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1.
<正>短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards,1872)隶属鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)鼩鼱亚科(Soricinae)短尾鼩属,其模式产地为中国四川宝兴(Milne-Edwards,1872)。短尾鼩属的物种分布于亚洲中南部,共有4种,即A.assamensis、A.schmidi、A.squamipes和A.yamashinai(Wilson and Reeder,2005)。短尾鼩  相似文献   

2.
<正>川西缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hypsibia)(De Winton andStyan,1899)和小纹背鼩鼱(Sorexbedfordiae)(Thomas, 1911)同属于劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)。缺齿鼩鼱属(Chodsigoa,Kastschenko, 1907)全世界目前已知10个物种(Wilson and Mittermeier, 2018; Chen et al., 2022),其中川西缺齿鼩为中国特有,  相似文献   

3.
正淡灰豹鼩(Pantherina griselda)隶属于鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱亚科(Soricinae)豹鼩属(Pantherina),其模式产地为中国甘肃省临潭县(Thomas,1912)。由于淡灰豹鼩整体形态与黑齿鼩鼱属(Blarinella)中的原甘肃川鼩(B.griselda)相似,且二者同域分布,曾被记录为黑齿鼩鼱属中的一个隐存种Blarinella sp.(Bannikova et al.,2017);He等  相似文献   

4.
<正>台湾灰麝鼩(Crocidura tanakae Kuroda,1938)属于鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)麝鼩属,在台湾地区分布较广(Fang et al.,1997),其模式标本产于台湾台中市南投县。其后,Ellerman和Morrison-Scott (1951)等认为其是灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)的亚种或同物异名(Ellerman  相似文献   

5.
<正>霍氏缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hoffmanni)隶属劳亚食虫目(Eulipotyphla)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)缺齿鼩属(Chodsigoa Kastschenko, 1907),模式标本来自云南楚雄双柏县,在云南省无量山、哀牢山等地也有发现(Chen et al., 2017)。霍氏缺齿鼩一直被认为是云南缺齿鼩,直到Chen等(2017)使用分子系统学和形态学方法,发现位于澜沧江东西两岸的云南缺齿鼩存在着显著分化,  相似文献   

6.
于2013年和2018年在河南信阳新县与浉河共采集到3号鼩鼱成年个体标本,基于齿色特征初步鉴定为劳亚食虫目鼩鼱科麝鼩属(Crocidura)物种。对所采3号标本的Cyt b基因进行PCR扩增和测序,测序结果与GenBank数据库进行比对,并通过构建系统发育关系树进一步明确所采3只标本的分类地位。根据标本形态、头骨特征,结合分子生物学证据,确定该物种为台湾灰麝鼩(C.tanakae),为河南哺乳动物分布新记录种。标本现存于郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所(编号分别为IBE20131005、IBE2018100501和IBE2018100502)。  相似文献   

7.
在大兴安岭山脉呼中地区、塔河地区和呼伦湖地区,小兴安岭山脉萝北地区,长白山山脉横道河子地区、三道关地区、牡丹峰地区、凤凰山地区和新宾地区,对我国东北地区鼩鼱科动物进行了调查。共获得686号标本,首先利用形态特征描述和形态测量进行形态学物种鉴定,然后利用mtDNA Cyt b基因全序列构建系统发生树,使用ABGD软件进行分子生物学物种鉴定,形态学和分子生物学物种鉴定结果一致。证实东北地区鼩鼱科动物包括麝鼩属2种:大麝鼩(Crocidura lasiura)和山东小麝鼩(C. shantungensis); 鼩鼱属9种:大鼩鼱(Sorex mirabilis)、中鼩鼱(S. caecutiens)、远东鼩鼱(S. isodon)、苔原鼩鼱(S. tundrensis)、长爪鼩鼱(S. unguiculatus)、栗齿鼩鼱(S. daphaenodon)、细鼩鼱(S. gracillimus)、扁颅鼩鼱(S. roboratus)和姬鼩鼱(S. minutissimus)。调查发现大麝鼩和山东小麝鼩呈同域分布,且其分布更临近人类生活区。在我国东北地区,中鼩鼱、细鼩鼱和远东鼩鼱种群数量与分布范围较大,其它物种种群数量明显小于这3个物种;大鼩鼱和扁颅鼩鼱分布数量较小,苔原鼩鼱仅在呼伦湖地区被采集到,在此地与姬鼩鼱同域分布。栗齿鼩鼱仅在大兴安岭地区捕获到。文中测量各物种标本的外形(体重、头体长、尾长、尾长/头体长、后足长、耳长),及头骨(颅全长、颅基长、基长、脑颅宽、脑颅高、眶间宽、上齿列长、下齿列长、腭前部宽、腭后部宽),通过照片展示了鼩鼱属9个物种的颅骨形态特征,并给出每一物种的鉴别特征,作为东北地区鼩鼱科物种形态分类依据。  相似文献   

