析, 表明该SNP对绒纤维伸直长度(P<0.01)和含绒量(P<0.05)有显著影响, 而对其他各绒毛性状的影响不显著(P>0.05)。AB基因型个体绒纤维伸直长度(P<0.01)和含绒量(P<0.05)显著高于AA基因型个体。     

秦川牛IGF2基因SNPs检测及其与胴体、肉质性状的相关性

采用PCR-SSCP方法对186头24月龄秦川牛IGF2基因进行了SNPs多态性检测, 并将其与部分胴体和肉质性状进行关联分析。在IGF2基因120碱基处发现C→T 突变, 在279碱基处发现 A→G 突变。方差分析结果表明: BB、DD 两个位点与胴体性状中与宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、胴体胸深、眼肌面积显著相关(P<0.05), 其中背部皮下脂肪厚达到差异极显著(P<0.01); 与肉质性状大理石花纹、嫩度、pH24 (牛肉排酸24 h后的酸度值)显著相关(P<0.05)。但是在胴体深、系水力指标中差异不显著(P>0.05)。A、D 等位基因是群体中的优势等位基因, AA、DD 基因型是优势基因型, 而含有B、D 等位基因的个体的胴体和肉质性状优于其他个体, 尤其有着极强脂肪沉积能力     

Interactions in the error-prone postreplication repair proteins hREV1, hREV3, and hREV7

Most mutations after DNA damage in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are induced by error-prone translesion DNA synthesis employing scRev1 and DNA polymerase zeta that consists of scRev3 and scRev7 proteins. Recently, the human REV1 (hREV1) and REV3 (hREV3) genes were identified, and their products were revealed to be involved in UV-induced mutagenesis, as observed for their yeast counterparts. Human REV7 (hREV7) was also cloned, and its product was found to interact with hREV3, but the biological function of hREV7 remained unknown. We report here the analyses of precise interactions in the human REV proteins. The interaction between hREV1 and hREV7 was identified by the yeast two-hybrid library screening using a bait of hREV7, which was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo binding assays. The homodimerization of hREV7 was also detected in the two-hybrid analysis. In addition, the precise domains for interaction between hREV7 and hREV1 or hREV3 and for hREV7 homodimerization were determined. Although hREV7 interacts with both hREV1 and hREV3, a stable complex formation of the three proteins was undetectable in vitro. These findings suggest the possibility that hREV7 might play an important role in regulating the enzymatic activities of hREV1 and hREV3 for mutagenesis in response to DNA damage.     

Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation

Normal cell-cycle progression is a crucial task for every multicellular organism, as it determines body size and shape, tissue renewal and senescence, and is also crucial for reproduction. On the other hand, dysregulation of the cell-cycle progression leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is a tightly regulated process, with multifaceted and very complex control mechanisms. It is now well established that one of those mechanisms relies on ion channels, and in many cases specifically on potassium channels. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the importance of potassium channels in cell-cycle control and briefly review some of the identified channels that illustrate the multiple ways in which this group of proteins can influence cell proliferation and modulate cell-cycle progression.     

Role of eIF3a in regulating cell cycle progression

Translational control is an essential process in regulation of gene expression, which occurs at the initiation step performed by a number of translation initiation factor complexes. eIF3a (eIF3 p170) is the largest subunit of the eIF3 complex. eIF3a has been suggested to play roles in regulating translation of a subset of mRNAs and in regulating cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. In this study, we examined the expression profile of eIF3a in cell cycle and its role in cell cycle progression. We found that eIF3a expression oscillated with cell cycle and peaked in S phase. Reducing eIF3a expression also reduced cell proliferation rate by elongating cell cycle but did not change the cell cycle distribution. However, eIF3a appears to play an important role in cellular responses to external cell cycle modulators likely by affecting synthesis of target proteins of these modulators.     

Role of the retinoblastoma protein in cell cycle arrest mediated by a novel cell surface proliferation inhibitor

A novel cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide (CeReS-18), purified from the cell surface of bovine cerebral cortex cells has been shown to be a potent and reversible inhibitor of proliferation of a wide array of fibroblasts as well as epithelial-like cells and nontransformed and transformed cells. To investigate the possible mechanisms by which CeReS-18 exerts its inhibitory action, the effect of the inhibitor on the posttranslational regulation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (RB), a tumor suppressor gene, has been examined. It is shown that CeReS-18 mediated cell cycle arrest of both human diploid fibroblasts (HSBP) and mouse fibroblasts (Swiss 3T3) results in the maintenance of the RB protein in the hypophosphorylated state, consistent with a late G1 arrest site. Although their normal nontransformed counterparts are sensitive to cell cycle arrest mediated by CeReS-18, cell lines lacking a functional RB protein, through either genetic mutation or DNA tumor virus oncoprotein interaction, are less sensitive. The refractory nature of these cells is shown to be independent of specific surface receptors for the inhibitor, and another tumor suppressor gene (p53) does not appear to be involved in the CeReS-18 inhibition of cell proliferation. The requirement for a functional RB protein product, in order for CeReS-18 to mediate cell cycle arrest, is discussed in light of regulatory events associated with density-dependent growth inhibition. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

肿瘤细胞恶性增殖和细胞周期调控改变的分子机制

真核细胞通过复杂的细胞周期调控系统控制细胞的分裂,从而维持有机体的正常代谢和增殖.细胞周期的调控是由一系列重要的信号分子和周期蛋白家族来完成的,这些调节因子发生突变或者表达水平发生改变,将导致细胞周期调控的改变,使细胞增殖能力增强、分化减弱,丧失细胞原有的功能,最终发展成肿瘤细胞.因此细胞周期及其相关调控蛋白和信号机制成为抗肿瘤研究的热点.     

Role of proliferation in LAK cell development

Summary Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity may be largely the result of activation and/or expansion of peripheral blood natural killer cells by culture with interleukin-2 (IL-2). We have examined the role of proliferation in LAK cell development by either inhibiting or enhancing the proliferative potential of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Inhibition of proliferation was accomplished using irradiation, mitomycin C, or the iron chelator deferoxamine. For each of these agents, a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation was observed. At doses of inhibitor which nearly completely blocked thymidine uptake, the development of LAK activity was only partially impaired. The mitogenic lectins phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) augmented the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to IL-2. However, augmentation by PHA, but not Con A, consistently resulted in a decrease in LAK activity. This inhibition of LAK activity by PHA did not appear to be due to inhibition of the effector cell, nor to preferential expansion of irrelevant cells. These data suggests that not all LAK activity is dependent on proliferation, and that high levels of proliferation in the presence of IL-2 do not necessarily lead to LAK activity.This work was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service Grant CA-34442 (S. H. G.) and pre-doctoral training grant CA-09120 (F. J. R.)