南京迈皋桥社区人群甲状腺功能减退症的流行研究

目的:研究南京迈皋桥社区人群甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)的流行特征。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法按全国城市人口普查的年龄构成在南京迈皋桥地区抽取≥20岁,5年之内不会动迁的常驻社区居民。采集空腹血清1540份,测定促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺游氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4),甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)。结果:(1)南京迈皋桥地区社区人群的临床甲减和亚临床甲减的患病率分别为0.45%,3.96%。(2)男性亚临床甲减的患病率低于女性(P<0.01),临床甲减患病率男女之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)男性不同年龄段间临床甲减和亚临床甲减的患病率均无差异(P>0.05)。女性临床甲减的患病率有随年龄增加而升高的趋势(P=0.02),50岁以上女性亚临床甲减患病率显著增高(P<0.01)。结论:与临床甲减相比,南京社区人群的亚临床甲减患病率显著升高,应加强对其随访和早期防治。     

南京社区人群甲状腺功能亢进症的患病率调查

目的：调查南京社区人群甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）的患病率。方法：随机抽取南京某社区的常驻居民1 540 例，分别测定该 人群的空腹血清三碘甲状腺游氨酸（FT3）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）的水平。结果：（1）南京社区人群临床甲亢 和亚临床甲亢的患病率分别为1.23%，1.62%。人群中临床甲亢知晓率15.8%。（2）临床甲亢、亚临床甲亢的患病率男女之间比较无 显著性差异（P>0.05）。（3）不论男女，临床甲亢和亚临床甲亢的患病率在不同年龄组间均无差异（P>0.05）。结论：南京社区人群甲 亢患病率较高，人群知晓率低，应注意早期诊治。     

青岛地区妊娠前半期妇女甲状腺功能减退症的筛查

目的:了解青岛地区妊娠前半期(即妊娠≤ 20周)妇女甲状腺功能减退症的患病率.方法:选取338例妊娠前半期妇女和非妊娠妇女94例,检测血清TSH、FT4、TPOAb水平,以妊娠特异性甲状腺功能指标参考范围和非妊娠妇女甲状腺功能参考范围作为评价标准,筛查妊娠前半期妇女的甲状腺功能减退症的患病率.结果:采用妊娠期特异性甲状腺功能正常参考范围诊断妊娠8周临床甲减的患病率为1.71％;妊娠8周、12周、16周、20周亚临床甲减的患病率分别为4.00％、3.17％、2.27％、3.57％;低T4血症的患病率分别为6.29％、4.76％、2.27％、10.71％.采用非妊娠女性甲状腺功能正常参考范围作为评价标准,妊娠8周临床甲减的漏诊率为1.14％;妊娠8周、12周、16周、20周亚临床甲减的漏诊率分别为2.29％、1.59％、2.27％、3.57％;低T4血症在妊娠8周、12周的漏诊率为4.00％、3.17％,在妊娠16周、20周的误诊率为22.73％、33.93％.妊娠8周亚临床甲减组TPOAb阳性率明显高于甲状腺功能正常组,TPOAb阳性组亚临床甲减的患病率明显高于TPOAb阴性组.结论:采用妊娠期特异性甲状腺功能评价指标的正常参考范围为标准,能够降低妊娠前半期妇女亚临床甲减的漏诊率和低T4血症的误诊率.TPOAb阳性是亚临床甲减发生的主要危险因素之一.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症26例妊娠结局分析

目的：对妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症进行分析,探讨其对母儿的影响,及孕期筛查甲状腺功能有无意义。方法：对我院26例妊娠合并甲减的临床资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果：26例妊娠合并甲减病例中有1例早产（孕33周）,其余25例患者维持至足月妊娠,其中剖宫产17例（65.38%）,合并妊娠期高血压疾病5例（19.23%）,妊娠期糖尿病3例（11.53%）,羊水胎粪污染3例（11.54%）,新生儿无先天性甲减。经过治疗后甲状腺功能减退孕妇的剖宫产率,糖尿病发生率、高血压疾病发生率、羊水粪染的发生率较对照组增加;但两组妊娠结局差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症孕妇多种妊娠并发症的发病率高于正常孕妇,应加强对妊娠甲减的早期筛查及治疗,可有效降低不良妊娠结局,减少先天性甲低的出生。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退与动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的:探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退与动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法:选择2010年3月至2012年3月我院收治的46例亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者为亚临床甲减组,另选取46例甲状腺功能正常的同期门诊老年体检者为对照组,分析亚临床甲状腺功能减退与动脉粥样硬化的相关性.结果:亚临床甲减组患者的甘油三酯(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平和颈动脉粥样斑块的发生率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与TC、LDL-C及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平独立相关;FT3、FT4与血脂水平均存在不同程度的负相关,TSH与血脂水平均存在不同程度的正相关(P＜0.05).结论:亚临床甲状腺功能减退时动脉粥样硬化的发生可能与脂代谢异常有关.     

新疆地区少数民族与汉族甲状腺疾病患者的临床特征比较

目的：比较新疆地区少数民族与汉族甲状腺疾病的患病情况和临床类型特点。方法：选择本院2009 年1月至2011 年12 月收治的312 例被确诊为甲状腺疾病的患者,统计分析其临床资料如民族、年龄、性别、病程间的分布。结果：新疆地区少数民族和汉族8 种常见甲状腺疾病如甲状腺瘤、甲亢、单纯性甲状腺肿、亚急性甲状腺炎、桥本氏病、毒性甲亢、甲减和结节性甲状腺肿的发病率比较均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。少数民族和汉族男性和女性间常见甲状腺疾病的发病率比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但少数民族男女性患者和汉族男女性间常见甲状腺疾病的发病率比较的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。少数民族与汉族甲状腺功能减退症患者的发病年龄、病程以及居住地分布均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：新疆地区各少数民族几种常见甲状腺疾病发病情况与汉族比较无显著性差异。     

妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能的筛查情况及相关影响因素分析

摘要 目的：了解妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能的筛查情况及相关影响因素。方法：以2016年1月~2017年1月在我院接受产前检查的400例孕妇为研究对象,其中早期妊娠78例、中期妊娠146例、晚期妊娠176例,同期健康体检合格妇女120例为对照组。比较妊娠妇女和对照组促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离T3（FT3）及游离T4（FT4）水平,并分析妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常者妊娠不良结局发生情况,并分析妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常的影响因素。结果：400例孕妇中,亚临床甲减62例、临床甲减5例、亚临床甲亢16例、临床甲亢2例,甲状腺疾病合计85例。孕早期TSH低于孕中期及孕晚期,FT3浓度高于孕中期及孕晚期,FT4浓度高于孕中期及孕晚期,孕中期及孕晚期TSH水平高于对照组,孕中期及孕晚期FT3、FT4浓度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同年龄、流产次数、碘摄入量、吸烟组妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常率差异比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析,年龄≥30岁、流产次数≥2次、碘摄入量≥150 μg/d为妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常发生的独立危险因素。妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常组妊娠不良结局合计率高于妊娠合并甲状腺功能正常组（P<0.05）。结论：加强对妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能的筛查和高危因素的管理能够预防不良妊娠结局,达到优生优育。     

妊娠糖尿病合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者补充维生素D的临床效果分析

目的：分析维生素D水平对血糖和甲状腺功能的影响,探讨补充维生素D对妊娠糖尿病合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者的临床治疗效果。方法：选取2018年10月—2020年10月在本院就诊的妊娠糖尿病合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者（孕24~28周）142例,采用连续随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组71例。对照组给予常规医学治疗,观察组在常规医学治疗的基础上补充维生素D,治疗周期均为2个月。治疗前后分别检测两组患者的空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离甲状腺激素（FT4）、25-羟基维生素D（25-OH-D）及血钙（Ca2+）,计算两组患者不良妊娠结局发生率,并作比较。结果：25-OH-D不同水平组FBG、HbA1c、TSH、血清Ca2+相比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。25-OH-D水平与FPG、HbA1c、TSH水平呈负相关,与Ca2+水平呈正相关;不同水平组FT4相比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗前,两组患者血糖、甲状腺、维生素D、血清Ca2+各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组患者血糖水平较治疗前相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,且观察组FPG、餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c降低程度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;治疗后,两组患者TSH水平较治疗前降低,FT4水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。观察组TSH降低程度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。FT4升高程度与观察组相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组患者25-羟基维生素D（25-OH-D）、血钙（Ca2+）水平较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且观察组25-羟基维生素D（25-OH-D）、血钙（Ca2+）升高程度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组早产、巨大儿和产后出血发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;高胆红素血症和新生儿窒息发生率相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者不良妊娠结局总发生率相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：维生素D对血糖和甲状腺功能有一定程度的影响,补充维生素D可提高妊娠糖尿病合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者临床治疗效果,降低不良妊娠结局的发生风险。     

