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1.
调查了重庆地区若干野生大豆区域居群的8个形态性状,分析了区域居群的表型多样性。结果显示,数量性状有比较丰富的多样性;区域居群的形态多样性存在一定的地域性(地理相关性);数量性状变异系数大小顺序依次为:百粒重单株产量地上部分茎叶干重株高播种至开花天数;各形态多样性指数(香农指数)显示,东北部区域中部区域西部区域的趋势。通过聚类分析,样本数较多的5个区域居群分为3个地理组和1个特别居群组,显示重庆地区地理区域居群存在明显的西部、中部、东北部生态地理的分化,东北部是形态变异丰富的地区。  相似文献   

2.
调查了重庆地区若干野生大豆区域居群的8个形态性状,分析了区域居群的表型多样性。结果显示,数量性状有比较丰富的多样性;区域居群的形态多样性存在一定的地域性(地理相关性);数量性状变异系数大小顺序依次为:百粒重>单株产量>地上部分茎叶干重>株高>播种至开花天数;各形态多样性指数(香农指数)显示,东北部区域>中部区域>西部区域的趋势。通过聚类分析,样本数较多的5个区域居群分为3个地理组和1个特别居群组,显示重庆地区地理区域居群存在明显的西部、中部、东北部生态地理的分化,东北部是形态变异丰富的地区。  相似文献   

3.
北京地区野生大豆天然种群表型结构分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
调查了北京地区10个野生大豆种群的10个形态性状,结果显示:质量性状形态相对单一;种群内个体间的数量性状值相差很大,种群间数量性状的平均差异大小有一定的地理分布性,但各性状差异表现不尽相同.性状变异系数大小顺序依次为:叶片长×宽>单株产量>地上部茎叶干重>生长速率>株高>百粒重>播种至开花天数.数量性状的多样性指数高于质量性状的多样性指数.通过聚类分析,把北京地区10个种群分为4组.  相似文献   

4.
关于大豆野生种的研究,国内丁振麟(Ting,1946)曾对大豆种间杂种质量性状的遗传进行研究。王金陵等(Wang C.L.et al.,1980)对野生大豆的光照阶段特性做了分析。日本Nagai(1926),美国Williams(1948)研究过种间杂种质量性状的遗传,并在一个组合中发现50%花粉败育。Weber(1950)对种间杂种的百粒重、成熟期、蛋白质含量、含油量和油分碘阶等性状的研究结果指出,成熟期、蛋白质含量有超亲分离,这些数量  相似文献   

5.
野生大豆地理群体的性状变异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王克晶 《生物学通报》1991,(11):20-21,34
中国是栽培大豆(Glycine max)的故乡,其原始种野生大豆(Glycine·soja)在我国大陆有大面积分布。种子富含蛋白质,是世人所瞩目的野生高蛋白基因资源。分布范围大约北纬24°—53°N,东经98°—135°E。其白花变种(G·soja var. albiflora)广见于东北和华北两大遗传多样性中心。狭叶白花变型(G·soja f. angustifolia)主要见于东北;华北和南方少见。狭叶变型(G·soja f. lanceolata)北方分布较多。野生大豆种子极小,一般百粒重在3克以下。在天然野生群体中通常还存在一类G·soja向G·max进化的中间过渡型半野生种(G·gracilis),种子较大,百粒重一般达到3—7克。电泳测定,天然野生群体中的酶或蛋白质标记基因证明,野生大豆是较严格的自花授粉植物,天然异交率  相似文献   

6.
山西葛萝槭天然种群表型多样性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为揭示山西葛萝槭种群表型变异程度及变异规律,采用巢式方差分析、主成分分析、相关分析及聚类分析等方法,对天然分布的8个种群的叶片、果实、种子21个表型性状进行表型多样性分析。结果显示:(1)葛萝槭表型性状在种群间和种群内存在着极其丰富的变异。种群间平均表型分化系数(VST)为50.16%,与种群内变异(49.84%)相当;表型变异系数(CV)为19.16%,变化幅度7.89%~37.04%,种子性状较果实、叶片性状稳定;8个不同种群的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.692 3,表明葛萝槭种群具有较高的表型多样性。(2)相关性分析表明,葛萝槭表型性状受地理生态因子的影响,种群内表型变异呈梯度性变化,随着经、纬度的增加,叶形逐渐由长卵形向宽卵形变异;随着海拔的升高,果实、种子逐渐减小。(3)利用种群间欧式距离进行系统聚类分析,可以将8个葛萝槭种群分为两大支,表型性状主要依地理距离而聚类。研究表明,葛萝槭种内存在丰富的变异,这与其生物学特性及分布生境密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
介绍了我国野生大豆遗传资源主要的形态类型、物种内遗传关系和遗传结构。进化的瓶颈不仅发生在由野生大豆到栽培大豆,也以另一种方式"分化瓶颈"出现于同性状的不同表型类型之间。野生大豆种内种子大小类型是否存在遗传分化?野生和半野生大豆的边界在哪?半野生大豆如何产生的?半野生大豆遗传上密切于栽培种还是野生种?百粒重3~4g的小粒半野生大豆与百粒重8.5g以上的特大粒半野生大豆是否有遗传差异?百粒重8.5g以上的特大粒半野生大豆是否属于栽培大豆?野生大豆的种皮色和种子大小哪个更能反映进化程度?栽培大豆基因是否已经渗入到野生大豆?对这些在学术界常年存在的疑问本文介绍了我们的研究答案。我们认为"真"半野生大豆不存在于现在中国半野生资源收集品中;一些野生大豆中的白花、灰毛、无泥膜性状来源于栽培大豆的基因渗透。  相似文献   

