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1.
为了掌握同域分布毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus和小麂Muntiacus reevesi的日活动节律、时间生态位的分化情况及二者的共存模式。于2019年1月—2020年12月利用红外相机对贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区内同域分布的毛冠鹿和小麂进行监测,并使用核密度估计法和重叠指数进行计算分析。结果表明:(1)毛冠鹿旱季、雨季的日活动节律呈双峰模式,活动峰值出现在06∶00—08∶00、18∶00—20∶00,但早上活动强度较低;与雨季相比,旱季早上的活动高峰推迟2 h,雨、旱季傍晚活动峰值出现的时间基本一致。(2)小麂雨季的日活动节律呈双峰模式,在06∶00—08∶00、18∶00—20∶00出现活动高峰,旱季则在06∶00—08∶00、18∶00—20∶00、22∶00—24∶00出现3个活动高峰。与雨季相比,旱季早上的活动高峰推迟2 h,雨、旱季傍晚活动峰值出现的时间基本一致,旱季夜间活动强度高于雨季。(3)毛冠鹿和小麂旱季日活动节律重叠指数较高、雨季较低。本研究以毛冠鹿和小麂的日活动节律模式为基础,聚焦于二者在时间生态位上的分化方式和共存机制,可为深入研究和保护管理这...  相似文献   

2.
小熊猫夏秋季的昼夜活动节律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2002年5~11月,在邛崃山系宝兴蜂桶寨自然保护区采用无线电遥测技术对6只野生小熊猫的昼夜活动节律进行了研究。结果表明,小熊猫具有晨昏活动的习性,5~11月的平均活动率为0.5286。小熊猫以白昼活动为主,兼夜间活动,白昼的活动率(0.5903±0.0538)高于夜晚活动率(0.4468±0.0413)。每昼夜有(52.86±9.8)%的时间处于活动状态,其中64.53%的活动时间在白昼,35.47%的活动时间在夜晚。每昼夜有两个活动高峰,分别出现在08∶00~10∶00和17∶30~18∶30。在休息时间的分配上,小熊猫每昼夜长休息平均2.07次,持续时间平均3.75小时;中等长度休息1.56次,持续1.59小时;短休息1.21次,持续0.84小时;长休息有44.06%在白昼,55.94%在夜晚。  相似文献   

3.
水鹿是我国二级重点保护野生动物。2016年5月到2017年5月,利用红外相机技术在四川鞍子河自然保护区的非盐井生境和盐井生境(盐场)对水鹿的群体结构、日活动节律及舔盐活动节律进行了研究。基于设置的108个红外相机,共收集到水鹿在非盐井区域的独立照片620张,盐井区域的独立照片401张。水鹿日活动节律在不同季节具有较大差异:春季日活动高峰出现在17:00~20:00;夏季无明显日活动高峰;秋季日活动高峰出现在17:00~19:00;冬季日活动高峰分别出现在08:00~10:00、17:00~19:00、23:00~02:00。舔盐活动高峰出现在22:00~04:00,雌雄个体舔盐活动节律大致相同(重叠指数Δ=0.738)。水鹿有单独舔盐和集群舔盐两种方式,其中单独舔盐出现频率较高(占总访问频次的57.6%);舔盐的群体一般大小为2~7只,但以2只的群体居多(占总访问频次的21.5%)。在非盐井区域和盐井区域独立照片中水鹿的雌雄出现比例分别为2.05:1和2.66:1,表明雌鹿可能更需要补充盐分。本研究结果为保护区内水鹿的保护管理提供了基础的科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
2013年4月—2015年10月,在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区用录音笔和GPS对2只野化培训的圈养大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca幼体雪雪和华妍进行连续观察,收集声音数据,分析其休息、觅食、嬉戏和活动的行为节律。结果表明:(1)雪雪的日行为节律有3个觅食高峰(08∶00、18∶00和22∶00),2个休息高峰(03∶00—06∶00和11∶00—14∶00),各行为中仅嬉戏表现出有高度统计学意义的差异(F=1.944,df=359,P0.01);休息时间占比为56.03%±10.58%、觅食为19.43%±18.49%、活动为19.30%±7.81%、嬉戏为5.24%±4.61%。(2)华妍有3个觅食高峰(10∶00、15∶00和20∶00),3个休息高峰(01∶00—06∶00、11∶00—13∶00和16∶00—19∶00);4种行为间的差异无统计学意义;休息时间占比为55.37%±10.38%、觅食为28.09%±17.79%、活动为14.61%±8.52%、嬉戏为1.93%±1.79%。(3)大熊猫幼体的日行为节律存在季节性差异。研究结果为大熊猫野化培训和野外放归提供了基础信息和科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
上海郊区冬季红隼行为时间分配   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
2003年11月~2004年2月采用随机个体、连续取样的方式,在上海郊区获取了越冬112只次红隼(Falco tinnunculus)123.33 h的行为数据,对红隼的时间行为分配模式进行了研究与分析。结果表明,冬季红隼白天活动时间大部分用于栖停(44.45%),其次为捕食(18.83%)、停落(12.17%)、飞行(9.98%)、滑翔(8.11%)、悬停(3.46%)、梳羽(1.70%)、戏耍和交互(1.32%)。栖停在早中晚占有较高的比例,而捕食在上午和下午分别具有一个高峰时段。红隼在1 d中具有两个活动高峰分别在上午(8∶00~10∶00)和下午(13∶00~15∶00)。通过对行为发生时间的相关性分析,发现活动高峰主要是由捕食行为及相关的飞行、悬停等行为组成。  相似文献   

