贝母属植物酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳测定了采自甘的肃的贝母属植物,共８种１９个居群的酯酶工酶,结果表明,整个酶谱共显出２８条酶带,分成Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ４个区域,共有的酶带是Ａ２,Ａ７,Ｃ２２。各种（变种）间在酶带数目,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一样品３次取材的电泳结果相同,说明同工酶谱有很好的重复性,可以作为贝母属亲缘关系稳定的生化指标,舟曲贝母的酶谱与太白贝母的酶谱差异较大,建议将其提和或到种级水     

中国水筛属种子特征研究

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国水蒒属植物14个居群的种子特征进行 了研究。通过石蜡切片,在光学显微镜下观察了种子的内部结构。 本文的研究结果,认为种间居群的差异比较显著,种内的居群特征比较类似,将我国水蒒 属植物14个居群定为4种,即有尾水蒒Blyxa echinosperma (C. B. Clarke) Hook. f.,无尾水蒒B. aubertii Rich.,光滑水蒒B. leiosperma Koidz.,水蒒B. japonica (Miq.) Maxim-。     

安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离同工酶,首次分析了安徽产石蒜属６种植物十一个居群的过氧化物酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶三种酶同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并用数量分类方法,对酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ法）。结果表明：１、过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶酶谱均显示出居群间的差异,而苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱居群间共性很大。２、酶谱特征显示,三种酶系统在居群间或居群间的差异,但种间居群的酶谱差异明显大于种内居群的差     

浙江省水鳖科植物的种类与分布

浙江省有水鳖科植物5属8种,均属淡水种类,其中无尾水筛、有尾水筛和密齿苦草为浙江分布新记录。在水平分布上,水筛属分布局限于浙江东南部,苦草属则分布于浙江大部分地区而未见于浙江南部。在垂直分布上,水筛属的种数和分布量,在海拔600米以下,随海拔增高而增加,再向上又有减少的趋势;其余各属的种数和分布量则随海拔增高而减少。它们的分布主要受各自适宜的生境在水平和垂直带的不同分布所制约。浙江水鳖科植物区系与我国亚热带各省区尤其是相邻省的关系十分密切。     

我国特有植物缙云卫矛同功酶变异的数量分析

研究了分布于重庆市的我国特有植物———缙云卫矛 7个居群 91个个体功能叶片的过氧化物酶、细胞色素氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶谱带的变异式样 ,用Jaccard结合系数的UPGMA法进行聚类分析和主成分分析 ,结果表明 :1 0 .81 %的同工酶谱带是恒定的 ,89.1 9%的同工酶谱带在个体间表现出或多或少的变异 ;居群有 2 9.73 %的同工酶谱带是恒定的 ,70 .2 7%的同工酶谱带在居群间存在着一定程度的分化。来自同一居群的个体在谱带上表现出极大的相似性 ,而来源于不同居群的个体却表现出明显的趋异性 ,这可能是环境因子作用的结果或者是由于不同地域间基因流阻断所致。     

5种樱桃属植物的POD、CAT和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳技术对5种樱桃属植物的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的酶谱特征进行分析,结果表明:5种樱桃属植物共电泳出12条POD同工酶酶带、4条CAT同工酶酶带和8条SOD同工酶酶带;其中,POD同工酶酶谱具有5条共同谱带,CAT同工酶4条,SOD同工酶5条。冬季休眠期的樱桃属植物,POD与SOD同工酶谱带的多样性比较丰富,不同植物之间的谱带差异较大;而CAT同工酶谱带差异不明显。     

