染色体外DNA在酵母细胞衰老中的作用

细胞衰老的影响因素甚多,机制复杂。近年来已发现酵母染色体外ＤＮＡ在细胞衰老中具有重要作用,并认为细胞的衰老受控于一种特定的染色体外ＤＮＡ复制的次数,具有精确的时间控制机制［１、２］。１．染色体外ＤＮＡ与衰老的关系酵母染色体外存在大小不等的ｒＤＮＡ环,称为染色体外ｒＤＮＡ环（ｅｘｔｒａｃｈｒｏｍｏ－ｓｏｍａｌｒＤＮＡｃｉｒｃｌｅ,ＥＲＣ）。已发现衰老的酵母细胞中含有丰富的ＥＲＣ,而年轻酵母细胞中的ＥＲＣ则很少。芽殖酵母中含有人类Ｗｅｒｎｅｒ氏综合征（一种早老症）ＷＲＮ基因的同源序列——ＳＧＳ１基因…     

质粒DNA增强大鼠缺血骨骼肌肌浆网钙转运功能

在大鼠肢体缺轿模型上观察质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３对缺血骨骼肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）Ｃａ＾２＋转运的影响。结果显示,骨骼肌缺血时ＳＲＣａ＾２＋转运（Ｃａ＾２＋摄入与释放）较非缺血肌肉增强,而质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３与ＳＲ上ＤＮＡ结合蛋白结合之后,可进一步增强缺备骨骼肌ＳＲＣａ＾２＋摄入（Ｐ＜０．０１）及释放速率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示质粒ＤＮＡ对正常及缺血大鼠骨骼肌的ＳＲＣａ＾２＋转运能力均有影响,其临床病理生理意义值得进一     

小儿急性白血病细胞DNA、蛋白质含量及其临床意义

用流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）测定了４５例不同病期急性白血病患儿和１３例非白血病患儿骨髓细胞ＤＮＡ及蛋白质含量,结果显示：１．急性白血病患儿的ＤＮＡ非整倍体检出率为４１．２％,其中ＡＬＬ为３３．３％,ＡＮＬＬ为６０％;２．ＡＬＬ组和ＡＮＬＬ组的ＤＮＡ合成期细胞百分数（Ｓ％）显著低于非白血病组,而ＣＲ组与非白血病组之间的Ｓ％差异无显著性;３．ＡＮＬＬ组的ＰｒＩ显著高于ＡＬＬ组、非白血病组及ＣＲ组,ＡＬＬ的ＰｒＩ显著低于ＣＲ组和非白血病组,而非白血病组与ＣＲ组的ＰｒＩ差异无显著性。四组之间ＬＰＣ－Ｆ差异无显著性;４．在对１１例ＣＲ病人进行的连续观察过程中,５例病人检出ＤＮＡ非整信体,其中４例于检出ＤＮＡ非整倍体后３３～７４天复发。     

多聚TAR-CoreRNA诱饵对人免疫缺陷病毒1型Tat蛋白活性的抑制作用

为了抑制Ｔａｔ蛋白的反式激活作用,在细胞内大量表达外源ＴＡＲＲＮＡ使其与Ｔａｔ蛋白结合,从而竞争性抑制其与ＨＩＶ－１ＬＴＲ的ＴＡＲＲＮＡ元件结合．构建了以ＨＩＶ－１ＬＴＲＹＬ１５８（－１５８～＋１８０）为启动子,分别含有４,８和１５个拷贝的ＴＡＲ－ＣｏｒｅＲＮＡ诱饵（ｄｅｃｏｙ）表达质粒;以荧光酶基因为报告基因,检测了瞬时共转染体系中含不同拷贝数的ＴＡＲ－ＣｏｒｅＤＮＡ转录产物对Ｔａｔ蛋白反式激活作用的影响．结果证明,ＴＡＲ－ＣｏｒｅＲＮＡ诱饵对Ｔａｔ蛋白活性具有很强的抑制作用,其抑制程度与ＴＡＲ－ＣｏｒｅＤＮＡ串联体的拷贝数有关．     