6.
2014年5月至2016年4月,利用红外相机技术,系统调查和分析了浙江古田山国家级自然保护区内白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)的性比、集群方式和日活动节律。调查期间共获得244个有效位点的数据,累计58 890个工作日,收集到33 276份白鹇的照片和视频,有效探测5 687次,统计出雄性成体(含亚成体)3 946只次,雌性4 179只次,雌雄性比为1.06︰1。记录到群体大小从2至12只不等,群的组成方式多样。日活动节律分析的结果显示,白鹇的日活动时间段为5:00~18:00时,于6:00时、11:00时和16:00时有3个活动高峰,其间于10:00时和14:00时出现两个活动的低谷。雌雄个体的日活动节律基本一致,但雄性个体相比雌性清晨的活动高峰延长1 h(雌性6:00~8:00时,雄性6:00~9:00时),而午后的静息低谷推后1 h(雌性14:00时,雄性15:00时)。日活动节律密度函数分析结果显示,白鹇的日活动节律存在季节性变化。白鹇在春季和冬季存在早晚两个明显的活动高峰,而夏季和秋季在6:00~18:00时都较为活跃。同时,相比其他季节,白鹇在冬季早晨开始活动的时间推迟,傍晚结束活动的时间提前。不同季节的比较表明,白鹇在冬季和春、夏季的日活动节律重叠程度最低。白鹇日活动节律在低海拔带(200~700 m)和高海拔带(700~1 200 m)上存在差异,低海拔带个体在夏季和冬季的傍晚比高海拔带个体活跃。本研究结果为保护区内白鹇的保护管理提供了基础的科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
为深入理解四川羚牛Budorcas tibetanus舔盐行为的活动模式,于2017年7月1日—2019年6月30日,基于远程视频监控系统,持续观察四川卧龙国家级自然保护区四川羚牛的舔盐行为,分析了不同性别、年龄段个体舔盐行为的年、日活动节律和时间分配、舔盐与排尿行为的相互关系以及不同区域、月份盐井水的微量元素含量。结果表明:(1)四川羚牛偏好夜间舔盐,白天和夜晚在观察点的滞留时间分别占28.98%和71.02%;(2)四川羚牛舔食盐井水的高峰为5月,成年雌性有更高的累计出现只次;(3)舔盐行为的日活动节律呈U型,08∶00—13∶00为活动低谷,22∶00至次日06∶00为活动高峰;(4)四川羚牛进入盐井的第一次排尿间隔时间显著低于第二、三次排尿;(5)天然盐井水的Na含量较溪水高。本研究为相关保护区对四川羚牛的保护和其栖息地管理提供了基础科学参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
2016年4月至2017年4月,采用红外相机技术和粪便分析法(频率法和剩余物干重法)对四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区内黄喉貂不同季节的日活动节律及食物组成变化进行了研究。结果显示:(1)黄喉貂主要在白天活动(昼间独立照片数占总独立照片数的85.64%),不同季节黄喉貂日活动节律无显著差(χ2=126.950,df=132,P=0.608),但在不同季节其日活动高峰出现时间不同,春季的活动高峰出现在16:00~19:00(31.65%),夏季活动高峰发生在15:00~18:00(26.32%),秋季活动高峰出现在13:00~16:00(34.31%),冬季活动高峰出现在11:00~14:00(25.00%),并且冬季夜间活动与其他季节相比明显增多;(2)黄喉貂取食食物有兽类、鸟类、昆虫类和植物类等,但兽类是黄喉貂最主要的食物来源,在一年中以兽类的出现频率最高,为95.28%,兽类剩余物的总相对干重百分比达80.99%,其次是植物、鸟类和昆虫;(3)黄喉貂对食物类别的利用表现出明显的季节差异,春、夏、秋三个季节黄喉貂粪便中兽类所占比重最多,春季鸟类食物出现频率较高,冬季黄喉貂粪便中植物所占比重明显增多。本研究表明,黄喉貂在不同季节其日活动节律和食性均表现出一定的差异,这可能与其繁殖特性和生理代谢需求有关。本研究揭示了黄喉貂的日活动节律及食性的季节性变化,充实了黄喉貂的生物、生态学资料,也为该物种的保护管理提供了参考资料。  相似文献   

