诱导多能干细胞来源的间充质干细胞的治疗潜力与应用风险

诱导多能干细胞衍生的间充质干细胞(iMSC)已被提出作为原代间充质干细胞(MSC)的替代来源,在疾病治疗相关研究中也显示出多种优势。但是iMSC更适用于何种疾病类型,以及是否具有潜在的风险均未被充分阐明。本研究利用公共数据库中的高通量测序数据,将iMSC与骨髓源的MSC(BM-MSC)、脂肪源的MSC(AD-MSC)和脐带源的MSC(UC-MSC)进行对比,通过不同生物信息学方法,包括差异表达基因分析、功能富集分析、蛋白质相互作用网络分析及CMap数据库筛选,结果表明,iMSC具有独特的基因转录特征,与3种常用的MSC在基因表达上存在显著差异,特别是在神经、肌肉发育和免疫调节相关基因表达上;差异基因的功能富集分析进一步证实,iMSC在神经相关疾病治疗中表现出潜在优势,同时具有较低的免疫原性,但也存在较高的成瘤性风险;通过CMap数据库分析,识别了可能抑制iMSC成瘤性的基因靶点和小分子抑制剂,为降低iMSC应用风险提供了可能的策略。综上所述,iMSC作为细胞治疗的潜在来源,在神经疾病治疗中具有潜在优势,但其安全性需通过更多实验和临床研究来验证。     

间充质干细胞研究新进展

骨髓中存在着一种多潜能的间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)。其在体内分布广泛,易分离,能在体外大量扩增,并具有强大的可塑性,除能在体内、外诱导分化形成骨、软骨、脂肪、神经胶质等细胞以外,最新的研究结果表明还能分化形成包括血液、内皮、肝实质细胞以及视网膜等几乎三个胚层的细胞。由于间充质干细胞跨越了人胚胎干细胞所面临的伦理问题,这使得间充质干细胞在细胞治疗及组织工程等应用方面具有其他组织干细胞不可比拟的优势。     

间充质干细胞在造血干细胞移植中的应用

间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一种具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,存在于骨髓、脂肪组织、脐血及多种胎儿组织.它可分泌多种细胞因子及生长因子,促进造血干细胞(HSC)的增殖与分化.MSCs还具有免疫调节、抗炎和组织修复作用,可减轻移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)及其他移植相关并发症.     

间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用研究进展

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSCs)属于成体干细胞,其具有广阔的临床应用前景.近年来人们发现MSCs有较强的免疫调节能力,并成功的将其用于治疗移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD).据此推测MSCs对于其它慢性炎症性或者免疫相关性疾病可能同样具有治疗作用.本文将从MSCs对各类免疫细胞的作用、可能的机制、相关的动物实验以及临床研究等方面对MSCs的免疫调节作用研究进展作一综述.     

间充质干细胞特性与应用前景

间充质干细胞是中胚层发育的早期细胞,具备干细胞的基本特性。在发育的不同阶段和特定环境条件下,间充质干细胞可向骨、软骨、肌肉、神经、血管及血液细胞等多种方向分化。在成体的很多器官和组织中也存在着间充质干细胞,以备修复和再生所用。间充质干细胞易于体外培养,扩增迅速,可以分化为多种细胞,为干细胞生物工程提供了一个很好的种子细胞。在明确间充质干细胞生物学特性和分化的机制后,可在体外和体内将其定向诱导分化为多种细胞。间充质干细胞具有巨大的临床应用价值和科学研究价值。     

骨髓间充质干细胞的免疫学研究进展

间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）是骨髓中除造血干细胞以外的另一种成体干细胞,广泛分布于动物体内骨髓、肝脏、脂肪等多种组织中。MSCS具有强大的自我更新能力和多向分化潜能,是移植领域应用前景广阔的再生来源细胞;同时,MSCs是一种重要的免疫调节细胞,MSCs在炎症细胞因子刺激后对免疫系统表现出很强的抑制作用,所以MSCs有望应用于减少免疫排斥,延长移植物存活时间,治疗相关免疫失调症,如自身免疫疾病等方面。本文主要对间充质干细胞与免疫系统相互作用的研究做相关介绍。     

间充质干细胞在肝脏疾病应用的研究现况

间充质干细胞（MSC）属于成体干细胞的一种,是一类具有自我更新和多向分化能力的多能干细胞。其来源丰富,免疫原性低,目前体内外实验均发现MSC可促进损伤肝脏修复,改善症状,提高存活率。通过调节肝脏局部和全身炎症反应和免疫紊乱发挥治疗作用。本文就MSC治疗肝脏疾病的研究现况进行综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞是存在于骨髓中的具有高度自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的干细胞群体 ,具有支持造血、多向分化潜能以及在细胞和基因工程中具有潜在应用前景等特点 ,将在医学上具有重要的临床应用价值。     

间充质干细胞外泌体治疗肺部疾病的研究进展

肺部疾病作为一种呼吸系统常见病,与重工业快速发展、环境污染等密切相关,死亡率极高.近来研究发现间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)能够自主归巢至疾病损伤部位、修复受损组织并参与调节全身炎症和免疫反应,在临床上有较好的应用前景.外泌体是一种细胞外膜囊泡,可能通过调节细胞间通讯参与生物系统...     