中国海菜花属植物三种同工酶的酶谱式样及其系统学含义

本文研究了代表中国海菜花属全部已知分类群的18个野生居群的过氧化物酶同工酶(POX),和其中7个居群的细胞色素氧化酶同工酶(COX),3个居群的酯酶同工酶酶谱式样及其系统学含义。结果表明:所有分类群的POX酶谱和龙舌草的COX酶谱均具多形现象,暗示编码有关同工酶的基因在种内居群间存在差异;3种同工酶都具分类价值,其分类结果与形态学分类结果一致支持将出水水菜花归并到水菜花中,取消海菜花的两个变种——路南海菜花和通海海菜花,而仅保留变种波叶海菜花。此外,本文初步揭示了POX酶谱式样与繁育系统的相关性。     

半夏种内不同居群酯酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶酶谱特征分析

对栽培在同一生境下的16个半夏〔Pinellia ternata（Thunb.）Breit.〕居群同一生长期叶片中酯酶（EST）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶酶谱进行了比较分析,结果表明：EST和SOD同工酶酶谱在各居群间,甚至在同一居群内除少数共有的特征谱带外存在着较为明显的频率差异。EST同工酶在半夏各居群中最多可显示12条谱带,其中在慢区的第5（弱带）和快区的第10（强带）2条谱带为各居群所共有的特征谱带;SOD同工酶在半夏各居群中最多显示9条谱带,其中在慢区的第2（弱带）、快区的第5（强带）和第9（强带）3条谱带为各居群所共有的特 征谱带。     

裸子植物的生化系统学(一)——松科植物的过氧化物酶

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了松科全部10属59种又A变种的过氧化物 酶。 尽管个别种在种内酶谱有变化,但每个种仍有足以与其他种区分的特征性 酶谱。我们定义“两分类群总带数除两分类群不相同带数”为“酶谱距离“,作为 属间和种间酶谱分歧的数量指标。松科各属内平均酶谱距离与Prager等(1976) 报道的抗原距离以及各属的化石历史基本一致。落叶松属、雪松属、金钱松属发 生最晚,云杉属等次之,松属最为古老。分子证据支持属和亚科的划分。对比杨 属的数据,说明过氧化物酶进化有稳定速率。 文章最后讨论了酶谱资料在研究 植物形态进化和分子进化中的作用。     

宽叶韭种内分化的同工酶及可溶性蛋白的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）对宽叶韭的３个代表居群内不同植株间的过氧化物酶、酯酶和１６个居群间的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）、葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤＨ）、苹果酸酶（ＭＥ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、天冬氨酸转移酶（ＡＡＴ）、腺苷三磷酸酶（ＡＴＰａｓｅ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）８种同工酶系统以及可溶性蛋白进行了分析。结果发现：居群内不同植株的酶谱无差异;居群间的酶谱存在多态性,酶谱差异明显,且各居群均有其特征酶谱。采用“排序”方法和聚类分析,对宽叶韭１６个居群酶谱的相似系数和酶谱距离进行了研究。同工酶谱表型差异彼此显著的３个代表居群的可溶性蛋白双向电泳图谱也表现出明显差异,印证了同工酶的分析结果。结合细胞学的最新核型证据,从生物化学角度确定了这１６个居群间的亲缘关系和彼此的分化程度。结果表明：宽叶韭明显分为两大类,即冬季不倒苗和冬季倒苗两类,在同一类型中各居群之间彼此近缘,且冬季不倒苗的类型分化程度较高。本研究首次将多种同工酶的综合分析与聚类分析及可溶性蛋白双向电泳用于葱属植物的种内分化研究,为植物分子进化和系统学研究提供了科学依据     

A Study on Seed Characters in Chinese Blyxa

The present paper reports seed characters of 14 populations in Chinese Blyxa, examined using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The internal structures of seeds were observed under light microscope after being prepared by paraffin section. The results show that differences between populations of different species are more distinct than between those within a species. The 14 populations in Chinese Blyxa are grouped into 4 species, i.e. Blyxa echinosperma (G. B. clarke) Hook. f., B. auberti Rich., B. leiosper-ma Koid., B. japonica (Miq.) Maxim.     