博安霉素与DNA相互作用的分子机理研究

通过光谱分析,粘度测定及＾１ＨＮＭＲ研究证实,博安霉素（ＢｌｅｏｍｙｃｉｎＡ６,ＢＬＭＡ６）是通过双噻唑其嵌插入碱基对之间与ＤＮＡ结合,同时测定了ＢＬＭＡ６与ＤＮＡ的结合常数,结合位点数并与博霉素Ａ２（ＢＬＭＡ２）,Ａ５（ＢＬＭＡ５）进行了比较,证实了末端胺基对ＢＬＭＡ６与ＤＮＡ结合的贡献,琼脂糖凝胶电泳对ＢＬＭＡ６及其Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）,Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）络合物断裂ＤＮＡ的研究表明,在ＤＮＡ断裂中某种氧自由基的     

利用DDRT-PCR技术分析神经生长因子低亲和力受体诱导的细胞凋亡过程中基因表达的差异

转染了Ｐ７５ＮＧＦＲ的Ｒ２神经细胞系Ｒ２Ｌ１在去血清的培养时可以诱导细胞凋亡的发生．此凋亡可以被ＲＮＡ合成抑制剂放线菌素Ｄ和蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰胺所抑制．利用ＤＤＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术比较了去血清培养的发生凋亡的Ｒ２Ｌ１细胞与有血清培养的不发生凋亡的Ｒ２Ｌ１细胞以及去血清培养的不发生凋亡的Ｒ２Ｐ细胞基因表达的差异．克隆了数个特异或差异表达的短ｃＤＮＡ片段,经Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实其中两个片段ＬＩＡＲＥＳＴ－１和ＬＩＡＲＥＳＴ－２表达量在凋亡细胞中显著高于不发生凋亡的细胞中,ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ检索表明此二片段为新的ｃＤＮＡ序列并给予登录号Ｕ４７３１５和Ｕ４７３１６．另有一个ｃＤＮＡ片段ＬＩＡＲＣＤ－３在凋亡细胞中受到了明显的抑制,经检索为一已知的与前强啡肽原上游调控区结合的ＤＮＡ结合蛋白ｃＤＮＡ编码区的一部分,首次被证实它与Ｐ７５ＮＧＦＲ诱导的神经细胞凋亡调控关联     

孤生受体的相互作用对视黄酸应答元件的影响

孤生受体ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ和ｎｕｒ７７的功能及其作用机理仍未阐明．以ＤＮＡ瞬时转染和测定氯霉素乙酰转移酶（ＣＡＴ）活性,以及凝胶阻抑测定,分析ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ和ｎｕｒ７７的相互作用对视黄酸应答元件（ＲＡＲＥｓ）的影响．实验表明,ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ通过降低ＲＡＲＥｓ的基础活性,来增强ＲＡＲＥ对视黄酸（ＲＡ）的敏感性,而ｎｕｒ７７则拮抗ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ的作用．ｎｕｒ７７能够加强不同ＲＡＲＥｓ的转录活性,并且与ＲＡ的诱导无关．结果证实,ｎｕｒ７７通过与ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ的直接作用而对ＲＡＲＥｓ产生影响,从而抑制ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ与ＲＡＲＥｓ结合和ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ的转录活性     

常用实验用近交系小鼠粒体ＤＮＡ遗传变异的分析

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术,研究了分析了国内常用的实验用近交系小鼠线粒体ＤＮＡ（mtＤＮＡ）的品种间遗传变异。ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析发现,小鼠mtＤＮＡ的Ｄ－loop、tRNA^Met Glu Ile及ＮＤ３基因核酸序列,在４６个限制性内切酶酶切位点上均无差异;用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ分析方法对这些小鼠mtＤＮＡ的高变异区Ｄ－Loop的５′及3′端作进一步分析,亦未发现品种间遗传变异。结合mtＤＮＡ具有的母系遗传方式的特点,这一结果提示：常用的实验用近交系小鼠形成中可能只有１种雌性血统起了作用。     