中药诱导骨髓间充质干细胞多向分化研究进展

干细胞（stem cell）是指具有自我更新、高度增殖及多分化潜能的未分化细胞,它能产生出表型与基因型完全相同的子细胞,是机体其他细胞的起源。根据其发展阶段和来源不同,干细胞可分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。     

Tracking adult stem cells

The maintenance of stem-cell-driven tissue homeostasis requires a balance between the generation and loss of cell mass. Adult stem cells have a close relationship with the surrounding tissue--known as their niche--and thus, stem-cell studies should preferably be performed in a physiological context, rather than outside their natural environment. The mouse is an attractive model in which to study adult mammalian stem cells, as numerous experimental systems and genetic tools are available. In this review, we describe strategies commonly used to identify and functionally characterize adult stem cells in mice and discuss their potential, limitations and interpretations, as well as how they have informed our understanding of adult stem-cell biology. An accurate interpretation of physiologically relevant stem-cell assays is crucial to identify adult stem cells and elucidate how they self-renew and give rise to differentiated progeny.     

Thoughts about cancer stem cells in solid tumors

Cancer chemotherapy efficacy is frequently impaired by either intrinsic or acquired tumor resistance.A fundamental problem in cancer research is identifying the cell type that is capable of sustaining neoplastic growth and its origin from normal tissue cells.In recent years,the cancer stem cell(CSC) theory has changed the classical view of tumor growth and therefore the therapeutic perspective.Overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer stem/progenitor cells to current clinical treatments represents a major challenge in treating and curing the most aggressive and metastatic cancers.On the other hand,the identification of CSCs in vivo and in vitro relies on specific surface markers that should allow the sorting cancer cells into phenotypically distinct subpopulations.In the present review,recent papers published on CSCs in solid tumors(breast,prostate,brain and melanoma) are discussed,highlighting critical points such as the choice of markers to sort CSCs and mouse models to demonstrate that CSCs are able to replicate the original tumor.A discussion of the possible role of aldehyde dehydrogenase and CXCR6 biomarkers as signaling molecules in CSCs and normal stem cells is also discussed.The author believes that efforts have to be made to investigate the functional and biological properties of putative CSCs in cancer.Developing diagnostic/prognostic tools to follow cancer development is also a challenge.In this connection it would be useful to develop a multidisciplinary approach combining mathematics,physics and biology which merges experimental approaches and theory.Biological models alone are probably unable to resolve the problem completely.     

Longitudinal data on telomere length in leukocytes from newborn baboons support a marked drop in stem cell turnover around 1 year of age

Stem cells of various tissues are typically defined as multipotent cells with 'self-renewal' properties. Despite the increasing interest in stem cells, surprisingly little is known about the number of times stem cells can or do divide over a lifetime. Based on telomere-length measurements of hematopoietic cells, we previously proposed that the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells is limited by progressive telomere attrition and that such cells divide very rapidly during the first year of life. Recent studies of patients with aplastic anemia resulting from inherited mutations in telomerase genes support the notion that the replicative potential of hematopoietic stem cells is directly related to telomere length, which is indirectly related to telomerase levels. To revisit conclusions about stem cell turnover based on cross-sectional studies of telomere length, we performed a longitudinal study of telomere length in leukocytes from newborn baboons. All four individual animals studied showed a rapid decline in telomere length (approximately 2-3 kb) in granulocytes and lymphocytes in the first year after birth. After 50-70 weeks the telomere length appeared to stabilize in all cell types. These observations suggest that hematopoietic stem cells, after an initial phase of rapid expansion, switch at around 1 year of age to a different functional mode characterized by a markedly decreased turnover rate.     

脐带间充质干细胞的生物学特性及旁分泌作用的研究进展

脐带是由胚胎外中胚层和/或胚胎中胚层发育而来的组织,脐带间充质干细胞是具有自我更新、多向分化以及高度增殖潜能的多功能干细胞。研究证明,脐带间充质干细胞具有以下功能：参与炎症反应,抑制炎症因子分泌并促进免疫调节;参与受损伤组织的治疗与修复使其再生并改善特定疾病症状;抑制肿瘤增殖和迁移以及促进其凋亡等。然而目前尚未明确以上功能是间充质干细胞本身发挥作用,还是其分泌的相关因子对机体修复产生作用。主要对脐带间充质干细胞的定义、来源、生物学特性、分泌功能等方面的研究进展进行了综述,旨在更好地利用间充质干细胞修复组织,以期为脐带间充质干细胞的后续研究提供参考依据。