8.
为阐明超甜玉米(Zea mays L.var.saccharata Bailey)亲本对F_1种子物质利用性状遗传效应,研究了19份自交系和其测配的10个杂交组合的杂种优势及亲子回归关系。结果表明,超甜玉米自交系及F_1种子的淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重、种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率差异较大,10个杂交组合中亲本和F_1种子的淀粉含量、脂肪含量、百粒重均存在显著差异。F_1种子淀粉含量和百粒重均表现出正向超亲优势,即近高亲本遗传;而F_1种子的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率为近低亲本遗传。聚类分析和杂种优势分析表明,性状差异较大的FH14、Q26、GT22、GT2等亲本测配的杂交组合在种子百粒重或种子物质利用率等性状上具有较强的超亲优势。回归分析表明,母本对F_1种子的淀粉含量、百粒重有负效应,对种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率有正效应;父本对种子淀粉含量有负效应,对种子物质利用率有正效应。  相似文献   

9.
甜荞品质与生态因子和农艺性状的相关性研究初报   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
试验研究了8个甜荞品种在全国19个不同地点的籽粒品质(黄酮和蛋白质含量)变化以及品质和产量与生态因子和农艺性状之间的相关性。结果表明:不同品种间及同一品种不同地点间甜荞籽粒黄酮、蛋白质含量均存在显著变异。黄酮含量与海拔、生育期平均温度,以及蛋白质含量与纬度,甜荞产量与株高、单株粒数、单株粒重均呈显著相关,相关系数分别为0.271*、0.588**、0.495**、0.270*、-0.330**、0.212*。通径分析显示,单株粒数是产量的主要因素,单株粒数多有助于提高产量; 生育期均温是黄酮含量的主要因素,荞麦生育期间均温适当偏低利于黄酮积累; 纬度是蛋白质含量的主要因素,选择纬度较高地区有助提高蛋白质含量。研究还发现不同品种对生态因子的敏感性不同。 关键词: 甜荞; 产量; 黄酮含量; 蛋白质含量; 相关分析; 生态因子; 农艺性状  相似文献   

10.
四川省珙桐天然种群叶表型多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨不同生境下珙桐(Davidia involucrata)种群的叶表型性状变异及其适应机制,以四川省珙桐分布区内15个天然种群的11个叶表型性状为研究对象,运用巢氏方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析等方法,对11个叶表型性状的变异规律进行分析。结果表明:11个表型性状在种群间和种群内都存在显著变异,变异较为丰富;种群间平均表型分化系数为37%,低于种群内(63%),种群内变异是珙桐变异的主要来源;种群间11个叶表型性状的变异系数(CV)的均值为16.22%,变异幅度为4.32%~29.10%,种群间离散系数(R')均值为53.21%,变化范围为39.3%~87.14%;对15个珙桐种群的11个叶表型指标进行相关分析发现,叶长、叶宽、脉左宽和叶柄长相互间存在极显著相关性(P0.01),表明部分叶表型性状之间存在相互协调作用;叶片大小、叶柄大小与纬度、海拔呈显著负相关(P0.05),说明随着纬度和海拔升高,珙桐叶片有变小、变薄的趋势;不同性状与不同种群间Shannon信息指数的均值分别为2.360和2.331,且分布较为均匀;利用欧氏距离对珙桐种群进行聚类分析,四川省珙桐种群可划分为3大类,其地理变异规律表现为不连续性。这些结果表明,珙桐种群间存在较为丰富的表型变异,与其自身遗传特点和生境条件相关,研究为今后野生珙桐资源的保护和利用提供了参考。  相似文献   

