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1.
凹缘大蠊核型的初步探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘yu  刘应伯 《生物学杂志》1990,(3):19-21,23
蜚蠊.俗称蟑螂.属直翅目蜚蠊科,是一种常见的医学昆虫,分布遍及全球达4千种以上,我国有168种.室内常见的较少,约5-6.凹缘大蠊(Perilaneta emarganita)为其中之一.其生活史及生殖习性国内外均有报道,但其细胞遗传学方面的内容,目前尚未见报道.本文对凹缘大蠊的染色体核型进行了初步分析,其雄性核型为2n=27,雌性核型为2n=28.  相似文献   

2.
德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)是一种重要的室内卫生害虫,化学防治是目前主要的防治手段,但抗药性已逐渐成为制约德国小蠊防治的关键因素。德国小蠊抗药性的产生存在多种机理,本文从行为抗性、表皮穿透性降低、代谢抗性、靶标抗性及微生物降解等方面对德国小蠊抗药性产生机理进行了综述,重点阐述了近年来德国小蠊抗药性机理最新的研究进展。  相似文献   

3.
德国小蠊聚集激素的提取及其诱集效果测试   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
丁建云  段承维 《昆虫知识》1998,35(4):205-208
德国小镜Blattellagermanica(L.)在我国为常见的卫生害虫,目前主要的治镰办法是药剂防治和微生物防治。但由于蜚镰是被动地接触受药,从而杀灭率低,用药时间长,增加了用药次数和防治难度。吴福桢[1]提出:应用聚集素治蟑是很有前景的方法。王乔[2,3]阐述了德国小蠊后肠分泌的聚集素能引诱德国小蠊大量聚集,其随粪便排出体外而使粪便对德国小蠊产生了聚集作用。本实验选用5种常规有机溶剂,分别对德国小蠊的粪便进行了提取,并用提取液作了诱集实验,为简单有效地提取聚集素并用于蜚蠊的引诱防治作了初步探索。1材料和方法1.1供试…  相似文献   

4.
中国常见蜚蠊种类及其为害、利用与防治的调查研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
吴福桢 《昆虫学报》1987,(4):430-438
蜚蠊是昆虫纲中一个较小的目,全世界已知五千余种,中国有记载的约二百种,五十年代后期上海医学院对本地区的蜚镰作了调查报道,七十年代初国内许多地区蜚蠊为害严重,不少单位开始采制标本对它进行研究.本文对中国室内常见蜚蠊种类的鉴定、生活习性、地理分布及其传播疾病、经济意义和防治方法作了综合报道,其中包括德国小蠊的两个近似种及一个中国新纪录属、种.  相似文献   

5.
重复序列是真核生物基因组的重要组成部分。一些重复序列,如自主型的逆转录转座子LINE,在昆虫的系统进化和遗传多样性研究方面得到了广泛的应用。de novo从头预测和基于同源比对预测相结合的方法被用来搜索美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana基因组,共鉴定出大约占全基因组62%的重复序列。研究发现,散在重复序列中,DNA转座子占美洲大蠊基因组的16.18%;逆转座元件中LINE最多,占基因组的13.64%,SINE和LTR分别占基因组的3.52%和1.32%。LINEs中的Bov Bs亚家族在所有转座子亚家族中比例最高(约6.73%)。美洲大蠊与德国小蠊Blattella germanica相比,除LTR外,其他类型的转座子占基因组的比例均高于德国小蠊。通过分析逆转录转座子反转录酶完整度、氨基酸序列相似度及遗传距离,从美洲大蠊基因组中鉴定出一类BovBs:RTE-1_PAm。BovBs的反转录酶氨基酸序列的系统树表明,美洲大蠊与内华达古白蚁Zootermopsis nevadensis的进化关系比与其同属蜚蠊科Blattidae的德国小蠊的关系更近。昆虫中BovBs的进化关系与传统核基因进化关系的不同,表明转座子的进化相对宿主基因的进化具有一定的独立性。  相似文献   

