江西赣江源自然保护区鱼类物种多样性初步研究

江西赣江源自然保护区地处武夷山脉南端.2007年11月和2008年5月,对保护区鱼类资源进行实地调查.调查发现保护区内野生淡水鱼类共计16种,隶属于4目8科15属,以鲤形目鲤科鱼类为主,多为山区溪流小型鱼类.鱼类物种多样性在空间分布上有所不同,低海拔处鱼类种类较高海拔处丰富;其多样性在时间上夏季高于冬季.     

漓江上游鱼类物种组成及其多样性分析

2013年4月—2014年1月,分季度对漓江上游干流及其4条支流(小溶江、川江、陆洞河和黄柏江)进行了4次鱼类物种多样性调查研究,共采集淡水鱼类72种,隶属于4目15科51属。以鲤形目为主,分别占总物种数和总个体数的62.50%和79.78%;鲤科占优势,占总个体数的51.99%;研究区域内以宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus、方氏品唇鳅Pseudogastromyzon fangi、马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens为优势种,分别占总个体数的26.76%、11.92%、10.50%;多样性结果显示:夏季鱼类多样性(Margalef物种丰富度D_(ma),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'e,Pielou均匀度指数Je)高于春季和冬季,秋季最低;漓江上游干流多样性高于其他4条支流,黄柏江优势种最明显(Simpson优势度指数λ最高),多样性最低。     

甘肃省鱼类资源现状及DNA条形码在鱼类物种鉴定中的应用

为了摸清甘肃省土著鱼类资源与分布现状, 探索DNA条形码在鱼类辅助物种鉴定中的适用性, 2012年6-9月对甘肃境内黄河水系、嘉陵江水系和河西内陆河水系进行了较全面的鱼类调查。共采集鱼类标本3,087尾, 隶属于5目10科38属64种, 以鲤科种类最多, 为30种, 占总种数的46.88%。物种多样性分析表明, 在黄河水系的夏河和庄浪河多样性指数是所有调查点中最低的, 分别为1.38和1.09。嘉陵江水系各河段的多样性指数较高(H = 2.15-3.27), 其次为河西内陆河水系(H = 2.01-2.83)。在河西内陆河水系中, 疏勒河的均匀度指数最高, 为1.10, 黑河最低(0.68)。庄浪河的优势度指数最高, 为0.34, 而嘉陵江干流两当段的优势度指数在所有调查点中最低, 为0.04。利用DNA条形码分析了49种662尾标本的COI基因部分序列, 大部分种类在neighbor-joining系统树中形成各自的单系, 种内平均遗传距离0.88%, 种间平均遗传距离为9.99%, 在种内和种间COI序列遗传距离之间形成明显的条形码间隙, 斯氏高原鳅(Triplophysa stoliczkae)与达里湖高原鳅(T. dalaica), 甘肃高原鳅(T. robusta)与似鲇高原鳅(T. siluroides), 嘉陵裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis kialingensis)与黄河裸裂尻鱼(S. pylzovi)之间的遗传距离低于2%, 甘肃高原鳅与似鲇高原鳅不能通过COI基因片段区分开, 其他两对物种可以采用核苷酸诊断法来进一步区分。斯氏高原鳅和拉氏鱼岁(Phoxinus lagowskii)种内遗传分歧较大, 揭示种内可能存在隐存种。结果表明, 对某些近缘种和不同地理种群差异较大的物种, 要将分子、形态和地理分布特点结合起来才能准确鉴定。     

台湾海峡鱼类物种多样性研究回顾

台湾海峡位于中国福建和台湾岛之间, 其特殊的海洋环境使得其鱼类物种多样性水平较高并独具特色。本文综述了台湾海峡鱼类物种多样性研究的历程和成果。20世纪以来, 台湾海峡鱼类物种多样性的研究可以划分为早期研究时期、研究起步时期、系统调查时期和综合研究时期4个阶段, 从最初以新种描述为主的零星报道, 到大规模系统性的综合调查和研究; 目前为止, 大陆文献共记录台湾海峡鱼类1390种, 台湾地区文献共记录鱼类1525种, 总计台湾海峡鱼类1697种。这些种类多数为暖水性广布种, 鱼类区系以印度-西太平洋暖水区的印度-马来亚区和中-日亚区过渡海区种为主; 今后台湾海峡鱼类物种多样性的研究应加强两岸合作, 并充分发挥数据库应用的优势地位。     