血沉标本中人巨细胞病毒DNA的检出

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）和地高辛标记探针（ｄｉｇ－ｐｒｏｂｅ）检测临床血沉标本中人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ。结果表明,人群血标本中ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ携带率较高;ＰＣＲ技术较ｄｉｇ－ｐｒｏｂｅ更敏感、快速、简便,二者检出ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８３．３％和６０．３％;ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率、ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ检出率与血沉值高低之间无相关性。     

红树DNA的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法提取及其随机扩增多态DNA反应

采用ＣＴＡＢ法提取了耐盐植物红树ＤＮＡ,所得ＤＮＡ样品的紫外吸收Ａ２５８／Ａ２８０比值为１．８９,纯度能符合限制性内切酶酶切、ＰＣＲ反应以及ＤＮＡ重组克隆等分子生物学操作的要求．方法简便,容易掌握,较普通的酚－氯仿法有明显的优点．还探讨了以ＣＴＡＢ法制备的红树ＤＮＡ为模板进行ＲＡＰＤ反应参数的优化组合     

Anticancer activity of new imidazole derivative of 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane palladium and platinum complexes as DNA fluorescent probes

The aim of this study was synthesis of two new water-soluble fluorescent palladium and platinum complexes with formulas of [Pt(DACH)(FIP)](NO₃)₂ and [Pd(DACH)(FIP)](NO₃)₂, respectively, where FIP is 2-(furan-2-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline and DACH is 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane. Fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), thermal denaturation measurement, ionic strength, and kinetic study displayed groove binding of Pt complex on DNA, while due to binding of Pd complex, B form of DNA convert to Z form. Due to electrostatic interaction of Pd complex with DNA, the DNA form is converted and it provides enough space for Pd complex to insert between base stacking of DNA. UV–vis study shows two complexes could denature the DNA at low concentrations in exothermic process and Pt complex is more active than Pd complex. Finally, the anticancer and growth inhibitory activities of synthesized complexes were investigated against human colon cancer cell line HCT116 after incubation time of 24 h using MTT assay and higher activity was observed for the platinum complex. Interaction of the two metal derivative complexes was studied by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that Pt complexes have higher negative docking energy and higher tendency for interaction with DNA, and exert more structural change on DNA.     

The chirality selectivity in the uptake of platinum (II) complexes with 1,2-cyclohexanediamine isomers as carrier ligand by human erythrocytes

The uptake kinetics of cisplatin analogs of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine(dach) isomers with various leaving groups, by human erythrocytes in plasma isotonic buffer, were studied. The experimental results showed that the uptake rate constants (k values) decrease with the change of leaving group in the sequence: chloride (Cl) > squaric acid (SA) > oxalate (OX) > demethylcantharic acid (DA), with the same dach isomer as carrier group. It is noteworthy that for the platinum (II) complexes with the same leaving group, the k values always reduce as: 1R, 2R-dach > 1R, 2S-dach > 1S, 2S-dach. This result reflects the chirality selectivity. No differences in reactivity to protein thiols and effects on membrane permeability were found for the R,R-, R,S-, S,S-isomeric complexes. It is proposed that the chirality selectivity in uptake is due to the recognition of the chirality of the platinum complexes by the erythrocyte membrane. The interactions between the chiral platinum complexes and the head groups of the membrane phospholipid molecules are probably involved.     

Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative studies of the enantiomers of cis-[(1,2-camphordiamine)dichloro]platinum(II) complexes

The platinum(II) complex cis-[(1S,2R,3S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-diamine]dichloroplatinum(II) (1) and its enantiomer (2) have been synthesized and physically and spectroscopically characterized. To obtain the enantiopure complexes the chiral pool approach was applied. The synthetic pathway has four steps, starting from (+/-)-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEDA) (3) and the natural products (1S)-camphorquinone or (1R)-camphorquinone to obtain enantiomers 1 and 2, respectively. The interaction of the Pt(II) complexes with DNA was studied by several techniques: circular dichroism, electrophoresis on agarose gel and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These studies showed differences in the degree of interaction between both enantiomers and DNA (calf thymus DNA and plasmid pBR322 DNA). The cytotoxicity of enantiomers 1 and 2 against the HL-60 cell line was studied by in vitro tests of antiproliferative activity, incubating during both 24 h and 72 h. An important difference of activity was found between both enantiomers regarding the IC50 data at 24 h of incubation. Thus, complex 1 showed to be much more active than its enantiomer 2.     