8.
大纹背鼩鼱(Sorex cylindricauda)和小纹背鼩鼱(Sorex bedfordiae)的划分,国外Corbet(1978,1980);Honacki,ctal.(1982);R.S.Hoffmann(1987)多已承认。本文拟通过在卧龙所采18号标本的研究,对其分类问题进行讨论。分布两种都属横断山脉——喜马拉雅山特有种。从水平分布看,小纹背鼩鼱除分布于我国四川、云南和陕西等省外,还分布于缅甸和尼泊尔。而大纹背鼩鼱目前仅发现在我国四川,为我国特有种。垂直分布也有差异,笔者1986年在卧龙采得这两种动物,小纹背鼩鼱分布区的海拔(2500—2900米)低于大纹背鼩鼱(2900—3600米),前者主要分布针阔混交…  相似文献   

9.
正台湾灰麝鼩(Crocidura tanakae)属于鼩形目(Soricomorpha)鼩鼱科(Soricidae),首次被Kuroda于1938描述,其模式产地在中国台湾台中市(Taichung)。随后一直被认为是灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)的亚种或同物异名(Corbet and Hill,1992;Hutterer,1993;Fang et al.,1997;Motoka-  相似文献   

10.
动物耗氧量可用以了解不同动物生态习性及生理活动的特点。Pearson(1947)、You-sef等(1971)、Weigold(1980)等曾对鼩鼱科小型种类的耗氧量作了一些研究。四川短尾鼩是鼩鼱科中比较大型的种类,其耗氧量未见前人报道,耗氧量类型与前者种类是否一致?因此,我们在同一实验条件下对树鼩与四川短尾鼩的体温及不同坏境温度下的耗氧量,产热量作了测定和比较。材料与方法实验用树鼩(Tupaia glis)23只,四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)26只。实验后检查,雄性动物附睾中有成熟精子,雌性处于非动情期。用小动物代谢测定器测定耗氧量。代谢室为长圆筒…  相似文献   

11.
Molecular phylogeny of soricid shrews (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) based on 1140 bp mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b ) sequences was inferred by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. All 13 genera of extant Soricinae and two genera of Crocidurinae were included in the analyses. Anourosorex was phylogenetically distant from the main groupings within Soricinae and Crocidurinae in the ML tree. Thus, it could not be determined to which subfamily Anourosorex should be assigned: Soricinae, Crocidurinae or a new subfamily. Soricinae (excluding Anourosorex ) should be divided into four tribes: Neomyini, Notiosoricini, Soricini and Blarinini. However, monophyly of Blarinini was not robust in the present data set. Also, branching orders among tribes of Soricinae and those among genera of Neomyini could not be determined because of insufficient phylogenetic information of the cyt b sequences. For water shrews of Neomyini ( Chimarrogale , Nectogale and Neomys ), monophyly of Neomys and the Chimarrogale – Nectogale group could not be verified, which implies the possibility of multiple origins for the semi-aquatic mode of living among taxa within Neomyini. Episoriculus may contain several separate genera. Blarinella was included in Blarinini not Soricini, based on the cyt b sequences, but the confidence level was rather low; hence more phylogenetic information is needed to determine its phylogenetic position. Furthermore, some specific problems of taxonomy of soricid shrews were clarified, for example phylogeny of local populations of Notiosorex crawfordi , Chimarrogale himalayica and Crocidura attenuata .  相似文献   

12.
Detailed knowledge of histomorphology is a prerequisite for the understanding of function, variation, and development. In bats, as in other mammals, penis and baculum morphology are important in species discrimination and phylogenetic studies. In this study, nondestructive 3D‐microtomographic (microCT, µCT) images of bacula and iodine‐stained penes of Pipistrellus pipistrellus were correlated with light microscopic images from undecalcified surface‐stained ground sections of three of these penes of P. pipistrellus (1 juvenile). The results were then compared with µCT‐images of bacula of P. pygmaeus, P. hanaki, and P. nathusii. The Y‐shaped baculum in all studied Pipistrellus species has a proximal base with two club‐shaped branches, a long slender shaft, and a forked distal tip. The branches contain a medullary cavity of variable size, which tapers into a central canal of variable length in the proximal baculum shaft. Both are surrounded by a lamellar and a woven bone layer and contain fatty marrow and blood vessels. The distal shaft consists of woven bone only, without a vascular canal. The proximal ends of the branches are connected with the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa via entheses. In the penis shaft, the corpus spongiosum‐surrounded urethra lies in a ventral grove of the corpora cavernosa, and continues in the glans under the baculum. The glans penis predominantly comprises an enlarged corpus spongiosum, which surrounds urethra and baculum. In the 12 studied juvenile and subadult P. pipistrellus specimens the proximal branches of the baculum were shorter and without marrow cavity, while shaft and distal tip appeared already fully developed. The present combination with light microscopic images from one species enabled a more reliable interpretation of histomorphological structures in the µCT‐images from all four Pipistrellus species. J. Morphol. 276:695–706, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

