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1.
氧化应激是脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)后脊髓神经元细胞继发性损伤的重要机制,但是如何缓解氧化应激目前仍然不明确。该文培养SD(Sprague Dawley)大鼠原代脊髓神经元细胞,使用不同浓度的H-2O_2作用于神经元细胞12 h后,Western blot检测LC3-II、Beclin-1和P62蛋白质水平变化,分析自噬水平,电镜和绿色荧光蛋白标的记微管相关蛋白轻链3(green fluorescent proteinmicrotubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,GFP-LC3)转染观察自噬的数量。ATG5 si RNA转染抑制自噬和雷帕霉素(rapamycin)促进细胞自噬,并使用CCK-8和TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling)染色分析自噬对氧化应激下神经元细胞的作用。结果显示,随着H-2O_2浓度增加,LC3-II和Beclin-1蛋白质水平显著升高,而P62蛋白质水平显著下降(P0.05)。透射电镜和共聚焦观察发现,10、50μmol/L H-2O_2可以增加神经元细胞中自噬体的数量。与对照组比较,H-2O_2明显抑制神经元细胞的活力(P0.05),ATG5 si RNA抑制自噬水平后,H-2O_2作用下的细胞活力进一步下降,而雷帕霉素促进自噬后却可以提高细胞的活力(P0.05)。TUNEL和膜联蛋白V/PI(annexin V/PI)染色结果发现,雷帕霉素可以抑制H-2O_2引起的神经元细胞凋亡(P0.05)。该研究结果提示,脊髓神经元细胞处于氧化应激状态下时,自噬代偿性激活并保护神经元细胞。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导神经胶质瘤U251细胞损伤中自噬和凋亡发生的时间顺序。方法:实验分为4组:正常对照组、1mmol/L H2O2作用(6h、12h、24h)组。应用MTF法检测H202对神经胶质瘤U251细胞生存率的影响;MDC染色检测自噬空泡的变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率变化。Western blot检测Beclin1和胞浆cyt c蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组相比,1mmol/L H2O2作用下,U251细胞存活率明显降低,并呈时间依赖性。与对照组相比,1mmol/L H2O2作用后,6h时U251细胞自噬空泡明显增加,自噬相关蛋白Beclin1表达明显增加,12h、24h细胞自噬水平逐渐增强;而6h时未见细胞凋亡率明显变化及cyt c由线粒体向胞浆的释放,12h、24h时细胞凋亡率明显增加,胞浆中cyt c蛋白表达明显增强(P〈0.05)。结论:氧化损伤能够诱导神经胶质瘤U251细胞发生自噬和凋亡,并且自噬发生于凋亡之前。  相似文献   

3.
《生命科学研究》2017,(3):233-238
氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS)是缺血性心肌病(ischemic cardiomyopathy,ICM)的主要发病机制之一,抗氧化应激损伤是防治缺血性心肌病的关键。为了探讨花旗松素(taxifolin,tax)对过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H_2O_2)诱导的大鼠心肌细胞H9C2氧化应激的影响及其可能的分子机制,将培养的H9C2心肌细胞随机分为对照组(Control)、氧化应激组(H_2O_2)、tax预处理组(tax+H_2O_2)、tax单独处理组(tax)。通过观察细胞形态的改变,检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的生成、自噬体自噬泡的形成,以及自噬(autophagy)相关蛋白质LC3 I/II、p62的表达,验证tax对氧化应激及自噬的影响。同时,通过检测Nrf2、HO-1、HIF1α的表达,研究可能存在的分子机制。研究发现tax可缓解H_2O_2诱导的H9C2细胞氧化应激,表现为细胞肥大形态缓解、ROS生成降低、MDA产生减少,而且Nrf2/HO-1/HIF1α蛋白的表达升高,自噬水平升高。实验结果表明:tax可能通过激活Nrf2/HO-1/HIF1α/Autophagy信号通路促进自噬及抗氧化应激,从而发挥心肌保护作用。  相似文献   

