我国保护地生态旅游发展现状调查分析

了解我国保护地生态旅游发展现状,为制定我国生态旅游政策和推动旅游资源与环境保护提供理论支撑.调查结果显示,我国大多数保护地开展了生态旅游,现状特征主要是:(1)有一定的生态旅游市场规模,生态旅游产品趋于多样化;(2)基础设施的生态兼容性不够;(3)环境解说系统普遍建立,但专业化程度较低;(4)生态环境状况良好,但环境管理体系仍需完善;(5)社区参与经济效益好,但参与深度有限;(6)我国保护地生态旅游从业人员数量不足,且导游在生态旅游方面的专业素养亟待提高;(7)生态旅游管理受到重视,但相关措施有待完善;(8)资金投入不够、管理体制未理顺是阻碍我国保护地生态旅游发展较为普通的问题.     

鸭稻共作生态系统的实践与理论问题探讨

鸭稻共作技术作为一项环保性生态农业技术,现已在亚洲许多国家和我国多个省份得到应用和推广。为了使鸭稻共作技术模式更好地、更科学地推广应用,还有很多实践和理论问题需要加以研究探索和解决,主要包括:(1)水稻品种和鸭子品种的筛选问题;(2)鸭稻共作模式系统的结构优化问题;(3)鸭子的生态学功能过程及其内在机理有关的科学问题;(4)水稻病虫害的综合防治问题;(5)稻田土壤肥力维持问题;(6)田间日常管理问题;(7)鸭子饲料来源问题;(8)稻田鸭子的疫病综合防治问题;(9)鸭稻共作技术模式的标准化问题;(10)鸭稻共作技术模式的经济效益问题。     

樟树全基因组调查

樟树是我国特有的珍贵用材和经济树种,富含多糖多酚、萜类等次生代谢物质,是香精香料、油脂化工和医药等的重要原料树种。本研究采用高通量测序技术(Illumina HiseqTM2000)首次测定了樟树基因组大小,并利用生物信息方法估计樟树杂合率、重复序列情况和GC含量等基因组信息,为全基因组测序策略的选择提供依据。主要结论如下:(1)樟树基因组大小粗略估计为760 Mb左右;(2)樟树基因组有较高的杂合率和一定的重复,杂合率约为0.65%;(3)由于樟树杂合率较高,全基因组鸟枪法策略不适合该基因组测序分析,可尝试使用BAC-to-BAC策略或fosmid策略,有利于樟树基因组的序列拼接和组装。     

原位杂交技术在稻属研究中的应用

在文献综述的基础上,对原位杂交技术在稻属的应用进行了介绍,主要包括3个方面:(1)特定 DNA序列的定位;(2)构建染色体的物理图谱及其与遗传图谱之间的关系;(3)稻属基因组间关系的研究。     

肌苷酸及其相关酶的研究进展

肌苷酸(IMP)是一种重要的核酸代谢中间产物,同时也是重要的风味物质。从以下几个方面进行综述:(1)IMP结构与特性;(2)IMP的代谢,包含从头合成,补救途径以及分解IMP的酶;(3)IMP代谢相关酶的结构、功能以及酶的基因研究;(4)IMP检测技术以及该技术在各个研究领域的应用情况;(5)IMP含量的调控,主要论述各种外源性调控手段以及对每种调控方法的评价;(6)IMP研究展望。从而使人们能够更加深入地了解、研究和利用IMP,用于指导人们的生产和生活。     

第七届全国生物多样性保护和持续利用研讨会会讯

第七届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会将于2006年8月在吉林省长春市召开。本次会议由国际生物多样性计划中国国家委员会与有关部门和组织共同主办。会议诚邀全国及海内外有识之士,共同研讨全球变化与生物多样性保护及其相关的科学与保护问题。会议主题:(1)全球气候变化与生物多样性保护;(2)全球森林生态系统网络与生物多样性永久监测;(3)生物多样性与生物安全;(4)湿地生物多样性;(5)全球环境变化与可持续发展;(6)生物多样性信息管理与知识传播;(7)生态建设与生物多样性保护;(8)物种濒危机制与保护对策特别专题:(1)生态系统控制实验;(2)…     

真核细胞重复顺序DNA研究的一些进展

本文从如下几方面介绍了真核细胞重复顺序DNA结构功能研究的一些进展:(1)串联重复顺序是构成基因多态性的分子基础,基因多态性分析已用于家系分析;(2)一些短的重复顺序如LTR上具有转录调节信号,对基因表达起调控作用;(3)一些重复顺序的表达,与细胞生长分化有一定的相关性;(4)重复顺序在种属演化中具有一定的意义。     

微生物混合发酵的研究及应用

由于不同微生物之间的正相互作用,人们发现应用两种或两种以上微生物混合发酵能更好地解决实践中的许多问题。在过去几年中,对微生物的混合发酵的应用以及其中微生物之间的相互作用机理的研究取得了明显进展,主要有以下4个方面:(1)对生物质的降解利用;(2)对环境污染物的降解;(3)生产特定的代谢产物;(4)混合发酵的工艺。综述了微生物混合发酵的应用及相关机理、涉及的微生物和影响因素。     

分子遗传学在消化道微生态学研究中的应用

近20年来,消化道微生态学得到了迅速的发展,主要成就有:(1)实验技术的发展,如悉生动物的普及,厌氧培养技术的完善、肠道微生物代谢产物分析技术的建立等;(2)对人和动物消化道生态系统及正常菌群的特征与作用有了进一步的了解;(3)研究成果迅速应用于实践,如在新生儿中接种无质粒非致病大肠杆菌以防止致病性大肠杆菌的肠道定植,各种益生素(Probiotics)在人或畜牧业中的应用。我国学者也做了大量工作,并取得了相当成果(详见各期《中国微生态学杂志》)。     

蚂蚁物种多样性大尺度空间分布研究进展

生物多样性空间分布模式及成因一直是生态学研究的重点领域。许多研究选取分布广泛、生物多样性高的蚂蚁作为研究材料,以探讨驱动生物多样性分布的因素,并指示和监控环境变化。本文主要介绍了:(1)蚂蚁物种多样性空间分布规律;(2)影响蚂蚁物种多样性空间分布的因子(如气候、生产力和历史因素等)以及解释其分布格局的假说(包括物种—能量假说(species-energy theory)、面积假说(geographic area hypothesis)、中域效应假说(mid-domain effect hypothesis,MDE)、Rapoport效应假说(Rapoport's rescue hypothesis)和历史假说(historical hypothesis));(3)相关的分析方法;(4)抽样效应对于大尺度研究的影响;(5)利用蚂蚁属多样性代替物种多样性研究的利弊。并从抽样技术、研究对象、研究区域和应用性等方面讨论了当前研究的不足。建议今后的研究应采用标准抽样方法,注重不同生物地理区域之间数据的比较,并加强抽样薄弱地区和应用方面的研究。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV