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1.
借助自行设计的圆盘混合法和水槽独立法研究了日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)对食物的选择趋性以及光照强度对其摄食的影响。结果表明:日本三角涡虫对5种食物的趋食性由强至弱依次为鱼脾脏牛肝脏蚯蚓鸡肝脏熟蛋黄;400 lx以下的光照强度对涡虫摄食没有影响;当光照强度达到800 lx时,对涡虫摄食有明显影响,其中96.7%的涡虫停止摄食;当光照强度增加至1000 lx时,涡虫全部停止摄食。研究结果为淡水涡虫进化生物学和行为生态学的研究提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

2.
涡虫一般群居,常聚集在光线暗处不食不动。饥饿时才四处活动觅食。取食行为较复杂。如果觅食中的一条涡虫偶然靠近食物时,耳突边缘一旦触及食物,虫体的动作便会由缓慢变得迅速兴奋起来:两个耳突不停地上下煽动触摸食物,辨别食物是否可食,继而,其“头部”(身体前端)很快从食物上方爬过,身体后段发生较强烈的收缩,使咽从腹面的咽鞘中伸出并插入食物中吸食。此时,身体后半部大都覆盖在食物上,形似一座拱桥;前1/3部分则平趴在食物前方,行动迟缓,全神贯注。有  相似文献   

3.
涡虫是动物界最早出现两侧对称、三胚层、营自由爬行生活的动物类群,在动物系统演化中占有重要地位。涡虫再生和抗饥饿能力极强,在再生和饥饿的过程中,通过细胞增殖、分化、自噬、凋亡完成身体的重塑。涡虫作为一种体内研究自噬的新型模式生物,可以替代其他模式生物,克服了只能在特定时间或者特定器官开展工作的困扰,在体内实施动态检测。该文在重点介绍了涡虫与自噬相关的基因以及信号通路研究概况的同时,期望为自噬研究打开一个新视角。  相似文献   

4.
草甘膦、乙草胺对日本三角涡虫摄食与再生的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘昌利  席贻龙  黄林  王进 《应用生态学报》2008,19(11):2509-2514
研究了草甘膦和乙草胺对日本三角涡虫的急性毒性及其摄食与再生的影响.结果表明,草甘膦和乙草胺对日本三角涡虫的24和48 h LC50分别为41.78和12.22 mg·L-1、35.48和8.41 mg·L-1.≥6.20 mg·L-1的草甘膦和≥1.00 mg·L-1的乙草胺对涡虫的再生影响显著(P<0.05),且其影响均随处理时间的延长而逐渐减小;术后84 h,除1.40和2.00 mg·L-1乙草胺处理外,其余浓度乙草胺和各浓度草甘膦处理的涡虫均完成再生.表明乙草胺对日本三角涡虫的急性毒性及其摄食与再生的影响均大于草甘膦.表明日本三角涡虫可作为监测草甘膦和乙草胺污染的指示生物.  相似文献   

5.
稀有鮈鲫仔鱼的摄食和耐饥饿能力   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
研究了室养条件下稀有的鮈鲫的摄食和耐饥饿能力。结果表明,仔鱼一般在孵出后1.5d-2d开口摄食,此时卵黄囊容量约从初孵时的0.1降至0.03mm~3以下,在其后1-1.5d卵黄物质消耗殆尽;饥饿仔鱼的初次摄食率变化型式为:开始较低,然后迅速升高,约在卵黄吸尽时达到最高,最高初次摄食率为100%,保持在80%以上的时间为5d;持续饥饿或延迟开始摄食时间对仔鱼的生长、发育、存活有深刻的影响,饥饿仔鱼全长负生长及饥饿体征明显;初孵仔鱼持续饥饿8-10d达不可逆点(PNR),饥饿仔鱼在PNR前1.5d时存活率低于50%,在PNR后2d全部死亡。  相似文献   

6.
哲罗鱼仔鱼饥饿实验及不可逆生长点的确定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
在水温10-12℃条件下,研究了哲罗鱼Hucho taimen仔鱼饥饿对其生长、形态和行为的影响,确定其初次摄食饥饿不可逆点(PNR)和最佳初次摄食时间.结果表明:饥饿状况下哲罗鱼仔鱼全长基本维持恒定,但肥满度不断降低,在第24日龄后体重出现负增长,其卵黄囊吸收与生长变化密切相关;饥饿后的仔鱼身体发黑、头大身瘦、后脑部下陷;集群性、初次摄食力与饥饿时间呈负相关;25日龄出现自残现象,30日龄自残率达到最大值14.5%.哲罗鱼仔鱼初次摄食时间在21日龄,当29日龄摄食率达到最高值100%,PNR期为39-40日龄;初次摄食仔鱼最佳投喂时间在25日龄,也就是仔鱼上浮后第4天.  相似文献   

7.
饥饿对日本沼虾摄食节律的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文研究了不同饥饿时间对开本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense摄食节律的影响.结果表明,饥饿后恢复投饵初始日本沼虾表现出强烈的摄食,摄食节律为单峰型,随着时间的延长,多峰型摄食节律出现.饥饿4 d的日本沼虾在饥饿过程中并未出现饥饿死亡现象,恢复投喂后在较短时间内(5 d)即可恢复正常的摄食节律.饥饿8 d组在饥饿的第6~8 d便可明显观察到虾体色异常并有部分死亡,说明饥饿8 d已经影响到了日本沼虾的存活.饥饿8 d组日本沼虾摄食高峰的变化无明显规律,恢复到正常摄食节律需要较长时间.  相似文献   

8.
饥饿对唐鱼仔鱼摄食和生长的影响   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
用初次摄食率测定法测定饥饿胁迫下唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)仔鱼耐饥饿能力,观察了饥饿对仔鱼摄食、生长和形态发育的影响。结果表明,水温24.0~28.5℃条件下仔鱼在孵化后第2.5~3d开口摄食,初次摄食率为33.3%,最高初次摄食率为100%并持续4d;混合营养期约2d;第5d卵黄耗尽,并达到最高摄食强度;第8.5d进入不可逆点(PNR),PNR有效积温为222.7d.℃,第10d死亡率超过50%,12d全部死亡。饥饿对仔鱼发育起延迟作用,混合营养期延迟投喂,仔鱼生长发育水平明显低于正常投喂仔鱼,饥饿仔鱼发育停滞且在PNR前后负增长并出现胸角。本文讨论了仔鱼耐饥饿能力与生境、生活史策略的关系。  相似文献   

9.
饥饿与重摄食对河蟹肠道菌群结构的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究采用16S rRNA测序研究饥饿以及重摄食的河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肠道菌群结构变化, 结果显示, 在饥饿胁迫下, 河蟹肠道细菌群落Alpha多样性指数下降, 重摄食后仍未改变肠道菌群多样性指数下降的趋势, 但与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05); 而在菌门组成方面, 随着饥饿时间的增加, 4个优势菌门占比呈现了相应的变化, 变形菌门、厚壁菌门以及拟杆菌门占比逐渐增加, 软壁菌门占比逐渐下降, 但在重摄食后, 4个优势菌门恢复至对照组水平; 而通过对比不同状态下差异菌群, 在科属水平下筛选出8个具有显著差异(P< 0.05)的菌群, 其中Candidatus Bacilloplasma菌属因具有较高的菌群丰度, 且对饥饿以及重摄食响应较为显著, 其菌群的特定功能值得进一步深究。研究首次报道了饥饿状态以及重摄食后河蟹肠道菌群的变化, 对于后续探究菌群的特定功能提供基础数据。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究摄食和饥饿对鱼类游泳运动能力和低氧耐受的影响; 以大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)为对象, 在25℃下, 测定对照组(禁食2d)、摄食组(摄食后3h)和饥饿组(禁食16d)实验鱼的日常代谢率(RMR)、活跃代谢率(AMR)、代谢范围(MS)、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、临界氧压(Pcrit)和失去平衡点(LOE)。研究显示摄食后实验鱼RMR显著提升, AMR没有显著变化, 而MS和Ucrit显著下降(P<0.05); 饥饿后实验鱼RMR、AMR和MS均没有显著变化, 而Ucrit显著下降(P<0.05); 摄食后实验鱼Pcrit显著上升, 溶解氧(DO)高于Pcrit时的代谢率(MR)与DO之间的关系的斜率显著大于对照组所对应的斜率, 而LOE没有变化(P<0.05); 饥饿后实验鱼Pcrit和LOE均没有显著变化, 而DO 低于Pcrit时的MR与DO之间的关系的斜率显著小于对照组所对应的斜率(P<0.05)。结果表明, 摄食削弱大口黑鲈游泳运动能力是因为“心鳃”系统对其有氧代谢能力的限制; 饥饿后大口黑鲈游泳运动能力下降可能与其无氧代谢能力下降相关; 摄食削弱大口黑鲈的低氧耐受, 而饥饿后其低氧耐受有所增强, 但大口黑鲈低氧耐受总体趋于保守。  相似文献   

11.
于2005年3-5月、9~11月对生活于鲁中山区的东亚三角头涡虫(Dugesia japonica)的有性生殖过程进行了研究,发现鲁中山区东亚三角头涡虫1年只有1次有性生殖过程。卵囊产出的高峰在4月,卵囊孵化与种群密度最高峰在5月,其有性生殖过程与温度、食物、虫体大小密切相关。经实验观察1个卵囊最多能孵出涡虫幼体10条,最少3条。  相似文献   

12.
Dugesia polychroa, D. lugubris and Planaria torva preyed upon snails of differing morphologies and while the Dugesia spp. fed approximately in proportion to snail abundance, PL torva was more selective on Potamopyrgus jenkinsi. The incidence of feeding on four snail taxa by the Dugesia spp. was significantly correlated and differed strikingly from that of PI. torva where feeding was related to its annual life cycle. Large peaks of feeding coincided in the Dugesia spp. for the four snail types; this was attributed to snail vulnerability being increased by environmental disturbance. Comparison of feeding by Dugesia spp. in the presence and absence of PI. torva indicated that severe competition was occurring for food with PI. torva having a food refuge in P. jenkinsi. The distribution of PI. torva in Britain is largely confined to productive habitats in the Glasgow-Edinburgh and East Anglia regions. It is concluded that historical rather than ecological events have played the major part in its distribution to date. The strong association of PL torva with port areas and the canal system suggests that it is a recent introduction via the timber trade with Fennoscania.  相似文献   

13.
食物条件对日本蟳幼体存活与变态的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
This paper studied the effects of different kind and density of baits and different starvation duration on Charybdis japonica larvae. The results showed that the preferable baits of zoaea-1 were Chaetoceros sp. and Isochysisgalbana, and their proper feeding density were 20 × 10^4 cell· ml^-1. The preferable bait of the larvae after zoaea-1 was Artemia salina nauplius, and its proper feeding density for zoaea-2 and zoaea-3 was 2 - 3 ind· ml^-1. The point of no-return for zoaea-1 of Charybdisjapoptica was about 66 hours. 18 hours starvation did not affect the growth of the larvae, but their livability would be decreased, and their metamorphism would be suspended along with the starvation duration.  相似文献   