11.
大豆开花后光周期反应的研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
利用中国大豆主要生态区的生育期不同的代表品种研究了大豆(Glycine m ax (L.)Merr.)开花后对光照长度的反应. 结果表明,不同成熟期的大豆品种开花后普遍存在着对光照长度的反应.这种反应属于典型的光周期现象,而不是由温度的替代作用、光合时间的改变或前期短日后效应引起的.开花后光周期反应不仅存在于大豆的花荚期,而且存在于鼓粒期.研究认为∶大豆开花结实对光周期的需求是一个连续过程;光周期对大豆生育期的调控作用存在于出苗至成熟的全过程;光周期诱导开花和促进成熟的作用有一定的共同性;光周期诱导效果具有持效性和可逆性  相似文献   

12.
13.
Seed weight is one of the most important botanical and phylogenetic characteristics. The study objective was to understand whether there is genetic difference in different seed weights of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). A total of 563 wild soybean samples, which belonged separately to genebank germplasm accessions (220 samples), one regional population samples (293 plants) and one natural population (150 plants), were analyzed using microsatellite markers. Of four size classes, the smallest seed size type had the highest coefficient of variation in seed weight; small and large seed types had relatively great genetic differences. In the national genebank germplasm accessions, genetic diversity gradually decreased from quantitatively dominant small and middling seed types to less frequent large seed types. In the regional and natural populations, generally, small to middling seed sizes had higher genetic diversity than the smallest and larger seed sizes. Cluster analysis revealed genetic differences in seed size traits. The semi-wild type (Glycine gracilis Skvortzow) was the most genetically differentiated from other seed sizes. However, it was also clearly shown that the phylogenic genetic differentiation among seed sizes was less than the genetic differentiation among geographical habitat populations in the wild soybean species.  相似文献   

14.
The research objectives were to determine aspects of the population dynamics relevant to effective monitoring of gene flow in the soybean crop complex in Japan. Using 20 microsatellite primers, 616 individuals from 77 wild soybean (Glycine soja) populations were analysed. All samples were of small seed size (< 0.03 g), were directly collected in the field and came from all parts of Japan where wild soybeans grow, except Hokkaido. Japanese wild soybean showed significant reduction in observed heterozygosity, low outcrossing rate (mean 3.4%) and strong genetic differentiation among populations. However, the individual assignment test revealed evidence of rare long-distance seed dispersal (> 10 km) events among populations, and spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that populations within a radius of 100 km showed a close genetic relationship to one another. When analysis of graphical ordination was applied to compare the microsatellite variation of wild soybean with that of 53 widely grown Japanese varieties of cultivated soybean (Glycine max), the primary factor of genetic differentiation was based on differences between wild and cultivated soybeans and the secondary factor was geographical differentiation of wild soybean populations. Admixture analysis revealed that 6.8% of individuals appear to show introgression from cultivated soybeans. These results indicated that population genetic structure of Japanese wild soybean is (i) strongly affected by the founder effect due to seed dispersal and inbreeding strategy, (ii) generally well differentiated from cultivated soybean, but (iii) introgression from cultivated soybean occurs. The implications of the results for the release of transgenic soybeans where wild soybeans grow are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Geographic variation of protein and seed characters of wild emmer wheat,Triticum dicoccoides in Israel and the associations with ecological and allozyme markers were tested in an attempt to derive predictive optimal guidelines for conservation and utilization in breeding programmes. The study involved 46 genotypes of wild emmer from 5 populations in Israel, 2 central and 3 marginal. These populations were tested earlier for allozymic variation (Nevoet al., Theor. appl. Genet. 62: 241–254, 1982). The results indicate that protein percentage, kernel and protein weight (the product of the former two values), vary both within, but particularly between, populations. Notably, the 3 marginal populations exhibit high protein content but low kernel weight, hence low protein weight as compared with the 2 central populations which displayed lower protein percentage but high kernel weight, hence higher protein weight. Three-variable combinations of climatic factors explain R squared=0.70 of the variance in kernel weight and R squared=0.60 of the variance in protein weight. Likewise, 3-variable combinations of allozyme genotypes explained significantly the spatial variances in protein percentage, kernel and protein weight (R squared=0.60, 0.69 and 0.54, respectively). We conclude that natural populations of wild emmer in Israel contain large amounts of yet untapped genes for elite protein and high seed weight. These could be effectively screened and utilized for producing high quantity protein wheat cultivars by means of effectively following ecological and allozymic markers as predictive guidelines in screening natural populations of wild emmer wheat.  相似文献   