13.
The most widely accepted mechanism of male urethral development proposes that the urethral plate is elevated by urethral folds which fuse ventrally in a proximal-to-distal sequence. Unlike its proximal counterpart, the urethra which forms within the glans is lined by a stratified squamous epithelium and has a more controversial development. One theory supports the idea that fusion of the urethral folds extends all the way to the tip of the glans. Another theory suggests that a solid ectodermal in-growth of epidermis canalizes the glandar urethra. We hypothesized that the use of immunohistochemical staining and tissue recombinant grafting would delineate the epithelia involved and lend clues to their origin. Thirty-six human fetal phallic specimens of gestational ages 5-22 weeks were sectioned and stained immunohistochemically with antibodies raised against different cytokeratins. Evaluation of the sections showed that the urethral plate, an extension of the urogenital sinus, extended to the tip of the phallus and maintained patency and continuity throughout the process of urethral development. The entire urethra, including the glans portion, was formed by dorsal extension and disintegration of the urethral plate combined with ventral growth and fusion of the urethral folds. Sections of the distal glandar urethra showed no evidence of a solid ectodermal ingrowth. Rather, immunostaining results at different ages suggested differentiation of the endodermal urethral plate into a stratified squamous epithelium. To determine whether urothelium could be induced to express a stratified squamous phenotype, mouse fetal bladder epithelium was combined with rat fetal genital tubercle mesenchyme and grown under the renal capsule of athymic mice. The bladder epithelium differentiated into a stratified squamous epithelium. Thus, proper mesenchymal signaling may induce differentiation of urothelium into a stratified squamous phenotype, such as during development of the urethra of the glans penis.  相似文献   

14.
M. Genoud    P. Vogel 《Journal of Zoology》1990,220(1):41-60
The energy requirements of reproducing and non-reproducing females of three species of Crocidura ( C. russula, C. viaria, C. olivieri ), and two species of Sorex ( S. coronatus, S. minutus ) were measured. Members of these two genera show different rates of metabolism and reproductive strategies (extreme altriciality and larger litter size in Sorex ). During pregnancy, the daily energy intake (on either an absolute or a mass-specific basis) remained close to the non-reproductive value in all species. The absolute energy intake increased strongly after parturition and was influenced by the litter size. Peak energy intake of lactating females was extremely high, typically between 100% and 200% above the non-reproductive requirements in the Crocidura and about 300% above the non-reproductive intake in the Sorex . The mass-specific daily energy intake was reduced during lactation in the three smaller species but not in C. viaria and C. olivieri. This decrease probably involves the different thermoregulatory abilities and/or basal rate of metabolism of the pups. Average reproductive effort was about 50%, in the Crocidura species and above 150% in the Sorex species. The higher effort in the latter is partly due to a larger litter size. But in addition, extreme altriciality in the Sorex leads to an earlier increase in the energy requirements and thus is an energetically more expensive reproductive mode. The present results support the hypothesis that a higher basal rate of metabolism is associated with a higher reproductive effort in shrews.  相似文献   

15.
Despite the important role of shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) in the functioning of ecosystems, as predators and prey, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on this guild of mammals are still unclear. We studied the distribution of 5 species (the greater white toothed shrew Crocidura leucodon; the lesser white toothed shrew Crocidura suaveolens; the pigmy shrew Sorex minutus; the Appennine shrew Sorex samniticus and the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus) in a fragmented landscape in central Italy.Shrews were trapped with pitfall traps made from plastic water bottles, the number of traps increased with patch size. A total of 170 individuals, of 5 species of shrews were captured. Shrews were widely distributed in our study area, however patch occupancy was determined mainly by vegetation and geometrical characteristics of the patches. Our data supports the hypotheses that patterns of habitat selection and the dynamics of seasonal abundance (habitat and temporal partitioning between similarly sized species) reduce competitive pressure, thus allowing coexistence of shrews in relatively species-rich assemblages, for such small amounts of habitat. The most important outcome of our results is the crucial role played by vegetation structure in determining distribution patterns. These results strongly suggest that measurements of the vegetation structure of habitat patches should always be included as explanatory variables when studying the distribution of shrews in fragmented landscapes.  相似文献   