9.
弄岗熊猴的活动节律和活动时间分配   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2005年9月至2006年9月,采用瞬时扫描取样法,在弄岗国家级自然保护区对野生熊猴(Macaca assamensis)进行了连续跟踪观察,收集相关的活动节律和活动时间分配的数据,通过分析其与气候及食物组成的关系,从中探讨影响熊猴活动节律及活动时间分配的因素。研究结果发现:在熊猴的日活动节律中,觅食活动表现为逐渐增强的趋势,最高峰值出现在下午15:00,休息活动在中午出现一个小的高峰;其日活动节律表现出明显的季节性差异,主要表现为旱季大部分时间段的觅食强度均高于雨季,且早上7:00-10:00出现一段长时间的休息,而雨季里长时间的休息则发生在中午12:00-14:00;在活动时间分配上,熊猴平均花费39.6%时间用于休息,33.2%用于移动,18.3%用于摄食,5.1%用于理毛,2.4%用于玩耍,1.4%用于其他行为,其活动时间分配也表现出明显的季节性差异;与雨季相比,在旱季熊猴明显增加用于觅食的时间,而相应地减少用于休息的时间,活动时间分配的季节性变化明显与食物组成的变化有关;在不同年龄组个体间,青少年猴花费更多的时间用于玩耍,而用于休息和理毛的时间明显少于成年猴。  相似文献   

10.
灰鹤秋季迁徙行为研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对灰鹤秋季迁徙期的行为进行研究得出了在这一时期灰鹤的日行为节律以及时间分配比例,一天中觅食占68.11%、静栖1.44%、警戒10.33%、游走11.11%、理羽6.44%、其他(包括打斗、追逐、鸣叫以及不可见的情况等)2.56%.在一天中有两个活动高峰期,分别为8∶ 00~11∶ 30、13∶ 00~16∶ 30.一天中行为分配比例受天气状况影响而有所不同,在观察期间发现清晨有雾以及全天风较大、温度较低的天气状况下,各行为分配比例和正常天气有差异,尤其是觅食、警戒及理羽行为所占比例变化较大.  相似文献   