孕早期亚临床甲状腺功能减退与流产发生的相关性

目的:探讨孕早期亚临床甲状腺功能减退与流产发生的相关性。方法:2017年2月至2019年选择在本院进行建档的孕早期孕妇120例,检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)含量,判断亚甲减发生情况。调查所有孕妇的流产等妊娠结局情况并分析相关性。结果:在120例孕妇中,发生亚甲减18例(亚甲减组),发生率为15.0%。亚甲减组的年龄、孕周、孕次、产次、心率、收缩压、舒张压等指标与非亚甲减组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚甲减组的血清TSH含量高于非亚甲减组,FT3值低于非亚甲减组(P<0.05),两组FT4值对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚甲减组的流产发生率为38.9%,显著高于非亚甲减组的2.9%(P<0.05)。亚甲减组的早产、前置胎盘、胎膜早破、产后出血、巨大儿、低体重儿、新生儿窒息等发生率也显著高于非亚甲减组(P<0.05)。在120例孕妇中,Pearson相关分析法显示流产与亚甲减、血清TSH、FT3值都存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论:孕早期亚甲减在临床上比较常见,可导致流产发生率增加,也可增加妊娠不良结局的发生几率,亚甲减与流产存在正向相关性。     

弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿患者血清高半胱氨酸蛋白61及Fractalkine水平的表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿（GD）患者血清高半胱氨酸蛋白61（CYR61）、Fractalkine水平的表达及其临床意义。方法：选取2018年3月～2021年10月河北省邯郸市中心医院收治的57例GD患者作为研究组。另取同期健康体检者50例。采集所有受试者的静脉血,检测血清CYR61、Fractalkine水平,甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身抗体相关指标。采用Pearson检验分析GD患者血清CYR61、Fractalkine水平与甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身抗体相关指标的相关性。结果：研究组血清CYR61、Fractalkine水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。研究组血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离四碘甲腺原氨酸（FT4）均高于对照组,而促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。研究组抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）及促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析发现,GD患者血清CYR61、Fractalkine水平与FT3、FT4、TGAb、TPOAb、TRAb水平均呈正相关,而与血清TSH水平呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。结论：GD患者血清CYR61、Fractalkine水平异常高表达,且与患者甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身抗体有关。     

亚临床甲亢和甲减发病的实验室调查

目的　探讨本地区亚临床甲状腺疾病的发病情况。　方法　随机抽样 2 550例健康体检者作甲状腺功能检测 ,以促甲状腺素 ( TSH)水平异常的检出率来判断亚临床甲状腺疾病的发病率。　结果　亚临床甲亢的检出率为5.4 5% ,亚临床甲减的检出率为 6 .98% ;两种疾病 T3、T4、FT3、 FT4 和 TSH的均数比较具有非常显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 1)。　结论　本地区具有亚临床甲状腺疾病的发病现象 ,亚临床甲减的发病率比亚临床甲亢稍高     

The Iodine Status and Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders Among Women of Childbearing Age in China: National Cross-sectional Study

ObjectiveMandatory universal salt iodization in China was implemented 20 years ago. However, the current iodine status and prevalence of thyroid disorders among childbearing-age women are unknown.MethodsA nationally representative cross-sectional study with 26 166 enrolled participants aged 18 to 49 years from all 31 provincial regions of mainland China was performed. The participants were given a questionnaire and underwent B-mode ultrasonography of the thyroid. The serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies and the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were measured.ResultsThe median UIC was 178.7 μg/L, indicative of adequate iodine status. pHowever, 19.04% and 19.87% of the participants were classified as having iodine deficiency and excessive iodine, respectively. The weighted prevalence of thyroid disorders was as follows: 1.08% had overt hyperthyroidism, 0.58% had subclinical hyperthyroidism, 0.76% had Graves disease, 1.28% had overt hypothyroidism, 14.28% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 13.53% were positive for thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and 14.55% were positive for thyroglobulin antibodies. Excessive iodine and overweight were associated with higher odds of subclinical hypothyroidism. A family history of thyroid disorders and an age between 40 and 49 years were significantly associated with higher odds of positivity for thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies.ConclusionIodine deficiency, excessive iodine, subclinical hypothyroidism, and positivity for thyroid autoantibodies remain prevalent among women of childbearing age in China. Women of childbearing age who are relatively older, are overweight, or have a family history of thyroid disorders are encouraged to undergo active screening of their UIC and thyroid function when planning a pregnancy.     