Effect of lipophilicity of amylamine and amylglycine ligands on biological activity of new anticancer cisplatin analog

Investigation of side effects and solubility of anticancer drugs is a major challenge in chemotherapy science. Thus, design and synthesis of cisplatin analogs with higher lipophilicity as novel water-soluble anticancer drugs is valuable. In this work, two new Pt(II) complexes were synthesized with formula cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(amylgly)]NO₃ and cis-[Pt(amylamine)₂(amylgly)]NO₃, where gly is penthyl glycine as an amino acid. The new compounds were synthesized and extensively characterized using analytical techniques; spectroscopic methods, and conductivity measurement. The anticancer activity of synthesized complexes was investigated against colon cancer cell line HCT116 using MTT assay and results showed excellent anticancer activity with Cc₅₀ values of 36 and 270 M after 24-h incubation time for cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(amylgly)]NO₃ and cis-[Pt(NH₂-amyl)₂(amylgly)]NO₃, respectively; which is lower than that for cisplatin. These complexes were also interacted with highly polymerized calf thymus DNA and the binding mode of the complexes to CT-DNA was evaluated by fluorescence, circular dichroism, and UV spectroscopy. The calculation of binding and thermodynamic of Pt(II) complexes with CT-DNA can provide deeper insight into mechanism of the action of these types of complexes with nucleic acids. So, thermodynamic parameters were also determined according to isothermal titration. In comparison with cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(amylgly)]NO₃ in DNA interaction, the result show that cis-[Pt(NH₂-amyl)₂(amylgly)]NO₃ has higher affinity with binding constant K_f = 8.72 mM to CT-DNA. The results indicate that cis-[Pt(amylamine)₂(amylgly)]NO₃ with large and bulky aliphatic group bind to CT-DNA by different modes and covalent and groove bindings were preferred mode of interaction with DNA.     

Biophysical analysis of DNA modified by 1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) complexes.

Modification of DNA and double-stranded deoxyoligonucleotides with antitumour 1,2-diamino-cyclohexanedinitroplatinum(II) (Pt-dach) complexes was investigated with the aid of physico-chemical methods and chemical probes of nucleic acid conformation. The three Pt-dach complexes were used which differed in isomeric forms of the dach nonleaving ligand-Pt(1R,2R-dach), Pt(1S,2S-dach) and Pt(1R,2S-dach) complexes. The latter complex has lower antitumour activity than the other two Pt-dach complexes. Pt(1R,2S-dach) complex exhibits the slowest kinetics of its binding to DNA and of the conversion of monofunctional binding to bifunctional lesions. The anomalously slow electrophoretic mobility of multimers of the platinated and ligated oligomers suggests that bifunctional binding of Pt-dach complexes to a d(GG) site within double-stranded oligonucleotides induces bending of the oligomer. In addition, chemical probing of double-helical deoxyoligonucleotides modified by the Pt-dach complexes at the d(GG) sites reveals that Pt(1R,2S-dach) complex induces more extensive conformational changes in the oligomer than Pt(1R,2R-dach) and Pt(1S,2S-dach) complexes. It is proposed that different effects of the Pt-dach complexes on DNA observed in this work arise mainly from a steric crowding of the axially oriented cyclohexane ring in the DNA adduct of Pt(1R,2S-dach) complex.     

ESI–MS studies of the reactions of novel platinum(II) complexes containing <Emphasis Type="Italic">O,O</Emphasis>′-chelated acetylacetonate and sulfur ligands with selected model proteins

A group of mixed-ligand Pt(II) complexes bearing acetylacetonate and sulphur ligands were recently developed in the University of Lecce as a new class of prospective anticancer agents that manifested promising pharma-cological properties in preliminary in vitro and in vivo tests. Though modelled on the basis of cisplatin, these Pt(II) complexes turned out to exhibit a profoundly distinct mode of action as they were found to act mainly on non-genomic targets rather than on DNA. Accordingly, we have explored here their reactions with two representative model proteins through an established ESI–MS procedure with the aim to describe their general interaction mechanism with protein targets. A pronounced reactivity with the tested proteins was indeed documented; the nature of the resulting metallodrug-protein interactions could be characterised in depth in the various cases. Preferential binding to protein targets compared to DNA is supported by independent ICP-OES measurements. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