14.
杨云鹤  张海剑  石洁  刘树森  郭宁 《昆虫学报》2019,62(9):1065-1071
【目的】调查显示,二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone在田间的虫口密度与玉米被害率之间无明显的相关性,田间虫口密度并不能准确预测玉米苗被害率。为了探索二点委夜蛾幼虫发生量与玉米苗被害程度之间的关系,解释田间调查遇到的幼虫即使有时大量发生玉米苗却受损轻微的现象,本研究室内检测了外部环境条件如温度和湿度对二点委夜蛾幼虫取食为害玉米的影响以及昆虫自身的相关取食习性。【方法】将3龄末、4龄初二点委夜蛾幼虫分别置于下述8种温湿度和食物组合条件下进行处理:低温低湿无食物(15℃, 30%RH, 饥饿)、低温干燥无食物(15℃, 0%RH, 饥饿)、低温低湿有食物[15℃, 30%RH, 饲喂人工饲料(AD)]、低温干燥有食物(15℃, 0%RH, AD)、高温高湿有食物(36℃, 90%RH, AD)、高温干燥有食物(36℃, 0%RH, AD)、高温高湿无食物(36℃, 90%RH, 饥饿)、高温干燥无食物(36℃, 0%RH, 饥饿);处理4 h后,评价其对盆栽玉米苗的为害程度,并测定幼虫在4个不同温度(15℃, 24℃, 28℃和33℃)下对玉米叶片的取食量。分别用8种食物(马齿苋、紫苏、甘薯、白菜、大豆、南瓜和玉米叶叶片以及麦秸)将初孵幼虫驯化饲喂至3龄后,检测经过驯化处理后的幼虫对初始驯化食物、麦秸和和玉米叶片的选择性。【结果】在干燥条件下,无论是否经过饥饿处理,幼虫对玉米苗的为害程度均较高,尤其是高温干燥处理后,对玉米苗的平均为害级别达3.1级;低温干燥处理组和高温干燥处理组为害级别在4级以上(含4级)的幼苗数分别占幼苗总数的50%和40%。在15-33℃,二点委夜蛾幼虫的取食量随温度的升高而逐渐增加,48 h校正取食量分别为12.8, 31.8, 38.0和60.0 mg。用甘薯、白菜、大豆和南瓜叶片驯化的幼虫对初始驯化食物的选择率显著高于对玉米和麦秸的选择率;初始取食紫苏叶片的幼虫对紫苏和麦秸的选择率显著高于对玉米的选择性,初始取食玉米叶片、麦秸的幼虫分别对玉米、麦秸的选择性更高。【结论】干燥是二点委夜蛾幼虫增加对玉米摄入量的一个主要因素;二点委夜蛾适应短时高、低温的能力较强,在一定的温度范围(15-33℃),短时间内的取食量随温度升高而增加。作为干燥的一个辅助因素,温度通过影响二点委夜蛾幼虫的取食量而决定其为害玉米苗的程度;二点委夜蛾倾向于选择初孵幼虫最先接触的食物;二点委夜蛾在玉米苗上的发生为害在很大程度上取决于其自身食性。  相似文献   

15.
Ma C  Wang X  Yu S  Chai G  Su H  Zheng L  Wu W 《遗传学报》2010,37(9):621-635
Freshwater planaria has tremendous capacity to reform the missing part of the body and therefore is considered as one of the most important model organism for regeneration study.At present,Schmidtea mediterranea and Dugesia japonica are the two major species utilized for laboratory manipulations.Dugesia japonica flatworms are widely distributed in the Far East including Cherry Valley region in the north-west area of Beijing,China.We reported here the establishment of an asexual Dugesia japonica strain Pek-1,as a suitable system for regeneration study.Using morphological,karyotypical as well as phyiogenetic analyses,we confirmed that these flatworms indeed belonged to Dugesia japonica.We went on to show that the commonly used in situ probes and immunohistochemistry reagents and protocols were applicable to the Pek-1 strain.Using this strain,we carried out small scale analysis on EST,RNAi and gene expression.We identified 193 unique EST sequences and 65 of them had not been reported in planarian.By RNAi analysis,we showed that 48 genes,when down-regulated individually,had no effect on regeneration.Furthermore,we identified 3 groups of tissue specific expressing genes that were useful for cell lineage analysis.We concluded that the Dugesia japonica Pek-1 swain could be another suitable animal model to regeneration research.  相似文献   