11.
为系统掌握宽阔水国家级自然保护区野生动物资源状况,采用公里网格布设红外相机,对宽阔水重点区域大中型兽类和地面活动鸟类进行调查。结果显示:(1)褐胸噪鹛(Garrulax maesi)、蓝歌鸲(Luscinia cyane)、灰翅鸫(Turdus boulboul)、红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)等4种为该保护区新纪录野生动物;(2)宽阔水拍摄率高的常见种类有红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)(1.09)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracica) (0.44)、红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)(3.16)、野猪(Sus scrofa)(0.69)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)(0.49)等。这些常见物种在宽阔水呈现不同的日活动节律。野猪活动频率为早午主副峰型(08:00-09:00为小高峰,11:00-13:30为大高峰),小麂为晨昏型(09:30-11:30与17:00-19:00两个高峰),红腿长吻松鼠虽在早08:00-10:00稍显活跃,但整个日间节律高低峰并不明显;灰胸竹鸡日节律呈多高峰,而红腹锦鸡为早晚双峰型(10:00-11:00与16:00-17:00);(3)宽阔水监测区域内不同生境类型和海拔对物种拍摄率无显著差异。红外相机监测结果能够较为全面地反映出宽阔水保护区鸟兽多样性状况,有利于区域生物多样性编目、保护管理和重要物种生态学研究。  相似文献   

12.
The existence of circadian (24-h) rhythms in the coagulation activity of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (Factors II, VII, IX, and X) were studied in six healthy young (18-30 years old) and six healthy elderly (69-75 years old) men. Aliquots of 5 ml of blood were obtained from each of the 12 subjects at six different time points over a 24-h period. Factors II, VII, and X were quantified by the prothrombin time test, whereas Factor IX was analyzed by the activated partial thromboplastin time test. Significant circadian variations were found for Factors II and VII in both age groups. The peak and trough values for Factor II were observed at 16: 00 and 00: 00 in young men and at 12: 00 and 16: 00 in elderly men. The amplitude of the rhythmic variation of Factor II was 3.3 ± 1.0 and 4.2 ± 0.9% in young and elderly volunteers, respectively. For Factor VII, the highest values were found during the activity period (08: 00-16: 00), while the lowest values occurred at night (00: 00) for both groups of subjects. The amplitude of the rhythms was twice as large in the young (6.2 ± 2.3%) as in the elderly (3.7 ± 0.8%). The data suggest that age does not alter significantly the chronobiology of Factors II and VII.  相似文献   

13.
人工环境下棘胸蛙(Paa spinosa)繁殖期的行为谱及活动节律   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
俞宝根  叶容晖  郑荣泉  周妍  刘春涛  陈希 《生态学报》2008,28(12):6371-6378
2007年4月,利用红外线摄像设备记录人工环境下的棘胸蛙行为活动,采用扫描取样法和目标动物取样法对录像资料进行分析,对人工环境下棘胸蛙的个体行为和活动节律进行了研究。结果表明:人工环境下的棘胸蛙行为主要包括静止行为(休息、对视);社会行为(打斗、追逐);运动行为(游泳、呜叫、跳跃);捕食行为;繁殖行为(求偶呜唱、侵占、驱赶、撕咬,摔跤、抱对、错抱、拒绝行为、产卵)等。日变化规律变化表明:棘胸蛙的静止行为占了多数,其余多数行为集中在夜间,在凌晨03:00~05:00间出现一个最高峰,与此不同的是棘胸蛙的打斗行为在白天06:00~07:00、08:00~09:00、11:00~12:00多次出现高峰,而在夜间17:00~24:00打斗行为时间分配很少。呜叫行为在06:00—07:00,13:oo~14:00出现两个高峰,而在夜间17:00~01:00鸣叫行为时间分配很少。棘胸蛙的繁殖行为也主要发生在夜间,在凌晨02:30—04:30为高峰,其间抱对行为占到67%,其次为摔跤17%,撕咬15%,而其余所占很少。在行为描述的基础上,对棘胸蛙的有关行为机制进行了探讨。  相似文献   