长江流域鱼类物种多样性大尺度格局研究

作者以长江流域鱼类编目数据库为基础数据,研究了长江流域鱼类物种多样性的大尺度格局。长江流域内共记录了鱼类378种(亚种),隶属于14目32科144属。其中淡水鱼338种(亚种),以鲤形目为主,达到269种(亚种),洄游鱼类11种,河口鱼类29种;流域内特有种和受威胁物种分别有162种(亚种)和69种(亚种)。根据鱼类分布特点,按水系将长江流域分为19个区域,除了江源区和金沙江中上游外,物种数和G-F多样性指数上游高于中下游,但各区域内差异不大,然而特有种比例从上游到下游随海拔降低而逐渐降低。利用Jaccard物种相似性系数对19个区域进行聚类分析,将整个流域分成三部分:(1)江源区和金沙江中上游,地理上属于青藏高原东南部波状平原部分和横断山区,(2)上游其他流域,地理上属于川西高原、云贵高原、四川盆地及秦巴山区,(3)中下游流域,地理上属于淮阳山地、江南丘陵和长江中下游平原,基本反映了流域内自然地理环境及我国大陆地势三级台阶变化的特点。     

北京颐和园昆明湖的鱼类物种多样性

作者分别于2005年9月(秋季)和2006年5月(春季)对北京颐和园昆明湖的鱼类资源进行了调查,共采集到野生鱼类14种,分属于3目7科13属,以鲤形目鲤科鱼类为主;文中描述了各种类的主要外形特征和分布状况。昆明湖鱼类物种多样性存在明显的时空差异,春秋2季鱼类的优势种明显不同,秋季以大鳍(?)数量最多,而春季则以(?)的数量最多;湖岸和湖中央的鱼类种类也存在差异,这可能与鱼类的摄食行为不同有关。     

漓江中下游鱼类物种组成及其多样性研究

2014年4月—2015年1月,按季度对漓江中下游进行了4次鱼类物种多样性调查研究,共采集鱼类10 161尾,计74种,隶属于5目15科55属。以鲤形目为主,占总物种数的66.67%,总个体数的64.29%;且鲤科占优势,占总个体数的59.30%。夏季鱼类多样性指数最高,物种最丰富,春季鱼类多样性相对较低,鱼类物种相对较少。秋冬两季多样性指数相差不大,鱼类的季节变化不明显;春季优势度指数λ最高,优势种较明显;鱼类群落结构相似性分析(ANOSIM)结果显示,平乐县鱼类群落结构与其他采样点间存在显著差异;但鱼类群落的季节性差异不明显。     

澜沧江西双版纳段鱼类组成和物种多样性

根据2018-2020年澜沧江西双版纳段5次鱼类资源调查数据,结合相关文献资料,对该流域鱼类组成及物种多样性进行了分析。结果显示：澜沧江西双版纳段此次共调查到鱼类119种,隶属于11目28科79属,而历史记录鱼类共179种,隶属于12目34科106属。随着调查的不断深入,土著鱼类种数逐渐增多,但占比却逐渐下降,外来鱼类种数逐渐增多,占比也逐渐升高;本次调查到土著鱼类92种,占鱼类种数的77.31%,占比进一步下降;外来鱼类27种,占鱼类种数的22.69%,占比进一步升高。该区域鱼类优势种为云南吻孔鲃Poropuntius huangchuchieni和少鳞舟齿鱼Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus,常见种为长臀鲃Mystacoleucus marginatus和宽额鳢Channa gachua。有《国家重点保护野生动物名录》（2021年）鱼类5种,《中国生物多样性红色名录脊椎动物卷》（2015年）受威胁鱼类8种。相对于我国其他江河,澜沧江西双版纳段有极高水平的鱼类物种多样性,其中澜沧江干流鱼类物种多样性相对于左、右岸支流较低,左岸支流鱼类多样性高于右岸,罗梭江鱼类多样性高于其他一级支流。虽然澜沧江西双版纳段鱼类物种多样性维持在较高水平,但土著鱼类占比下降趋势明显,仍面临着严重威胁,本文分析了受威胁因素,并提出了保护建议。     