小麦和花生叶细胞内超氧物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的特性和分布

用等电聚焦凝胶电泳方法对小麦、花生叶内超氧物歧化酶同工酶进行了研究,在栽培小麦叶中发现4条 SOD 同工酶谱带。证明位于图谱下方迁移率最大的强单带是叶绿体 SOD,其它3个可能是细胞质 SOD。对野生花生和栽培花生的比较研究结果表明,前者叶中包含3类不同的谱带(文中 A、B 和 C 带)。A 带及 B 带对氰化物敏感,是 Cu-Zn-SOD,C 带不敏感,可能是线粒体 Mn-SOD。栽培花生叶内 SOD 大部集中在叶绿体中,主要是 Cu-Zn-SOD。本文测定了各谱带的 PI 值,并就两类花生叶中 SOD 的不同特性和分布可能对其生物保护功能的影响作了讨论。     

MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA RESTRICTION-SITE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE TELEOST FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS SUPPORT SECONDARY INTERGRADATION

Fundulus heteroclitus is a highly polymorphic fish distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America. Several loci show directional changes in gene frequency with latitude (i.e., clines). Such directional changes have classically been described by two general models: primary and secondary intergradation. Previously, it has not been possible to distinguish between these models for Fundulus heteroclitus on the basis of allelic isozymes or morphological data. However, recent analysis of mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) restriction electromorphs helps resolve this issue. Mitochondrial-DNA samples from 48 individuals representing four populations were digested with 17 restriction endonucleases. After electrophoresis, the sizes of the mtDNA fragments were used to analyze the phylogenetic relatedness of fish collected over most of the species range. The analysis clearly identified two major races within the species: a northern and a southern form. The distribution of the mtDNA electromorphs, combined with zoogeographical changes in allelic isozymes and in eggs and adult morphologies (published elsewhere), makes the secondary-intergradation hypothesis most compelling.     

Further studies on the genetic control of chicken plasma alkaline phosphatase isozyme.

The effects of neuraminidase treatment on the electrophoretic pattern of alkaline phosphatase (AP) isozymes and AP activity were investigated in chicken plasma. AP comprised three isozymes. The zymogram of an individual chicken plasma had two bands, either the faster (F) or the slower (S) moving band by isozyme types and the B band irrespective of isozyme types. Mobility of the S band and AP activity in chicken plasma were not affected by neuraminidase treatment. The treatment has a reduced migration rate of the F band equal to that of the S band and the B band of both types closer to the origin. The genetic control of these bands is discussed.     

Further studies on the genetic control of chicken plasma alkaline phosphatase isozyme

The effects of neuraminidase treatment on the electrophoretic pattern of alkaline phosphatase (AP) isozymes and AP activity were investigated in chicken plasma. AP comprised three isozymes. The zymogram of an individual chicken plasma had two bands, either the faster (F) or the slower (S) moving band by isozyme types and the B band irrespective of isozyme types. Mobility of the S band and AP activity in chicken plasma were not affected by neuraminidase treatment. The treatment has a reduced migration rate of the F band equal to that of the S band and the B band of both types closer to the origin. The genetic control of these bands is discussed.     

新疆野生油菜细胞遗传学研究──Ⅱ．染色体的形态特征、过氧化物酶同工酶和mtDNA分析

对７０个不同编号的新疆野生油菜和黑芥进行了染色体形态特征、过氧化物酶同工酶和ｍｔＤＮＡ的研究,结果表明：新疆野生油菜的染色体数为２ｎ＝１８,不同于黑芥（Ｂ．ｎｉｇｒａ）尤嫩斯２ｎ＝１６。新疆野生油菜与黑芥的核型都为Ｂ型,但染色体比不同,新疆野生油菜的染色体比小于黑芥。用吉姆萨染色,新疆野生油菜带型不同于黑芥,最明显的差异是新疆野生油菜有一对染色体显全带,表示为组成型异染色质,而黑芥没有。过氧化物酶酶带的明显差异是新疆野生油菜比黑芥多一条酶带。ｍｔＤＮＡ分析表明,新疆野生油菜与黑芥都有主带ＤＮＡ分子,但新疆野生油菜还有两条质粒状ＤＮＡ带,而黑芥没有。由此认为新疆野生油菜与黑芥不是同一个种,但亲缘关系密切,并推测在黑芥的演化过程中,新疆野生油菜可能是最原始的类型,到现在或许还有少数的过渡类型。     