甲亢甲低患者肝纤维化指标检测的临床意义分析

目的：探讨甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）、甲状腺功能减低（甲低）与肝纤维化指标的关系及其可能的机制。方法：采用放射免疫分析法（R1A）检测57例甲亢患者、43例甲低患者、39例甲亢治疗后甲状腺激素正常者和50例健康成人的血清Ⅳ型胶原（1V-C）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH、TGA、TMA含量。结果：甲亢患者组血清中1V-C、PCⅢ含量比正常对照组及甲低患者组显著性增高（P〈0.05）;治疗后甲状腺激素下降,1V-C、PCⅢ含量也随之下降（与治疗前比较P〈0.01）;HA、LN在四组中无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,在甲亢治疗前后无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。各项肝纤维化指标与TGA、TMA的阳性率无关。结论：甲亢患者可有不同程度的肝功能损害,血清中甲状腺激素水平增高时,1V-C、PCⅢ水平也增高,在用1V-C、PCⅢ判断肝纤维化时应注意有无甲状腺疾病特别是甲亢。未发现HA、LN含量与甲状腺激素水平的关系。     

Thyroid dysfunction in adult long-term survivors after hemapoeitic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT).

Thyroid function was evaluated in 72 adult survivors (41 females and 31 males) at 16 to 56 years of age, 1.5 years mean time (range 0.2 - 9.8) after hemapoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with no known prior history of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin levels (FT4) were determined before and after stimulation with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Conditioning regimens for HSCT did not include TBI. Overt hypothyroidism (basal TSH > 8 microIU/ml, FT4 < 0.8 ng/dl) was observed in 6% of male patients and 5% of female patients; subclinical hypothyroidism (basal TSH 4 - 8 microIU/ml, low normal FT4 0.8 - 1.9 ng/dl) was observed in 13% of males and 5% of females. A significant number of euthyroid patients (40% males and 54% females) with normal basal TSH and FT4 levels overresponded to TRH stimulation; the finding being statistically significant (p < 0.005). A heavy TSH response after TRH stimulation indicates compensated subclinical dysfunction of the thyroid gland. Chemotherapy-only conditioning regimens may have an adverse effect on thyroid gland function not always detected by determination of basal TSH and FT4 levels. This finding warrants long-term evaluation of thyroid function in HSCT patients.     

Waist Circumference and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction in a Large Cohort of Chinese Men and Women

Objective: The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and waist circumference (WC) is still controversial, especially from the perspective of sex differences. We aimed to explore the impact of sex on this relationship in a large Chinese cohort.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 13,505 healthy participants (8,346 males, 5,159 females) who were enrolled in a health check program. Clinical data were collected. The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and WC of both sexes was analyzed separately after dividing WC into quartiles. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by binary logistic regression models, and linear regression analysis was also performed.Results: The prevalence rates of subclinical hyper-and hypothyroidism were significantly lower in males. Binary logistic regression models showed that WC in females with subclinical hypothyroidism had a detrimental effect with an OR of 1.011, but the effect disappeared when we included other covariates. The other ORs indicated no significant effects. The weak negative relationship between WC and thyrotropin was also indicated by linear regression analyses with very low R² values.Conclusion: The current research did not show WC as a risk factor for subclinical thyroid dysfunction in either sex. Regional and ancestral origin differences may account for the variations with other studies.Abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; FT4 = free thyroxine; TG = triglycerides; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; UA = uric acid; WC = waist circumference     

The Association Between Body Mass Index and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction in Different Sexes of Chinese

Objective: To study subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD)—subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism—in Chinese patients in relation to body mass index (BMI) and to determine whether a difference between sexes exists.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 13,503 healthy participants (8,345 male, 5,158 female) who participated in a health examination. Clinical data, including anthropometric measurements and serum parameters, were collected. The association between SCTD and the BMI of each sex was analyzed separately by stratifying the data by SCTD type and regarding BMI as a categorical or as a continuous variable in different models. The odds ratio of SCTD was calculated from binary logistic regression models.Results: The prevalence of both subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly lower in males compared to females. For subclinical hypothyroidism, we found no significant association with BMI in females. In males, there was a significant negative relationship between BMI and subclinical hypothyroidism. For subclinical hyperthyroidism, we did not find any significant relationship with BMI in either sex after stratifying the data and treating BMI as a categorical or as a continuous variable.Conclusion: For subclinical hyperthyroidism, no significant effect was found in either sex. For subclinical hypothyroidism, high BMI was associated with lower rates of subclinical hypothyroidism in males, and no significant correlation was found in females. The mechanism of this sex-specific association between BMI and SCTD needs more verification.Abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CI = confidence interval; Cr = creatinine; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FG = fasting glucose; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; FT4 = free thyroxine; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; OR = odds ratio; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SCTD = subclinical thyroid dysfunction; TBIL = total bilirubin; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglyceride; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; UA = uric acid; WBC = white blood cell; WC = waist circumference