广西野生淡水鱼类的物种多样性及其资源的可持续利用

广西地形复杂,河流众多,适于不同鱼类的栖息和繁殖.经对分布于广西境内的各水系鱼类资源的调查、对相关馆藏标本的进一步鉴定以及对相关文献的整理,目前已知广西淡水鱼类15目37科143属290种和亚种,其中很多种类具有重要经济价值.对广西及其邻近省区鱼类多样性指数的计算、比较和分析表明,广西地区G指数最高,F指数和G-F指数除低于云南外,高于广东、海南、贵州和湖南.广西野生淡水鱼类的显著特点是物种多样性高,特有属、种多,很多物种分布区狭窄,区系成分表现出明显的东洋界特点,不同水系鱼类组成各具特色.近年来,广西自然水域的野生鱼类资源的破坏较为严重,本文对广西野生淡水鱼类资源的可持续利用进行了讨论.     

安徽赣江吉安段鸟类多样性研究

为了解赣江吉安段鸟类多样性,于2005年9月～2007年3月采用样线法调查当地鸟类的种类和数量.共记录到鸟类102种,隶属14目30科,其中牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis和白鹭Egretta garzetta被列入<濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约>.当地有国家Ⅱ级保护动物4种:鸢Milvus migrans、燕隼Falco subbuteo、红隼Falco tinnunculus和白鹇Lophura nycthemera,江西省级重点保护野生动物30种,"三有"鸟类81种.调查表明赣江吉安段鸟类资源丰富,区系组成复杂,这与该地区所处的地理位置和特殊的气候条件等相关.近年来人类活动影响了当地鸟类多样性.     

黄河流域淡水鱼类多样性和保护

本文介绍了黄河流域鱼类研究的历史、淡水鱼类的物种组成、整体分布格局、特有性、濒危性, 以及鱼类多样性在黄河上、中、下游等的特点。历史上对于黄河鱼类多样性的研究, 历经了四个阶段, 从最初的零星记录一直到现阶段的深入研究。综合历史记录和野外调查, 已知黄河流域分布的淡水鱼类共计147种, 隶属于12目21科78属, 其中鲤形目种类占据绝对优势。另外, 全流域黄河特有种计有27种, 受危物种24种, 分别占总数的18.37%和16.32%。同中国主要江河相比, 黄河鱼类在高级分类阶元上的多样性较高, 但物种多样性则处在较低水平; 尽管黄河特有鱼类和受危物种比例低于全国平均水平, 但上游特有鱼类和珍稀濒危鱼类的占比很高。目前黄河鱼类多样性大幅降低, 现状调查仅能采获历史记录种类的53.06%。梯级水电开发、水资源过度利用、外来物种、水域污染和过度捕捞都是威胁鱼类多样性的重要因素, 但对各河段和支流的影响不一, 应做出有针对性的保护部署。     

Squalius semae,a new species of chub from the Euphrates River,Eastern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

In a study of the fishes of the Euphrates River (Persian Gulf basin) three species of Squalius belonging to the cephalus-group were found: The Tohma population was identified as S. seyhanensis and the Merzimen and Hilvan populations as S. berak. The comparison of 28 metric and 5 meristic parameters and morphological characters showed that the populations of the northern Euphrates River drainages are distinct and belong to a hitherto unnamed species. We describe it here as Squalius semae sp. n.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D195B69C-C6CB-4DEB-B85D-5B695F917CE5     

Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Armenia,Azerbaijan and Georgia