4.
去乙酰化酶SIRT1在许多生物过程中具有重要的作用,包括氧化应激、能量代谢、细胞分化及基因组稳定等。细胞的存活及其寿命和氧化应激的存在密切相关。氧化应激可引起多种病理表现,如内皮损伤、线粒体损伤、炎症、自噬、凋亡甚至坏死等。近来研究发现,SIRT1在多种氧化应激相关疾病中保护细胞存活。SIRT1可以通过调控不同转录因子而发挥抗氧化应激作用,但研究发现,SIRT1也对氧化应激有负性调控作用。本文就SIRT1对氧化应激的调控进行概述。  相似文献   

5.
为探究自噬抑制剂6-氨基-3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3-MA)对损伤细胞氧化应激水平的影响,将3-MA作用于H2O2诱导的PC12细胞损伤模型,以自噬增强剂雷帕霉素(rapamycin,Rap)作为对照,探讨自噬与氧化应激的关系。测定线粒体的膜电位和细胞内的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)与丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性,评价损伤细胞的氧化应激状态。单丹(磺)酰戊二胺(monodansylcadaverine,MDC)染色,观察损伤细胞的自噬情况。蛋白质印迹分析损伤细胞中的自噬相关蛋白质LC3-II/LC3-I比值变化。实验结果显示:与正常组相比,H2O2损伤细胞的ROS水平上升到正常组的141%,MDA含量增加(P<0.001);CAT与SOD酶活力显著降低(P<0.001),差异均有统计学意义,证明损伤细胞氧化应激水平增加;MDC染色结果表明,H2O2组自噬明显增加。Western印迹结果表明,LC3-II/LC3-I值显著升高(P<0.05);与损伤组相比,3-MA组MDC染色结果表明,自噬水平降低。Western印迹结果表明,LC3-II/LC3-I值下降;细胞内ROS水平升高,增加到正常组的208%。MDA含量增加(P<0.001),CAT、SOD酶活力降低(P<0.001)。综上结果表明,自噬抑制剂可增加H2O2诱导的PC12细胞损伤模型的氧化应激水平,增加细胞凋亡。  相似文献   

6.
本研究旨在解析仔猪脑海马甘丙肽2型受体(galanin receptors type 2,GALR2)参与氧化应激调节的分子机制.本研究基于成功构建的仔猪活体和大鼠海马神经元氧化应激模型,采用实时PCR技术考察仔猪脑海马和大鼠海马神经元GALR2的表达变化.并采用实时PCR、蛋白质印迹法及透射电镜技术进一步探索GALR2介导的信号途径和自噬之间的关系.结果发现,与对照组相比,氧化应激仔猪脑海马与大鼠海马神经元GALR2的转录水平上调(P0.01;P0.05).同时,氧化应激神经元自噬相关基因LC3、ATG5与Beclin-1的转录水平均上调(P0.05;P0.05;P0.01).相关性分析结果显示,GALR2与LC3、ATG5及Beclin-1的转录水平正相关(P0.05;P0.05;P0.01). GALR2特异性抑制剂M871的处理降低氧化应激海马神经元的活力(P0.01)、抑制氧化应激引起的自噬小体数量增多(P0.01)、自噬相关基因LC3、Beclin-1及ATG5转录水平的上调(均P0.01)以及LC3-Ⅱ/β-actin比值与P62蛋白质水平的升高(均P0.05),表明伴随GALR2表达水平的抑制,被氧化应激上调的海马神经元自噬效应被抑制,从而削弱对氧化损伤的抵抗,降低了神经元的活力.与此同时,M871的处理也降低了被氧化应激上调的JNK蛋白表达量(P0.01)及磷酸化水平(P0.05),表明JNK是GALR2调控海马神经元氧化应激的下游靶酶.而JNK特异性抑制剂SP600125的处理则下调了被氧化应激上调的自噬标记蛋白LC3-Ⅱ/β-actin比值(P0.01),表明氧化应激状态下,抑制的JNK阻碍了神经元中上调的GALR2对自噬信号通路的激活.综上可见:氧化应激状态下,海马神经元中上调的GALR2可通过调节JNK信号途径激活细胞自噬途径,从而降低神经元的氧化应激损伤,保护神经元.  相似文献   