6.
白月苹  刘海波  任艳  孟杨 《四川动物》2020,39(1):116-120
蜚蠊是传统的中药、民族药,药用历史悠久,现被多部地方药材标准单独入药收载,药用主流种为蜚蠊目Blattaria蜚蠊科Blattidae的美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana(Linnaeus,1758),具有活血化瘀、清热解毒、消积、生肌等功效。本文通过查阅本草典籍中关于蜚蠊的记载,对蜚蠊的名称、基源、效用、炮制方法进行考证,为蜚蠊资源的药用深入开发利用提供依据。  相似文献   

7.
姚青  赵若琼  沈佐锐 《昆虫学报》2006,49(1):154-159
在20℃下,利用CO2红外分析仪采集了美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana、褐斑大蠊P.brunnea、澳洲大蠊P.australasiae和德国小蠊Blattella germanica的呼吸信号。结果表明,它们均具有典型的不连续气体交换循环(discontinuous gas exchange cycle, DGC)呼吸模式,且一个DGC可分为爆发间期和爆发期2个阶段。4种蜚蠊雄性成虫DGC的特征各异:美洲大蠊完成一个DGC周期平均约需24.55 min,明显长于褐斑大蠊(11.67 min)和澳洲大蠊(10.75 min),德国小蠊周期最短,仅为4.41 min;对于爆发间期历时在整个DGC历时所占的比例,美洲大蠊最大,平均为57%,德国小蠊次之,为48%,褐斑大蠊和澳洲大蠊比较接近,分别为37%和36%。德国小蠊单位体重的CO2平均释放速率最大,而另外3种蜚蠊的差异不明显。4种蜚蠊爆发期CO2释放体积均随DGC历时增加而增加,美洲大蠊和德国小蠊单位体重的CO2平均释放率随DGC历时增加而减少,在褐斑大蠊和澳洲大蠊中它们关系不明显。美洲大蠊、褐斑大蠊和澳洲大蠊CO2平均释放率和爆发期CO2释放体积与体重呈正相关,在德国小蠊中关系不明显;4种蜚蠊DGC各阶段历时和DGC频率与它们体重的关系均不明显。  相似文献   

8.
(虫非)蠊,通称蟑螂,昔有石薑、滑虫、茶婆虫、负盘、香娘子之称,它是属于节股动物门,昆虫纲,(虫非)蠊目的昆虫。世界已知的约有3,500种,国内现有的报告亦达百余种,但室内常见的种类不多,有凹缘大蠊,美洲大蠊,澳洲大蠊,德国小蠊和东方蠊等5种。它们能携带伤寒、痢疾、霍乱、结核等细菌和阿米巴原虫包囊,又能损坏工业品、家用品和食物,是医学上及经济上的重要害虫。因此我们要认识它、彻底消灭它。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】研究高效氟氯氰菊酯微胶囊悬浮剂对德国小蠊Blattella germanica的防治效果,为指导防治德国小蠊提供科学、合理的依据。【方法】参照国家标准GB/T 13917.1-2009《农药登记卫生用杀虫剂的室内药效试验及评价第1部分:喷射剂》的测试方法进行防治试验。【结果】0.8 m L/m2剂量的瓷砖和玻璃面板药效的持续时间分别为98 d、112 d;1.6 m L/m2剂量的瓷砖和玻璃面板药效的持续时间分别为112 d、119 d。【结论】相同剂量的瓷砖和玻璃面板相比较,玻璃面板的药效持续时间长,但稳定性低。  相似文献   

10.
德国小蠊对26种杀虫剂敏感性的测定   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
<正> 世界卫生组织(1970)曾介绍了测定德国小蠊Blattella germanica(Linnaeus)对狄氏剂、马拉硫磷、地亚农等杀虫剂敏感性的标准方法。Chadwick(1972)用此方法测定了德国小蠊对49种杀虫剂的击倒时间。为了便于观察,我们在方法上略加改进,测定了德国小蠊对国内已研制的26种杀虫剂的击倒中时(KT_(50)和24小时的死亡率。  相似文献   