We present a critical checklist of freshwater fish species found so far in the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. In total 119 freshwater fishes are recorded. There are 40, 86 and 96 species currently known for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia respectively. From these 119 species, seven are endemic and seven species are alien. From the alien species, only three (Carassius gibelio, Gambusia holbrooki and Pseudorasbora parva) can be considered as widespread and invasive. There are four species (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gobio artvinicus, Perca fluviatilis and Salmo gegarkuni) that are translocated within the region. Seven species are confirmed or recorded for the first time including G. artvinicus and Oxynoemacheilus veyselorum for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, Capoeta kaput and Rhinogobius lindbergi for Azerbaijan and Georgia, Capoeta razii for Azebaijan, Oxynoemacheilus cemali and Squalius agdamicus for Georgia. In this checklist, Acipenser colchicus is treated as a synonym of Acipenser persicus. Sand smelts of the Black and Caspian Sea basin are identified as Atherina caspia and Clupeonella caspia is treated as a synonym of Clupeonella cultriventris. Coregonus sevanicus is listed as Coregonus sp. until the situation of Sevan whitefish is better understood. Capoeta sevangi and Capoeta ekmekciae are synonyms of Capoeta capoeta. The fish often identified as Capoeta capoeta gracilis from rivers south of the Kura most likely belong to C. razii. The Black and Caspian Sea Rutilus populations are treated as conspecific, therefore R. kutum is a junior synonym of R. frisii. Oxynoemacheilus veyseli is valid as O. veyselorum. We list the alien Rhinogobius species as R. lindbergi, however the name is provisional and needs further confirmation. All Squalius species from the Kura River drainage are identified as S. agdamicus, however in the Aras, it is replaced by S. turcicus. Squalius orientalis is treated as a valid species restricted to the eastern Black Sea basin. The four forms of Lake Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan, S. gegarkuni, S. danilewskii and S. aestivalis) are treated as valid species, two of them (S. ischchan and S. danilewskii) are extinct. Rutilus sojuchbulagi from Azerbaijan is also extinct.     

Knodus dorsomaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae), a new species from Teles Pires River,Tapajós River basin,Brazil

Knodus dorsomaculatus, a new species, is described from Teles Pires River, a tributary of the Tapajós River, Brazil. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a conspicuous dark blotch on the base of the first five branched dorsal fin rays and the presence of ii,9 dorsal fin rays. Additional comparisons between K. dorsomaculatus and its congeners are presented.     

A new Pseudophoxinus (Teleostei,Cyprinidae) species from Asi River Drainage (Turkey)

Pseudophoxinus turani sp. n. is described from the İncesu Spring (Hassa-Hatay) drainage of Asi River, Turkey. It is distinguished from other Eastern Mediterranean Region Pseudophoxinus species by a combination of characters: lateral line incomplete, with 12–25 (commonly 16–21) perforated scales and 38–46+2-3 scales in lateral series (commonly 41–44+2-3); 10–11 scale rows between the lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 3–4 scale rows between the lateral line and the pelvic–fin origin; dorsal fin with 7½ branched rays; anal fin commonly with 7½ branched rays; 8-11gill rakers on the first branchial arch; dorsal profile markedly convex with marked hump at the nape, ventral profile less convex than dorsal profile; a small, irregular, black blotch on the base of the caudal fin; mouth terminal, with slightly distinct chin, its corner not reaching vertical through anterior margin of eye; snout somewhat long, with rounded tip; and its length greater than eye diameter.     