7.
镉是一种有毒的重金属,其对环境和人类的健康造成巨大危害。越来越多的证据表明镉对多个器官和系统造成损害,甚至引起癌变和肿瘤。自噬是进化上保守的,利用溶酶体途径降解细胞内蛋白质和细胞器的过程。一方面,自噬通过清除受损的细胞器保护细胞免受镉损伤;而当细胞受到的损伤不可逆时,自噬作为一种死亡机制导致细胞死亡。自噬在镉引起的细胞损伤中的作用目前仍有争议,可能是镉的剂量和暴露时间的不同造成了自噬在损伤中的作用不同。目前对自噬在其中的作用机理研究,主要集中在m TOR,Ca2+,Beclin-1等信号分子。对镉与自噬分子机理的研究,可以为治疗和预防镉中毒提供新思路。综述了自噬在镉致细胞毒性中的作用,以及镉诱导细胞自噬的信号调节通路。  相似文献   

8.
目的:观察谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)对神经元Che-1蛋白表达的影响,研究过表达Che-1对Glu所致神经元氧化应激性损伤的作用,并以mTOR调控的细胞自噬通路为靶点,探讨Che-1在Glu所致神经元损伤中发挥作用的分子机制。方法:用Glu损伤神经元后,采用免疫学及分子生物学等方法检测Che-1蛋白的表达;用慢病毒转染神经元增加Che-1表达,用乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)释放量和流式细胞术等方法检测神经元凋亡程度,采用免疫荧光染色和免疫印迹法检测神经元自噬关键蛋白表达水平;使用mTOR特异性抑制剂雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)提高神经元自噬水平,并通过检测LDH释放量和流式细胞术研究自噬在神经元转归中的作用。结果:Glu可显著增加神经元Che-1蛋白表达;过表达Che-1可减轻Glu所致神经元损伤,并减轻Glu所致神经元自噬;通过Rapamycin激活自噬可逆转Che-1对Glu所致神经元损伤的保护作用。结论:过表达Che-1蛋白可通过抑制神经元自噬对Glu所致神经元损伤发挥保护作用。  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨自噬在血卟啉单甲醚(Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether,HMME)介导的声动力疗法(Sonodynamic therapy,SDT)抑制C6胶质瘤细胞增殖中的作用。方法:选取对数期生长的C6胶质瘤细胞并随机分为四组:对照组(未予处理)、超声组(单独超声照射)、HMME组(单独加入HMME)、SDT组(超声照射+HMME)。透射电镜观察SDT处理的C6胶质瘤细胞中自噬体数量的改变。应用qRT-PCR和免疫印迹分析SDT处理对C6胶质瘤细胞中的LC3、Beclin1、Bcl-2 m RNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。MTT检测C6胶质瘤细胞的活力变化。结果:透射电子显微镜显示SDT组自噬体数量较对照组明显增多。SDT组C6胶质瘤细胞中微管相关蛋白1轻链3 (Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3, LC3)、Beclin1 m RNA和蛋白水平高于对照组,B细胞淋巴瘤-2(B cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) m RNA和蛋白水平低于对照组。与对照组相比,SDT组C6胶质瘤细胞存活率从0 h至6 h逐渐下降,从12 h至72 h逐渐升高。3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-Methyladenine,3-MA)+SDT、氯喹(Chloroquine,CQ)+SDT处理后C6胶质瘤细胞存活率较SDT组明显降低。结论:SDT可能通过诱导自噬抑制C6胶质瘤细胞增殖。  相似文献   