16.
Variability in floral, fruit, and seed characteristics, and oil content of 15 accession of Jatropha curcas during early development were assessed during two flowering periods in south Florida subtropical climate. The two flowering periods had leaf flushing in March. Field evaluation using 18 quantitative traits showed significant variation among accessions. The number of female flowers and female : male flower ratio ranged from 1 to 15 and 1 : 8.8 to 1 : 67.8, respectively. Fruit set by natural pollination was 89 and 66% during the first (1st) and second (2nd) flowering periods, respectively. A higher number of female‐type inflorescences were observed during summer. There were significant differences in seed traits, except for number of seeds per fruit. Accession TREC 31 had the highest individual seed dry weight and 100‐seed weight (0.83 g and 79.7 g, respectively). The oil content varied from 19.30% to 35.62%. Seed dry weight had positive correlation with seed fresh weight, seed length, seed thickness, seed width, and 100‐seed weight, but negative correlation with oil content. Based on the cluster analysis using 15 morphological traits, jatropha accessions were grouped into five main clusters and accessions from different geographic regions grouped together in a cluster. Principal component analyses (PCA) revealed morphological variation. The first three components explained 73.5% of the total variation and seed dry weight, 100‐seed weight, total flowers per inflorescence, male flowers per inflorescence and fruit set can be used to distinguish accessions. The PCA also indicated that flowering traits were more influenced by seed origin while seed traits were affected by flowering spans. Although evaluations were performed in plants during the juvenile phase, accessions TREC 31 and TREC 55 had superior averages for almost all characters evaluated. These results provide a preliminary assessment of the high variability in jatropha accessions evaluated and their potential for use in breeding and genetic improvement programs.  相似文献   

17.
Arabidopsis thaliana is commonly regarded as a self-pollinated plant. We observed that the stigma in each flower of A. thaliana cannot be pollinated by its own pollen in the early phases of the flowering process, when the anthers had dehisced but the filaments were still too short for the pollen to be deposited on the stigma. In the later stages, after elongation of the filaments, self-pollination can occur. After artificial pollination of the flower of a wild plant with GFP transgenic pollen grains in earlier stages of flowering, GFP expressed within epidermal cells was detected in some of the offspring (26.1-57.1 %). Wind-mediated pollen dispersal was poor but is likely to exist in natural habitats, while insects were observed visiting flowers of A. thaliana in natural and experimental populations. We constructed an experimental population consisting of 28 GFP transgenic plants and 240 wild plants and examined gene flow in the population. The result was that the distance of gene flow was limited to 0.5 m. 22 offspring with expressed GFP were found in 28,299 filial individuals examined, which suggested a relatively low outcrossing rate (0.74%). We conclude that outcrossing in populations of A. thaliana is mainly due to insect pollination. The data on gene flow could be useful to assess the ecological hazards of experimental transgene combinations.  相似文献   

18.
北京地区野生大豆种群SSR标记的遗传多样性评价   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
 使用40对SSR引物分析了北京地区野生大豆(Glycine soja)天然种群的遗传结构与遗传多样性。10个种群共检测到526个等位变异, 平均每对引物等位基因数为13.15个, 种群平均Shannon指数(I)为0.658, 群体平均位点预期杂合度(He)为0.369, 群体平均位点杂合度(Ho)为1.29 %。平均种群内遗传多样度(Hs)为0.362, 平均种群间遗传多样度(DST)为0.446, 基因分化程度(GST)为0.544。该研究显示, 中-西部生态区种群比北部和东部山区种群有较高的遗传多样性。在地理上, 环绕北京地区的太行山和燕山两大余脉区域野生大豆种群遗传分化表现出地理差异。可能是经过干旱选择而形成的有抗旱潜力的种群在遗传上表现单一化。期待该种群提供耐旱基因。  相似文献   

19.
Geographic variation in protein content of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, and the associations of protein content with ecological and allozyme markers were tested in an attempt to derive predictive guidelines for conservation and utilization in breeding programs. The study involved 195 genotypes of wild barley from 25 populations, 15 central and 10 marginal. These populations had been tested earlier for allozymic variation (Nevo & al. 1979 a, b). The results indicate that protein content varies both within, but particularly between populations. Notably, the 10 marginal populations exhibit high protein content but low kernel weight, as compared with the 15 central populations which displayed lower protein content but high kernel weight. Three variable combinations of climatic factors explain 40% of the variability in protein content among populations. Likewise, 3 variable combinations of allozyme allele frequencies explain a significant degree of spatial variance in protein content (R square = 0.63). — We conclude that natural populations of wild barley in Israel contain large amounts of yet untapped genes for protein content. These could be effectively screened and utilized for producing high protein cultivars of barley by following ecological and allozymic markers as predictive guidelines in screening natural populations of wild barley.  相似文献   

20.
中国野生大豆遗传资源搜集基本策略与方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
遗传资源搜集原则是通过种子采集追求样本具有最高程度的遗传多样性。为了合理而有效地搜集野生大豆资源,近年来通过野生大豆居群考察和遗传多样性分析,初步明确了野生大豆资源居群的遗传多样性分布动态:遗传多样性地理的和生态的区域性、生态系统内居群的遗传相关性及各种生境下居群遗传多样性差异,从理论上奠定了野生大豆资源合理有效搜集的依据。根据居群遗传多样性的分布规律,初步建立了居群野生大豆资源的搜集策略和方法。  相似文献   

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