Hearing in eight species of northern Canadian freshwater fishes

The hearing thresholds of eight fish species from northern Canada were measured using auditory evoked potential techniques. The species with the best hearing was the lake chub Couesius plumbeus , followed by the longnose sucker Catastomus catastomus , both which had relatively sensitive hearing over the frequency range tested from 100 to 1600 Hz. The remaining species (troutperch Percopsis omiscomaycus , nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius , pike Esox lucius , spoonhead sculpin Cottus ricei , burbot Lota lota and broad whitefish Coregonus nasus ) all showed most sensitivity to low frequencies (<400 Hz) and had relatively insensitive high frequency hearing. The two species with the best hearing are otophysan fishes with connections between the swimbladder and inner ear. The spoonhead sculpin lacks a swimbladder, while the other non-otophysan species have swimbladders, but no specialized connection to the inner ear. These results can be used to predict the potential impact of anthropogenic noise, such as seismic air gun blasts, on hearing in these species. The species with the most sensitive hearing (lake chub and longnose sucker) are most likely to be affected by activities such as seismic air gun surveys.     

Changes in taxonomy and species distributions and their influence on estimates of faunal homogenization and differentiation in freshwater fishes

Aim To assess how changing taxonomy and distribution data affect estimates of faunal homogenization and differentiation as agents of global change in freshwater fishes. Location Provinces and territories of Canada. Methods Species presence–absence data were collated in 2000 and 2005 from regional and national lists, and faunal homogenization and differentiation were calculated using Jaccard’s faunal similarity index. Differences between time periods and areas were summarized using principal coordinate analysis. Differences in faunal assemblages between native and total faunas were assessed via Whittaker’s (1960) beta diversity (β_w) index and tests of differences in multivariate dispersion of fish species compositions. Results Among aquatic ecoregions in one province (British Columbia) there were four taxonomic changes and 18 distributional changes between the 2000 and 2005 databases. Pairwise Jaccard’s faunal similarity index between the eight aquatic ecoregions declined by an average of 4.8% from 35.9% in native faunas to 31.1% in total faunas (introductions – extinctions/extirpations) indicating overall faunal differentiation. Average pairwise similarity declined by 0.9% between 2000 and 2005. Across thirteen provinces and territories of Canada, there were five taxonomic changes and 61 distributional changes between the 2000 and 2005 databases. Generally, faunal homogenization increased; pairwise Jaccard’s increased by an average of 1.8% from 27.1% in native faunas to 28.9% in total faunas or an average of 0.6% per comparison. Main conclusions Despite changing taxonomy and fish distribution information, comparative analysis of 2000 and 2005 databases consistently show overall faunal differentiation at the smallest (provincial) spatial scale and homogenization at the largest scale (across Canada) and that these trends continued between time periods. Homogenization and differentiation followed expectations from conceptual models based on the relative prevalence of species invasions and extinctions within communities. General conclusions of the onset and extent of homogenization and differentiation were relatively insensitive to our changing understanding of taxonomy and distribution.     

赣江和抚河南方鳅鮀的遗传多样性及遗传结构

南方鳅鮀（Gobiobotia meridionalis）是我国特有的一种小型底栖鱼类。本研究利用线粒体Cyt b基因对赣江巴邱镇江段55尾、万安县江段7尾和抚河抚州市江段48尾共计110尾南方鳅鮀样本的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析。结果表明,2个水系110尾南方鳅鮀的Cyt b基因序列共检测出45个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.967 ± 0.006和0.007 1 ± 0.000 2,其中,抚州种群分别为0.911 ± 0.022和0.004 3 ± 0.000 2,巴邱种群分别为0.950 ± 0.015和0.003 7 ± 0.000 2,万安种群分别为0.810 ± 0.130和0.002 6 ± 0.000 5。群体遗传分化指数（Fst）表明,抚州种群与巴邱种群之间存在高度分化。分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果表明,赣江和抚河南方鳅鮀种群的遗传变异主要来自于种群内部（68.42%）。南方鳅鮀群体整体遗传多样性较高,且赣江巴邱种群和抚河抚州种群之间存在高度分化,建议以局部种群为管理单元,加强赣江和抚河流域南方鳅鮀的遗传多样性及资源保护。     

Changes to the scientific and common names of southern African freshwater fishes

Additions and changes to the scientific and common names of southern African freshwater fishes made since 1993, are recorded and explained. Nineteen new scientific names are listed including five new species, three genus-name changes, three species-name changes and four new records from the area. Recommended common names for nineteen species are listed.