10.
目的观察铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(PEA)对MLE-12细胞的氧化应激损伤及其自噬活动的影响。方法体外培养MLE-12细胞至对数生长期,分别采用PEA 0、200、400、800和1 000ng/mL处理细胞1h和2h,之后进一步采用PEA 1 000ng/mL处理细胞15min、30min、1h、2h和3h,应用过氧化氢试剂盒检测H2O2的生成量,Western-blot法检测微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)的表达,分析LC3II与β-actin之间的比值变化。结果与对照组细胞相比较,随着PEA浓度的增高,细胞的H2O2检出量逐渐增加,PEA处理2h后,各组细胞H2O2检出量分别是对照组的1.73、2.09、3.82和5.06倍(P0.01)。与此同时,细胞中自噬标记物LC3II的表达量显著增加。此外,高浓度PEA(1 000ng/mL)处理细胞后,随着时间的延长,H2O2检出量明显升高,同时伴随着细胞自噬活动的增强。结论 PEA可以诱导MLE-12细胞产生氧化应激损伤,并激活细胞的自噬活动。  相似文献   

11.
Proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2) is an integral ion channel membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein has been shown to be highly expressed in many cancer types, but its importance in glioma progression is poorly understood. Using publicly available datasets (Rembrandt, TCGA and CGGA), we found that the expression of PLP2 was significantly higher in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas. We confirmed these results at the protein level through IHC staining of high-grade (n = 56) and low-grade glioma biopsies (n = 16). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that increased PLP2 expression was associated with poorer patient survival. In functional experiments, siRNA and shRNA PLP2 knockdown induced ER stress and increased apoptosis and autophagy in U87 and U251 glioma cell lines. Inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine augmented apoptotic cell death in U87- and U251-siPLP2 cells. Finally, intracranial xenografts derived from U87- and U251-shPLP2 cells revealed that loss of PLP2 reduced glioma growth in vivo. Our results therefore indicate that increased PLP2 expression promotes GBM growth and that PLP2 represents a potential future therapeutic target.  相似文献   

12.
Zhong J  Kong X  Zhang H  Yu C  Xu Y  Kang J  Yu H  Yi H  Yang X  Sun L 《PloS one》2012,7(6):e39378
CLIC4/mtCLIC, a chloride intracellular channel protein, localizes to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus and cytoplasm, and participates in the apoptotic response to stress. Apoptosis and autophagy, the main types of the programmed cell death, seem interconnected under certain stress conditions. However, the role of CLIC4 in autophagy regulation has yet to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate upregulation and nuclear translocation of the CLIC4 protein following starvation in U251 cells. CLIC4 siRNA transfection enhanced autophagy with increased LC3-II protein and puncta accumulation in U251 cells under starvation conditions. In that condition, the interaction of the 14-3-3 epsilon isoform with CLIC4 was abolished and resulted in Beclin 1 overactivation, which further activated autophagy. Moreover, inhibiting the expression of CLIC4 triggered both mitochondrial apoptosis involved in Bax/Bcl-2 and cytochrome c release under starvation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis with CHOP and caspase-4 upregulation. These results demonstrate that CLIC4 nuclear translocation is an integral part of the cellular response to starvation. Inhibiting the expression of CLIC4 enhances autophagy and contributes to mitochondrial and ER stress-induced apoptosis under starvation.  相似文献   

13.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cerebral gliomas. Despite advances in therapies, the prognosis is still very poor. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are required. As a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib has shown its efficacy as an active antitumor agent against a variety of tumors. However, inhibition of proteasome activity leads to cell death and also induces cell autophagy, and due to the dual roles of autophagy in the survival and death of tumor cells, the effect of inhibition of autophagy on glioblastoma cells remains to be explored. We therefore assessed whether bortezomib is capable of inducing autophagy, and investigated the antitumor effect of bortezomib combined with autophagy inhibitors on human glioblastoma U251 and U87 cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The expressions of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. U251 and U87 cells proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Both apoptosis and autophagy induced by bortezomib were observed in human glioblastoma U87 and U251 cells. However, when U251 and U87 cells were co-treated with bortezomib and autophagy inhibitors 3-MA or Atg7 siRNA, the autophagy inhibitors blocked the autophagy in the cells and resulted in a further inhibition of cell proliferation and a further increase in cell apoptosis as compared with that treated with bortezomib alone. These findings indicated that combination of bortezomib and autophagy inhibitors may shed new light on glioblastoma treatment.  相似文献   