16.
Sorex rohweri sp. nov. is described on the basis of a series of specimens from the Olympic Peninsula and adjacent western regions of Washington State, USA, and southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has been misidentified as Sorex cinereus Kerr, 1792, which occurs in the Cascade Range in west-central Washington, in coastal British Columbia, and regions farther to the northeast. The new species is distinguished from S. cinereus by numerous morphological characters: differences in craniodental dimensions; different location and form of the medial tines of the upper incisors; presence of patent postmandibular foramina; different intensity and distribution of dental pigmentation; and different form of the glans penis, along with other details. The combination of characters also separates it from sympatric species of Sorex. Phylogenetic inference of cytochrome b sequences from two specimens of the proposed new species shows them to be distinct from Sorex cinereus and from five sympatric Sorex species, supporting their designation as members of a new species.  相似文献   

17.
This article reviews various aspects of differentiation and growth of phallic mesodermal tissues with special reference to the os penis. In many species of certain mammalian orders the penile interior contains an os penis or baculum with bona fide bone. Mechanisms of phenotypic sex differentiation and the androgenic regulation of morphogenesis of genitourinary tracts of both sexes are first overviewed. Thereafter the various mesodermal tissues in fully developed penes and clitorides are discussed. The developmental fate of mesenchymal cells in the fetal genital tubercles is then considered in detail, including consideration of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The review concludes with a discussion of the possible roles of certain polypeptide growth factors acting in concert with androgenic steroids. Special emphasis is placed on the potential role of bone morphogenetic proteins in formation of the os penis in a restricted number of eutherian mammalian taxa.  相似文献   

18.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common and debilitating pathological development that affects up to 75% of diabetic males. Neural stimulation is a crucial aspect of the normal erection process. Nerve injury causes ED and disrupts signaling of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) cascade in the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa. Shh and targets of its signaling establish normal corpora cavernosal morphology during postnatal differentiation of the penis and regulate homeostasis in the adult. Interruption of the Shh cascade in the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa results in extensive changes in corpora cavernosal morphology that lead to ED. Our hypothesis is that the neuropathy observed in diabetics causes morphological changes in the corpora cavernosa of the penis that result in ED. Disruption of the Shh cascade may be involved in this process. We tested this hypothesis by examining morphological changes in the penis, altered gene and protein expression, apoptosis, and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in the BB/WOR rat model of diabetes. Extensive smooth muscle and endothelial degradation was observed in the corpora cavernosa of diabetic penes. This degradation accompanied profound ED, significantly decreased Shh protein in the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa, and increased penile Shh RNA expression in the intact penis (nerves, corpora, and urethra). Localization and expression of Shh targets were also disrupted in the corpora cavernosa. Increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate Shh signaling may provide valuable insight into improving treatment options for diabetic impotence.  相似文献   

19.
The penis of elephant shrews (Mammalia: Macroscelididae)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The penis of elephant shrews is very long, extending cranially to near the sternum where it emerges from a small caudally-pointing prepuce. The distal half of the penis lies free in a sheath and is termed the glans. In most species the corpus cavernosum is the main vascular body and extends to the tip of the penis while the corpus spongiosum around the urethra becomes much reduced distally, but in Rhynchocyon all vascular bodies are small and most of the penis consists of connective tissue. The distal tip of the penis is elaborated into various shapes, characteristic for each genus as currently defined. These penile features have more similarities with soricids and paenungulates than with archontans and lagomorphs but they are likely to be primitive characters and so should be interpreted cautiously.  相似文献   

20.
We sequenced 2167 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 16S, and 1390 bp of nuclear genes BRCA1 and ApoB in shrews taxa (Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae). The aim was to study the relationships at higher taxonomic levels within this family, and in particular the position of difficult clades such as Anourosorex and Myosorex. The data confirmed two monophyletic subfamilies, Soricinae and Crocidurinae. In the former, the tribes Anourosoricini, Blarinini, Nectogalini, Notiosoricini, and Soricini were supported. The latter was formed by the tribes Myosoricini and Crocidurini. The genus Suncus appeared to be paraphyletic and included Sylvisorex. We further suggest a biogeographical hypothesis, which shows that North America was colonized by three independent lineages of Soricinae during middle Miocene. Our hypothesis is congruent with the first fossil records for these taxa. Using molecular dating, the first exchanges between Africa and Eurasia occurred during the middle Miocene. The last one took place in the Late Miocene, with the dispersion of the genus Crocidura through the old world.  相似文献   

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