11.
Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a specialist pest on cruciferous crops of economic importance. The large‐scale use of chemical insecticides for the control of this insect pest has caused a number of challenges to agro‐ecosystems. With the advent of the omics era, genetic pest management strategies are becoming increasingly feasible and show a powerful potential for pest control. Here, we review strategies for using transgenic plants and sterile insect techniques for genetic pest management and introduce the major advances in the control of P. xylostella using a female‐specific RIDL (release of insects carrying a dominant lethal gene) strategy. Further, the advantages of gene drive developed in combination with sex determination and CRISPR/Cas9 systems are addressed, and the corresponding prospects and implementation issues are discussed. It is predictable that under the policy and regulation of professional committees, the genetic pest control strategy, especially for gene drive, will open a new avenue to sustainable pest management not only for P. xylostella but also for other insect pests.  相似文献   

12.
Boric acid dust treatments were evaluated as a tool for the integrated management of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), in commercial confined swine production. The efficacy of boric acid dust was comparable to that of an organic residual insecticide, cyfluthrin, which is commonly used to control cockroaches in this environment. Fall treatments suppressed the cockroach population for longer durations than treatments in the Spring. Boric acid dust is an effective, inexpensive, and low risk (to animal and human health, and the environment) alternative for the management of cockroaches in livestock production systems.  相似文献   

13.
转Bt基因抗虫棉的生态风险及治理对策   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
评述了转Bt基因抗虫棉的生态风险及治理对策。其生态风险主要表现在目标害虫的抗性和对非目标生物群落的变化。目标害虫与转基因抗虫棉的互相作用和抗虫棉杀虫毒素的时空表达方式是目标害虫抗性发展的主要途径。在转基因抗虫棉田中,虽然对目标害虫的防治次数大为减少,但害虫和天敌群落的稳定性仍不如常规棉田,某种次要害虫大发生的可能性较大。认为将转基因抗虫棉纳入综合防治体系并培育更加高效的抗虫棉是治理目标害虫抗性和防止次要害虫上升的重要措施。  相似文献   

14.
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. China has the second largest area of the rice growing in the world and the highest yield of rice produced. Infestation by insect pests, especially rice planthoppers, stem borers and leaf folders, is always a serious challenge to rice production in China. Current methods for controlling insect pests in China mainly include good farming practices, biological control, breeding and growing resistant varieties, and the use of chemical insecticides. However, for farmers, the favorite method for insect pest control is still the application of chemical insecticide, which not only causes severe environmental pollution and the resurgence of herbivores but also reduces populations of the natural enemies of herbivores. To control insect pests safely, effectively and sustainably, strategies encouraging biological control are currently demanded. Here we review the progress that has been made in the development and implementation of biological controls for rice in China since the 1970s. Such progress includes the species identification of the natural enemies of rice insect pests, the characterization of their biology, and the integration of biological controls in integrated pest management. To develop effective ecological engineering programs whose aim is to implement conservation biological controls, further research, including the evaluation of the roles of plants in non-crop habitats in conservation biological controls, volatiles in enhancing efficiency of natural enemies and natural enemies in manipulating insect pests, and education to increase farmers’ knowledge of biological controls, is proposed.  相似文献   

15.
Extensive use of chemical insecticides to control insect pests in agriculture has improved yields and production of high-quality food products. However, chemical insecticides have been shown to be harmful also to beneficial insects and many other organisms like vertebrates. Thus, there is a need to replace those chemical insecticides by other control methods in order to protect the environment. Insect pest pathogens, like bacteria, viruses or fungi, are interesting alternatives for production of microbial-based insecticides to replace the use of chemical products in agriculture. Organic farming, which does not use chemical pesticides for pest control, relies on integrated pest management techniques and in the use of microbial-based insecticides for pest control. Microbial-based insecticides require precise formulation and extensive monitoring of insect pests, since they are highly specific for certain insect pests and in general are more effective for larval young instars. Here, we analyse the possibility of using microbial-based insecticides to replace chemical pesticides in agricultural production.  相似文献   