14.
Our previous study showed that RalA-binding protein 1 (RLIP76) is overexpressed in gliomas and is associated with higher tumour grade and decreased patient survival. Furthermore, RLIP76 downregulation increases chemosensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide by inducing apoptosis. However, other mechanisms underlying RLIP76-associated chemoresistance are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of RLIP76 depletion on autophagy. RLIP76 was knocked down in U251 glioma cells using shRNA and autophagy-related proteins, and PI3K/Akt signalling components were evaluated. RLIP76 depletion significantly increased cell autophagy as demonstrated by a significant increase in LC3 II, autophagy protein 5 (ATG-5), and Beclin1, and a decrease in p62 expression levels. Furthermore, RLIP76 knockdown increased autophagic flux in U251 cells as autolysosome numbers increased relative to autophagosome numbers. Autophagy induced by RLIP76 knockdown resulted in increased apoptosis that was independent of temozolomide treatment. Moreover, RLIP76 knockdown decreased PI3K and Akt activation. RLIP76 depletion also resulted in decreased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, led to increased autophagy and apoptosis in U251 RLIP76-depleted cells. Therefore, RLIP76 knockdown increased autophagic flux and apoptosis in U251 glioma cells, possibly through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, this study provides a novel mechanism for the role of RLIP76 in glioma pathogenesis and chemoresistance.  相似文献   

15.
Zeng Y  Yang X  Wang J  Fan J  Kong Q  Yu X 《PloS one》2012,7(1):e30312
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival and tissue homeostasis. However, limited information is available about autophagy in aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and related signaling pathway during progression of AAI-induced injury to renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E cells). The results showed that autophagy in NRK52E cells was detected as early as 3-6 hrs after low dose of AAI (10 μM) exposure as indicated by an up-regulated expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1 proteins. The appearance of AAI-induced punctated staining of autophagosome-associated LC3-II upon GFP-LC3 transfection in NRK52E cells provided further evidence for autophagy. However, cell apoptosis was not detected until 12 hrs after AAI treatment. Blockade of autophagy with Wortmannin or 3-Methyladenine (two inhibitors of phosphoinositede 3-kinases) or small-interfering RNA knockdown of Beclin 1 or Atg7 sensitized the tubular cells to apoptosis. Treatment of NRK52E cells with AAI caused a time-dependent increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activity, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with U0126 resulted in a decreased AAI-induced autophagy that was accompanied by an increased apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrated for the first time that autophagy occurred earlier than apoptosis during AAI-induced tubular epithelial cell injury. Autophagy induced by AAI via ERK1/2 pathway might attenuate apoptosis, which may provide a protective mechanism for cell survival under AAI-induced pathological condition.  相似文献   

16.
We examined whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy provides cytoprotection from renal tubular epithelial cell injury due to oxidants and chemical hypoxia in vitro, as well as from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in vivo. We demonstrate that the ER stress inducer tunicamycin triggers an unfolded protein response, upregulates ER chaperone Grp78, and activates the autophagy pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells in culture. Inhibition of ER stress-induced autophagy accelerated caspase–3 activation and cell death suggesting a pro-survival role of ER stress-induced autophagy. Compared to wild-type cells, autophagy-deficient MEFs subjected to ER stress had enhanced caspase–3 activation and cell death, a finding that further supports the cytoprotective role of ER stress-induced autophagy. Induction of autophagy by ER stress markedly afforded cytoprotection from oxidants H2O2 and tert-Butyl hydroperoxide and from chemical hypoxia induced by antimycin A. In contrast, inhibition of ER stress-induced autophagy or autophagy-deficient cells markedly enhanced cell death in response to oxidant injury and chemical hypoxia. In mouse kidney, similarly to renal epithelial cells in culture, tunicamycin triggered ER stress, markedly upregulated Grp78, and activated autophagy without impairing the autophagic flux. In addition, ER stress-induced autophagy markedly ameliorated renal IR injury as evident from significant improvement in renal function and histology. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine markedly increased renal IR injury. These studies highlight beneficial impact of ER stress-induced autophagy in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury both in vitro and in vivo.  相似文献   