斯氏并殖吸虫乳酸脱氢酶,苹果酸脱氢酶及酯酶同工酶的研究

本文采用Disc-PAGE电泳,首次对我国独有的斯氏并殖吸虫(Paragonimus skrjabini Chen,1959)成虫、童虫、囊蚴的乳酸脱氢酶(以下简称LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(以下简称MDH)和酯酶(以下简称EST)同工酶进行了研究。 在成虫、童虫、囊蚴间,LDH、MDH、EST同工酶在酶带数、排列型式、Rf值、相对活性和优势酶带的位置都存在差异。 根据虫体和宿主组织同工酶谱的不同,可以认为是本虫本身所具有。 同工酶作为其分类指标时,不仅要比较不同虫种成虫稳定的同工酶谱,也要比较同工酶在个体发育型式间的差异。     

A Multivariate Analysis of Hybridization when Covariance Matrices are Unequal

Numerous occurrences of natural hybridization have been known in many groups of animals. It has a bearing on growth, nomenclature, speciation, genetics and wildlife management. It is well recognised that demonstration of intermediacy based on several characters makes the identification of hybrids more certain than that based on just a single character, and that differences among the hybrids and the parental populations should be analysed for variations due to the additive genetic (A) and the non-additive genetic (NA) factors separately. In the present paper (i) it is pointed out that sometimes the assumption that covariance matrices of the hybrids and the parental populations are equal, may not be valid, and (ii) a multivariate method of testing hypotheses analysing differences between the hybrids and the parents, qualified by the A and the NA factors, when covariance matrices are not equal, is submitted.     

中华姬鼠与大林姬鼠的同工酶差异

中华姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｄｒａｃｏ）和大林姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｐｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａｅ）是形态学上十分相似的两种鼠类。为了对两种姬鼠的分类提供生物化学方面的依据,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳方法比较和分析了两种姬鼠的ＬＤＨ同工酶、ＥＳＴ同工酶和ＳＯＤ同工酶的差异。结果表明,两种姬鼠的ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱基本相似,而ＥＳＴ同工酶和ＳＯＤ同工酶酶谱则存在明显的种间差异。根据ＥＳＴ同工酶Ａ２带的有无和ＳＯＤ同工酶主带等电点的差别,能将两种姬鼠很容易区分开来。     

A monoclonal antibody to the embryonic myosin heavy chain of rat skeletal muscle

A monoclonal antibody, 2B6, has been prepared against the embryonic myosin heavy chain of rat skeletal muscle. On solid phase radioimmunoassay, 2B6 shows specificity to myosin isozymes known to contain the embryonic myosin heavy chain and on immunoblots of denatured contractile proteins and on competitive radioimmunoassay, it reacts only with the myosin heavy chain of embryonic myosin and not with the myosin heavy chain of neonatal or adult fast and slow myosin isozymes or with other contractile or noncontractile proteins. This specificity is maintained with cat, dog, guinea pig, and human myosins, but not with chicken myosins. 2B6 was used to define which isozymes in the developing animal contained the embryonic myosin heavy chain and to characterize the changes in embryonic myosin heavy chain in fast versus slow muscles during development. Finally, 2B6 was used to demonstrate that thyroid hormone hastens the disappearance of embryonic myosin heavy chain during development, while hypothyroidism retards its decrease. This confirmed our previous conclusion that thyroid hormones orchestrate changes in isozymes during development.