16.
Tea is one of the most economically important crops in China. To secure its production and quality, biological control measures within the context of integrated pest management (IPM) has been widely popularized in China. IMP programs also provide better control of arthropod pests on tea with less chemical insecticide usage and minimal impact on the environment. More than 1100 species of natural enemies including about 80 species of viruses, 40 species of fungi, 240 species of parasitoids and 600 species of predators, as well as several species of bacteria have been recorded in tea ecosystems in China. Biological and ecological characteristics of some dominant natural enemies have been well documented. Several viral, bacterial, and fungal insecticides have been commercially utilized at large scale in China. Progress in biological control methods in conjunction with other pest control approaches for tea insect pest management is reviewed in this article. Knowledge gaps and future directions for tea pest management are also discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Arthropod crop pests are responsible for 20% of global annual crop losses, a figure predicted to increase in a changing climate where the ranges of numerous species are projected to expand. At the same time, many insect species are beneficial, acting as pollinators and predators of pest species. For thousands of years, humans have used increasingly sophisticated chemical formulations to control insect pests but, as the scale of agriculture expanded to meet the needs of the global population, concerns about the negative impacts of agricultural practices on biodiversity have grown. While biological solutions, such as biological control agents and pheromones, have previously had relatively minor roles in pest management, biotechnology has opened the door to numerous new approaches for controlling insect pests. In this review, we look at how advances in synthetic biology and biotechnology are providing new options for pest control. We discuss emerging technologies for engineering resistant crops and insect populations and examine advances in biomanufacturing that are enabling the production of new products for pest control.  相似文献   

18.
Li Li-Ying 《BioControl》1982,27(1):81-88
There are about 13 species of rice insect pests which are common and of major significance in Guangdong Province, China. Rice pest management in China is based on cultural practices, biological control, insecticides, light traps, varietal resistance and other control methods. Natural control by preservation of natural enemies of pests plays a very positive role in the integrated control of rice pests. The major measures and techniques of these control methods are mentioned in this paper. A list of main insect pests of rice, their natural enemies and some examples of the results of rice pest integrated control in Guangdong Province, China, are also given.  相似文献   

19.
蔬菜害虫防治技术的发展与应用   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
郑建秋  罗维德 《昆虫知识》1992,29(3):172-175
<正> 我国幅员广、气候差异大、蔬菜品种多、茬口复杂、其害虫种类已达300多种,重要的有40余种。其发生情况常因蔬菜品种、栽培制度、气候类型不同而异。其  相似文献   

20.
The major constraint to the production of good quality cabbage in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is posed by a complex of insect pests which includes the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (L.) as the most prominent species. In order to evaluate the prospects of a classical control approach economically important major pests and their natural enemies were surveyed in three cabbage growing areas with distinct climatic regimes at low-, mid- and high-elevation. In the PNG highlands (Goroka and Tambul area, Western Highlands Province) the release and successful establishment of the P. xylostella -specific parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) reduced crop losses remarkably since 1995. Favourable circumstances, such as continuous brassica cultivation and low status of associated lepidopteran pests, particularly at Tambul (2400 m above sea level) with an almost temperate climate, were supportive for this approach. In the arid PNG lowlands (Laloki area, Central Province) the introduced P.xylostella -parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) exerted 80% parasitism in an experimental site, although a lasting establishment was not achieved in that location. Among several indigenous P. xylostella parasitoids Brachymeria phya (Walker) was a ubiquitous species but did not reduce the pest status of its host. Natural enemies of associated lepidoptera such as Crocidolomia pavonana (Zeller), Spodoptera litura (F.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Hellula undalis (F.) were economically insignificant. Thus, insecticidal control, preferably selective, was still a requirement. In comparison to Bacillus thuringiensis -products (Delfin &#174; and Thuricide &#174; ) and the synthetic insect growth regulator Chlorfluazuron (Atabron &#174; ), best results were achieved in field trials with the commercial neem formulation NeemAzal &#174; ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and an aqueous neem seed kernel extract from seeds of PNG grown trees. Besides its high efficacy against lepidopterous pests, neem also controlled the false mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), being of economic importance in the arid PNG lowlands. The prospects of integrating C. plutellae into a reduced insecticide spraying program as well as alternative cultural control measures are discussed.  相似文献   

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