17.
Glioma is a common primary brain tumor with high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a tumor suppressor in diverse cancer types. However, the role of MEG3 in glioma remains unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of MEG3 on U251 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. U251 cells were stably transfected with different recombined plasmids to overexpress or silence MEG3. Effects of aberrantly expressed MEG3 on cell viability, migration, apoptosis, expressions of apoptosis-associated and autophagy-associated proteins, and phosphorylated levels of key kinases in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were all evaluated. Then, messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of Sirt7 in cells abnormally expressing MEG3 were estimated. In addition, effects of abnormally expressed MEG3 and Sirt7 on U251 cells were determined to reveal the underlying mechanism of MEG3-associated modulation. Cell viability and migration were significantly reduced by MEG3 overexpression whereas cell apoptosis as well as Bax and cleaved caspase-3/-9 proteins were obviously induced. Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I were upregulated and p62 was downregulated in MEG3 overexpressed cells. In addition, the autophagy pharmacological inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) affected the effect of MEG3 overexpression on cell proliferation. Furthermore, the phosphorylated levels of key kinases in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were all reduced by MEG3 overexpression. Sirt7 was positively regulated by MEG3 expression, and effects of MEG3 overexpression on U251 cells were ameliorated by Sirt7 silence. MEG3 suppressed cell proliferation and migration but promoted autophagy in U251 cells through positively regulating Sirt7, involving in the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.  相似文献   

18.
In recent years, the role of capsaicin in cancer prevention and treatment has gained people’s attention. However, the mechanism of anti-glioma cells by capsaicin has not been elucidated. Here, we discuss the mechanism of capsaicin in U251 cells. Cell viability was detected by MTT and extracellular LDH measurements, while immunofluorescence was performed to measure changes of LC3 in U251 cells. The expressions of LC3II, Puma-α, Beclin1, P62, Procaspase-3, and P53 were observed by immunoblotting. The cell viability decreased and the punctate patterns of LC3 in U251 cells were observed after Capsaicin treatment. Meanwhile, the expressions of Beclin1, P62, and Puma-α increased. After using 3-MA, the expressions of Beclin1 and Procaspase-3 were reduced while those of P53 and Puma-α increased. The expression of LC3II was increased after Pifithrin-α treatment. Therefore, we believed that capsaicin could induce apoptosis in U251 cells, and the inhibition of autophagy could contribute to apoptosis.  相似文献   

19.
Oxaliplatin is included in a number of effective combination regimens used as first and subsequent lines of therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy plays a significant role in response to cancer therapy. However, the role of autophagy in oxaliplatin-induced cell death remains to be clarified. In this study, we showed that oxaliplatin induced cell death and autophagy in Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells. The suppression of autophagy using either pharmacologic inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1) or RNA interference in essential autophagy genes (ATG5 or Beclin1) enhanced the cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by oxaliplatin in Caco-2 cells. Blocking oxaliplatin-induced ROS production by using ROS scavengers (NAC or Tiron) decreased autophagy. Furthermore, numerous dilated endoplasmic reticula (ER) were present in oxaliplatin-treated Caco-2 cells, and blocking ER stress by RNA interference against candidate of metastasis-1 (P8) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) decreased autophagy and ROS production. Taken together, these data indicate that oxaliplatin activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response via ER stress and ROS in human colorectal cancer cells.  相似文献   

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