14.
秦岭羚牛春夏季昼夜活动节律与时间分配   总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17  
1996年4~8月,在陕西省佛坪自然保护区内采用无线电遥测技术对4只秦岭羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)的活动规律进行了研究。春夏季羚牛的活动规律以白昼活动为主。羚牛每昼夜有69.95±11.06%的时间处于活动状态(n=40),其中76.77%的活动时间是在日出后到日落前的白昼。白昼有3个活动高峰期,分别出现在0600~0800、1000~1200、1800~20003个时间段。在夜间羚牛只有1个活动高峰期,通常出现在2400至次日凌晨0100的时间段。野外观察证实,羚牛白昼的3个活动高峰期与羚牛群体活跃采食的时间吻合。羚牛的昼夜活动节律的形成与变化,可能会受到诸如光照、温度、雨等气候条件的影响。每天的黎明阶段(0600~0700)及黄昏阶段(1830~1930)是羚牛活动最频繁的时候,平均活动率在90%以上。大雨期间羚牛常常站立或卧地休息。此外,羚牛昼夜活动节律和时间分配方面的差异在年龄上也有所体现。  相似文献   

15.
Although previous reports indicate that nocturnal plasma melatonin secretion declines with age, some recent findings do not support this point. In the present cross-sectional study, we documented serum melatonin concentrations at two time points, 02:00 and 08:00 h, in 144 persons aged 30-110 yr and found a significant age-related decline. It began around the age of 60 and reached a very significantly lower level in subjects in their 70s and over 80 yr of age (P < 0.01, when compared with age <60 yr). Nocturnal melatonin levels were higher among (post-menopausal only) women than men overall (P < 0.05). In the older age-groups, nocturnal melatonin levels did not differ between healthy controls and subjects with high blood pressure or ischemic heart disease. To further check these results, we also assessed the circadian pattern of serum melatonin in four subgroups of healthy men, aged 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 yr: blood samples were taken at 2 h intervals from 08:00 to 22:00 h and hourly from 22:00 to 08:00 h. Our results showed generally similar circadian melatonin patterns that peaked at night with very low levels during the daytime. No significant difference was found among the three younger groups, but nocturnal melatonin levels were significantly lower in the men in their 60s.  相似文献   

16.
In Exp. I, 0.5 mg oestradiol or vehicle (0.5 ml absolute ethanol + 0.5 ml 0.9% NaCl) was injected i.v. at 08:00 h on Day 14 (onset of oestrus = Day 0). Blood samples were obtained via a jugular catheter at 30 and 1 min before oestradiol and every 30 min for 10 h afterwards. Plasma was obtained and assayed for 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay. Before oestradiol, PGFM basal values were higher (P less than 0.01) in pregnant (N = 10) than nonpregnant (N = 6) ewes (193 +/- 30 vs 67 +/- 8 pg/ml). However, at 4-10 h after oestradiol, pregnant ewes (N = 5) had less variable (P less than 0.01) PGFM values than did nonpregnant ewes (N = 5). In Exp II, conceptus secretory proteins (CSP) were obtained by pooling medium from cultures of Day-16 sheep conceptuses (N = 40). Ewes received 750 micrograms CSP + 750 micrograms plasma protein (N = 6) or 1500 micrograms plasma protein (N = 6) per uterine horn at 08:00 h and 18:00 h on Days 12-14. All ewes received 0.5 mg oestradiol at 08:00 h on Day 14 and blood samples were collected as in Exp. I and assayed for PGFM. On Day 15, 3 ewes in each group received 10 i.u. oxytocin and 3 received saline i.v. at 08:00 h and blood samples were taken continuously from 10 min before to 60 min after treatment. Mean PGFM response to oestradiol was suppressed (P = 0.05) in CSP- vs plasma protein-treated ewes (371 +/- 129 vs 1188 +/- 139 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
The effects of housing, feeding time and diet composition on the behaviour of the laboratory rabbit were examined. The animals were caged individually in single or double metal cages with perforated metal floors, metal walls, and bars in the front, or kept as a group in floor pens. The light/dark cycle was 12/12 h with light from 04:00 to 16:00 h and 30 min twilight. One experiment compared feeding equal energy levels of a high energy diet (10.1 MJ/kg) and with a low energy diet (7.0 MJ/kg) at 08:00 h. The second experiment compared feeding the high energy diet at 08:00 h and at 14:00 h. In both studies the behaviour of the rabbits was recorded between 08:00 and 14:00 h and between 16:00 and 22:00 h. Feeding the animals at 14:00 h reduced abnormal behaviour during the dark period compared to feeding at 08:00 h, whereas no difference in behaviour could be detected between feeding a high-energy and a low-energy diet at 08:00 h. Animals in floor pens generally showed less abnormal behaviour than caged animals. The results indicate that the welfare for caged rabbits can be improved by feeding the animals in the afternoon rather than in the morning.  相似文献   