16.
On the origin of neoblasts in freshwater planarians (Turbellaria)   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
Experiments on 1) regeneration of the cave-adapted planarian, Sphalloplana zeschi, 2) induction of sexuality in an asexual strain of Dugesia japonica japonica by feeding, and 3) culture of dissociated planarian cells, show that neoblasts originate from intestinal cells, i.e. phagocytic cells and granular clubs.  相似文献   

17.
Experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of rearing temperature and food concentration (20 and 30 °C, 1×105 and 2×105 cells ml−1) on the starvation threshold and nucleic acid content of the larvae of Balanus amphitrite. The larvae were also field-reared using micro-enclosures. Laboratory-reared larvae were larger in size than the field-reared larvae. An increase in size, DNA content and instar index of the starved II instar larvae was observed indicating that the absence of food may not be fatal to this early instar. The temperature at which larvae were raised and the food concentration had variable influence on the capacity to withstand starvation. Exposure to increased temperatures during starvation eliminated the effect of doubling food concentration during their feeding period prior to starvation. The larvae reared at 20 °C had comparatively lower nucleic acid content. The laboratory-reared larvae had ca. 1.7 times greater RNA:DNA ratio than larvae raised at comparable temperature in the field.  相似文献   

18.
为探讨哲罗鱼稚鱼的最佳投喂策略,设置了饥饿再投喂试验、饥饿再投喂恢复试验以及日投喂频率试验.结果表明: 饥饿再投喂试验中,各饥饿组未表现出补偿生长现象.但在饥饿再投喂恢复试验中,各饥饿组表现出不同程度的补偿生长,其中S1/2组(饥饿1/2 d投喂1/2 d)体质量的增加量与对照组接近,表现出完全补偿生长.表明在哲罗鱼早期稚鱼阶段(体质量0~2 g,水温9~15.3 ℃),S1/2是可以考虑使用的投喂方法.日投喂频率试验中,T3组(日投喂3次)体长、体质量的增加量以及特定生长率均最高,饵料转化率也相对较高.表明在哲罗鱼后期稚鱼阶段(体质量2~21 g,水温8.8~15.5 ℃),以日投喂3次为宜.  相似文献   

19.
以含有东亚三角涡虫DjPreb基因的pcDNA3-DjPreb重组质粒为模板,经PCR扩增目的片段,将其克隆到干扰载体L4440上,构建重组质粒L4440-DjPreb后转化入大肠杆菌HT115感受态细胞中,IPTG诱导表达dsRNA后喂食涡虫.显微观察喂食dsRNA后的涡虫在再生过程中的表型变化,Real-time PCR检测载体对涡虫DjPreb基因的表达抑制效果.试验结果显示DjPreb基因的RNA干扰表达载体构建成功,DjPreb基因RNA干扰后涡虫不能正常再生.Real-time PCR分析饲喂RNA干扰食物后DjPrcb mRNA的表达显著下降,进一步说明DjPreb在涡虫头尾的形成中发挥作用.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of starvation on the feeding rate of larval Chaoborus(Diptera. Chaoboridae) was investigated using Daphnia roseaas prey. The starvation period varied from 12 h to 22 days.The starved Chaoborus were individually incubated with 10 Daphniaunder controlled light and temperature conditions. Observationswere made on prey mortality every 2 h for the first 12 h andonce after 24 h. Feeding rates gradually increased to a maximumbetween 7–11 days of starvation. After this period, feedingrates declined to previous low levels. Generally, feeding rateswere significantly higher during the first 2–4 h of feeding.Thereafter, feeding rates were lower and exhibited no consistentpattems with length of feeding time.  相似文献   

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