DNA damage induced by novel demethylcantharidin-integrated platinum anticancer complexes

Oxaliplatin is a third generation platinum (Pt) drug with a diaminocyclohexane (DACH) entity, which has recently obtained worldwide approval for the clinical treatment of colon cancer, and apparently operates by a different mechanism of action to the classical cisplatin or carboplatin. Introducing a novel dual mechanism of action is one approach in designing a new platinum-based anticancer agent, whereby an appropriate ligand, such as demethylcantharidin (DMC), is released from the parent compound to exert a cytotoxic effect, in addition to that of the DNA-alkylating function of the platinum moiety. To investigate the likelihood of a novel dual mechanism of anticancer action, demethylcantharidin-integrated Pt complexes: Pt(R,R-DACH)(DMC) with the same Pt-DACH moiety as oxaliplatin, and Pt(NH(3))(2)(DMC) akin to carboplatin; were studied for their ability to induce DNA damage in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells by an alkaline comet assay. The results showed that the DMC ligand released from the novel complexes caused additional DNA lesions when compared with oxaliplatin and carboplatin. The comet assay also revealed that the DNA-damaging behavior of cisplatin is characteristically different; and this study is the first to demonstrate the ability of DMC to induce DNA lesions, thus providing sufficient evidence to explain the superior antiproliferative effect of the novel DMC-integrated complexes.     

Reactions of PtII diamine anticancer complexes with trypanothione and octreotide

The products formed in reactions of the square-planar platinum(II) anticancer complexes, [Pt(en)Cl₂] and [Pt(R,R-dach)Cl₂] where en = ethylenediamine and dach = diaminocyclohexane, with trypanothione, a glutathione analogue found in some parasites, and octreotide, a synthetic analogue of the hormone somatostatin, have been investigated. Mononuclear and binuclear platinum adducts were formed in reactions of the cyclic disulfides in their oxidised and reduced forms, and were analysed by UV–visible spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). NMR and molecular modelling studies were carried out on the mononuclear adducts.     

Studies on the interaction of altromycin B and its platinum(II) and palladium(II) metal complexes with calf thymus DNA and nucleotides

The interaction of the anticancer antibiotic altromycin B and its isostructrural Pt(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes with native calf thymus (CT) DNA was studied using UV-thermal denaturation experiments, circular dichroism spectroscopy and temperature controlled spectrophotometric titrations. Altromycin B stabilizes the double helix by raising the T(m), mainly by intercalation of its chromophore between the base pairs and interacting electrostatically via its sugar moieties with the edges of the DNA helix. Moreover, altromycin B induces a B-->A structural transition of CT DNA. The effect on DNA stability and conformation depends on the metal ion. Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes induce the B-->A structural transition and stabilize the double helix similarly but they present lower final hyperchromicity due to premelting effects which were caused by intra- and interstrand crosslinking. Thus, a synergic effect of the metal ions to altromycin B-CT DNA interaction is observed in both cases. Altromycin B interacts with 5'-GMP, 5'-AMP and 5'-CMP by electrophilic attack of the opened epoxide ring to the N(7)G, N(1)/N(7)A and N(3)C. Thus, covalent binding between these nucleotides and altromycin B takes place and explain the multiple binding mode suggested by the studies of the interaction of altromycin B and its complexes with DNA. The [Pd(II)-altroB] complex dissociates in the presence of the nucleotides, and various species of Pd(II)-nucleotide complexes, especially with 5'-GMP, are formed. The [Pt(II)-altroB] complex dissociates too, but only one or two species of Pt(II)-nucleotide complexes are formed, and in the case of 5'-AMP interaction the formation of a tertiary altroB-Pt(II)-5'AMP complex is proposed. 5'-TMP reacts very weakly in comparison with the other three nucleotides. These interactions were followed by 1H-NMR.