18.
The existence of circadian (24-h) rhythms in the coagulation activity of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (Factors II, VII, IX, and X) were studied in six healthy young (18–30 years old) and six healthy elderly (69–75 years old) men. Aliquots of 5 ml of blood were obtained from each of the 12 subjects at six different time points over a 24-h period. Factors II, VII, and X were quantified by the prothrombin time test, whereas Factor IX was analyzed by the activated partial thromboplastin time test. Significant circadian variations were found for Factors II and VII in both age groups. The peak and trough values for Factor II were observed at 16: 00 and 00: 00 in young men and at 12: 00 and 16: 00 in elderly men. The amplitude of the rhythmic variation of Factor II was 3.3 ± 1.0 and 4.2 ± 0.9% in young and elderly volunteers, respectively. For Factor VII, the highest values were found during the activity period (08: 00–16: 00), while the lowest values occurred at night (00: 00) for both groups of subjects. The amplitude of the rhythms was twice as large in the young (6.2 ± 2.3%) as in the elderly (3.7 ± 0.8%). The data suggest that age does not alter significantly the chronobiology of Factors II and VII.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the time of day of single intravenous doses of gentamicin affects the drug's pharmacokinetics in dogs maintained under a 12 h light (08:00 to 20:00 h), 12 h dark (20:00 to 08:00 h) cycle. Using a crossover design, 6 mixed-breed male dogs received a single dose of 2 mg/kg of gentamicin at 8:00 or 20:00 h. Serial blood samples were collected and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated following each timed dose. The concentration of the antibiotic was lower following the 08:00 h compared to the 20:00 h administration. When gentamicin was administered at 20:00 h, the initial concentration, mean residence time, and area under the disposition curve were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment, apparent volume of distribution, apparent volume of distribution at steady-state, and total body clearance (1.73+/-0.55 at 20:00 h versus 3.31+/-0.67 L/min/kg at 08:00 h) were significantly lower than for the 08:00 h administration (p < 0.05). Our results show that the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin exhibits significant temporal variation when administered to dogs at different times of day.  相似文献   

20.
To compare the behavioral effects of sleep-loss sleepiness (performance impairment due to sleep loss) and sleep inertia (period of impaired performance that follows awakening), mean response latencies and number of lapses from a visual simple reaction-time task were analyzed. Three experimental conditions were designed to manipulate sleepiness and sleep-inertia levels: uninterrupted sleep, partial sleep reduction, and total sleep deprivation. Each condition included two consecutive nights (the first always a night of uninterrupted sleep, and the second either a night of uninterrupted sleep, a night when sleep was reduced to 3 h, or a night of total sleep deprivation), as well as two days in which performance was assessed at 10 different time points (08:00, 08:30, 09:00, 09:30, 10:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00, 20:00, and 23:00 h). From 08:00 to 09:00 h, reaction times in the partial sleep-reduction and total sleep-deprivation conditions were at a similar level and were slower than those observed in the uninterrupted sleep condition. In the same time period, the frequency of lapses in the total sleep-deprivation condition was higher than in the partial sleep-reduction condition, while this latter condition never differed from the uninterrupted sleep condition. The results indicate that both sleep inertia and sleep-loss sleepiness lead to an increase in response latencies, but only extreme sleepiness leads to an increase in lapse frequency. We conclude that while reaction times slow as a result of both sleep inertia and sleep-loss sleepiness, lapses appear to be a specific feature of sleep-loss sleepiness.  相似文献   

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