秦芄挥发性成分研究

目的:研究秦芄(Radix Centianae Macrophyllae)中的挥发性成分.方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取秦芄挥发油,用GC/MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果:分离出8个组分,鉴定出7个化学成分.检出率为91.40%.秦艽挥发性成分大于1%的分别确定为萜品烯-4-醇1.224%,(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛1.295%,棕榈酸乙酯32.009%,棕榈酸54.608%.结论:首次报道了用GU/NS对秦艽挥发性成分的研究,为该类植物的研究开发提供必要的试验数据.     

头花蓼挥发性成分研究

目的:研究头花蓼(Herba Polygoni Capitati)挥发性成分.方法:利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取头花蓼挥发性成分,用GC/MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果:分离出88个成分,确定了51个化合物,占挥发油总量的73.10%.结论:头花蓼挥发油成分大于2%的为1-辛烯-3-醇15.205%,2-己烯醛4.444%,γ-古芸烯4.220%,2-庚烯醛4.047%,壬醛3.280%,长叶冰片2.722%,蓝桉醇2.544%.含量最高的化合物为1-辛烯-3-醇.     

苦石莲普通粉仁挥发性成分研究

目的:研究苦石莲普通粉仁中的挥发性成分.方法:利用有机溶剂-水蒸气蒸馏法提取苦石莲挥发油,GC-MS进行测定,色谱柱为HP-5MS5% Phenyl Methyl Siloxane 弹性石英同病毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),结合计算机检索考核对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用分谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果:分离出102个化学成分,鉴定出51个化学成分,占总挥发性成分的50.0%,其中相对百分含量大于2.0%有7种,分别确定为已醇12.939%、顺-4-庚烯醛3.419%、2-戊基呋喃2.318%、E-2-辛烯醛3.912%、壬醛2.078%、正三丁胺4.319%和E,E-2,4-癸二烯醛2.877%结论:该文首次采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对苦石莲普通粉仁中挥发性成分进行研究.     

短柄南蛇藤叶普通粉挥发性成分的研究

目的:研究短柄南蛇藤叶普通粉中的挥发性成分.方法:利用有机溶剂-水蒸汽蒸馏提取短柄南蛇藤挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果:分离鉴定出50种化学成分,占挥发油总量的92.24%,其中含量大于2%的分别为油酸31.59%、13-十八碳烯29.74%、棕榈酸4.41%、反-2-己烯醛3.36%、异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯3.26%、香叶基丙酮2.30%.结论:该文首次采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对短柄南蛇藤叶普通粉中的挥发性成分进行研究.     

仙人掌超微粉挥发性成分研究

目的：研究仙人掌中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取经超微粉碎后的仙人掌[Opuntia dillenii（Ker-Gaw.）Haw]挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：共分离鉴定出32个化学成分,占总成分的98.097%,其中相对百分含量大于2%的分别确定为异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（Isobutyl phthalate）27.492%,棕榈酸（Palmitic acid）16.716%,丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（Butyl phthalate）11.257%,薄荷脑（Menthol）6.722%,亚油酸（Linoleic acid）5.995%,壬醛（Nonanal）4.594%,乙醛（Hexanal）3.614%,十二酸（Dodecanic acid）3.244%。结论：通过对仙人掌超微粉挥发性成分的分析鉴定及相对含量测定,为综合利用仙人掌植物资源等提供科学依据。     

天南星挥发性成分研究

目的：研究天南星中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取天南星（Arisaema erubescens （Wall.） Schott）挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：鉴定出52个化学成分,其中相对百分含量大于2%的分别确定为间位甲酚（m-Cresol）5.31%,芫妥醇（Linalool L）3.69%,2,2’-次甲基呋喃（Furan,2,2’-Methylenebis）2.8%,2-糠基-5-甲基呋喃（2-Furfuryl-5-Methylfuran）2.52%,苯乙烯（Styrene）2.48%,2-烯丙基呋喃（Furan,2-（2-propenyl））2.15%,2-呋喃甲醇乙酸酯（2-Furanmethanol,acetate）2.12%。结论：52个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

茯苓普通粉挥发性成分研究

目的：研究茯苓的挥发性成分。方法：利用有机溶剂一水蒸汽蒸馏提取茯苓挥发性成分,用GC／MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：茯苓普通粉中分离出103个成分,鉴出61个化学成分,占挥发油总量的59．223％,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为壬醛Nonanal3．160％。樟脑Camphor2．952％,新异薄荷醇Neoisomenthol2．887％,2,3-二甲基萘烷2,3-dimethylDecalin2．490％,反橙花叔醇trans-Nero．1idol8．657％,α-柏木醇α-Cedrol6．330％。结论：首次报道利用简便的有机溶剂-水蒸汽蒸馏法提取茯苓普通粉挥发性成分。     

桑寄生挥发性成分研究

目的：研究桑寄生（Herba Taxilli）中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取桑寄生挥发油,用GC/MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：分离出132个组分,鉴定出66个化学成分。检出率为78.91%。桑寄生挥发性成分大于2%的为苯甲醛13.97%,苯乙烯11.42%,芳姜黄烯7.89%,桉树脑3.89%,α-姜烯3.59%,γ-姜黄烯2.78%,壬醛2.07%。     

独角莲微粉挥发性成分研究

本文利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取独角莲中的挥发性成分,用GC-MS进行测定,色谱柱为HP-5MS5%PhenylMethyl Siloxane弹性石英毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。独角莲微粉中分离并鉴定出31个化学成分,检出率为91.571%,其中相对百分含量大于2.0%分别确定为己醛(Hexanal)21.485%,2-庚醇(2-Heptanol)14.363%,1-辛烯-3-醇(1-Octen-3-ol)10.911%,樟脑(Camphor)6.136%,2-正戊基呋喃(2-Pentylfuran)3.603%,菲(Phenanthrene)3.549%,异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯(Isobutyl phthalate)3.549%,乙酸龙脑酯(Bornyl acetate)3.176%,3,8-Dimethyl-5-(1-methylethylidene)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene-6-one3.002%,芫妥醇(LinaloolL)2.048%。除己醛和壬醛外其余29个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

鞑靼滨藜挥发性化学成分分析

对鞑靼滨藜全草的挥发性化学成分进行分析。采用水蒸气蒸馏法及索氏提取法提取鞑靼滨藜全草中的挥发性化学成分,用GC-MS联用技术分析其化学组成,计算其相对百分含量,并对两种提取方法进行比较研究。结果表明:水蒸气蒸馏法提取物的成分比索氏提取法较多。从水蒸气蒸馏法分离出的53个色谱峰中鉴定了51种成分,含量最高的是茴香脑(45.84%),其次为正二十七烷(9.28%),羟基吲哚(6.81%),α-羟基-2-甲基丙基苯乙酸酯(4.03%)。从索氏提取法分离出的26个色谱峰中鉴定了22种成分,含量最高的是正二十九烷(22.63%),其次为硬酯酸(16.69%),十六醛(6.89%),棕榈酸(5.43%)。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.