动物离心机中大鼠行为状态无线视频采集装置的研制

目的:研制一种在正加速度作用下能实时观测大鼠行为状态的实验视频采集装置,为研究正加速度导致脑损伤的病理生理机制和防治措施提供新的方法。方法:依据正加速度对大鼠体位的要求和离心机特殊的环境,通过特制的大鼠座舱和无线视频采集单元来实现对动物离心机中正加速度作用下大鼠行为状态的实时观测;固定大鼠的座舱主要由胸部固定圈、身长调节圈、头部运动限制框构成;无线视频采集单元由2.4 G无线摄像头、无线信号接收器、信号放大器、计算机以及视频采集软件组成。结果:座舱特殊的大鼠固定方式,既满足了正加速度对体位的要求,又不影响对大鼠行为状态的观测,2.4 G无线视频采集技术保证视频信号在离心机高速旋转环境下的实时传输和观测,视频画面清晰流畅,并且能保存视频供回放分析。结论:动物离心机无线视频采集装置可用于正加速度作用下大鼠行为状态的实时观测与研究。     

正加速度应激致心脑损伤的动物实验研究综述

正加速度（ positive acceleration ,＋Gz）作用下机体的心脑功能防护是航空航天医学领域重点关注的课题。＋Gz作用致机体心脑等重要生命脏器损伤的特点和机制有待深入研究。本文就国内外有关＋Gz作用致实验动物心脑损伤及其机制的研究文献进行综述。     

动物实验替代方法与21世纪毒性测试发展策略

随着新化学物质日益增多以及“3R”原则的广泛实施,传统的毒性测试面临着严峻挑战.毒性测试的发展正经历着一个关键时期,即从耗时、耗费的传统整体动物试验转向快速高通量的、含定量参数分析和机制研究的体外替代试验.实验动物替代方法不仅是出于遵行“3R”原则的考虑,也是毒理学学科发展以及社会经济发展的需要与科学要求.实验动物替代方法的发展与应用已成为21世纪毒性测试的重要方向,获得越来越广泛的支持和管理认可,具有广阔的发展前景和十分重要的应用价值.     

Current Status and Future Strategies for Development of Transgenic Plants in China

In this review,the author summarized the current status,challenges,and strategies in China in the development oftransgenic plants and its commercialization,Based on sets of successful examples and data achieved from execution ofthe National Special Project for Transgenic Plant Research and Commercialization in the last five years,the priorities andkey directions were put forward for the future development of transgenic plants in China.     

Involvement of Glutamate Neurotransmission in the Development of Excessive Wheel Running in Lewis Rats

Physical activities such as long-distance running can form a habit and might be related to drug-induced addictive behaviors. We investigated possible modulations of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits during voluntary wheel running in brain regions implicated in reward and addiction. It was observed that Lewis rats progressively increased their amount of daily running, reaching maximum levels of 4–6 km/day. After 3 weeks of running, mRNA levels coding for NR2A and NR2B subunits were increased in the ventral tegmental area, while only NR2A mRNA levels were found to be elevated in the frontal cortex. Long-term wheel running was also associated with increased binding of specific NMDA receptor antagonist [³H]CGP39653 in the frontal cortex. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glutamate release by repeated administration of phenytoin (20 mg/kg IP for 21 days) significantly suppressed daily running. These results suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission might be related to neurobiological mechanisms underlying the compulsive character of voluntary wheel running.     

PCR技术在检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌中的应用研究

目的　建立实验大小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测方法———PCR法。方法　根据已公布的金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶nuc基因的序列 ,设计并合成一对特异性的引物 ,利用PCR技术扩增nuc基因片段。对金黄色葡萄球菌和其他非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株抽提的DNA进行扩增。结果　金黄色葡萄球菌PCR产物出现 6 6 8bp的特异性DNA扩增片段 ,而其他非金黄色葡萄球菌未出现扩增片段 ,证实了合成的引物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性。将抽提的金黄色葡萄球菌DNA进行系列稀释 ,测定此PCR体系的敏感性 ,结果显示 ,该PCR体系能检出 3pg金黄色葡萄球菌DNA ,且从抽提DNA到PCR扩增及电泳结束仅需 4h。结论　本研究所建立的扩增耐热核酸酶nuc基因检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的PCR方法 ,具有快速、可靠、敏感和特异的特点 ,可用于临床样品和金黄色葡萄球菌感染时的检测 ,适合应用于实验大小鼠的监测。     

广东省养蛇业的现状与发展策略的研究

目的探讨广东省蛇类养殖业的现状与发展的策略方法在全省范围内按各市县养殖场逐个进行实地考查,调查蛇类养殖场的分布、规模、面积、养殖技术和投资金额以及蛇的种类、数量、来源和贸易情况,分析蛇类养殖存在的问题和经营利用的可能性。并以表格的形式搜集各养蛇场的基础资料、近年来的养殖情况及意见和建议。结果3个养殖最成功的蛇场饲养的主要蛇种类有眼镜蛇、眼镜王蛇、滑鼠蛇、乌梢蛇,目前已基本上解决了蛇类养殖的难题,掌握了蛇类冬眠和管理等关键技术,蛇类存栏量都达到10万条以上,存栏的个体都在第三代以上;养殖成本明显下降,经济效益可观。结论眼镜蛇、眼镜王蛇、滑鼠蛇、乌梢蛇是人工养殖成功的种类,提出发展我国蛇类产业的具体措施和策略,为蛇类养殖产业化、规模化和集约化提出合理化的建议。     

Effect of Dietary Linoleate/alpha-Linolenate Balance on the Brain Lipid Composition,Reproductive Outcome and Behavior of Rats during Their Prenatal and Postnatal Development

The effect of the dietary linoleate (LA)/alpha-linolenate (LNA) balance during development on the brain lipid composition, reproductive outcome and behavior of rats was studied. Female rats were fed on experimental diets during pregnancy and the resulting pups for 16 weeks. The dietary LA/LNA ratios were 1.07 (LA1), 2.64 (LA2), 4.45 (LA3), 7.68 (LA4) and 10.35 (LA5). The relative content of docosahexaenoate (DHA) in the brain of pups tended to increase with decreasing LA/LNA ratio at 0 and 3 weeks, while the level of DHA was maintained constant at 16 weeks regardless of the dietary LA/LNA ratio. The learning ability was measured at 12 weeks of age, and there was no difference among the groups. In an open field test, the exploratory index was significantly lower in the LA1 group than in the LA2 group. The LA1 group had a smaller litter size and lower survival rate than the other groups. We conclude that if the diet contained appropriate amounts and balance of LA and LNA, it was possible for rats to synthesize an appropriate amount of DHA and have normal behavioral activity without DHA supplementation.     

Alterations in the Development of Rat Cerebellum and Impaired Behavior of Juvenile Rats after Neonatal 6-OHDA Treatment

The effects of neonatal systemic administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on cerebellum development and behavior were studied in juvenile rats. The methods employed were immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, ligand binding, and behavioral testing. The results revealed, for the first time, that 6-OHDA treatment alters Bergmann glial cells and reduced the expression GABA_A receptor subtypes α1 and α6 especially in granule cells. The Bergmann glial cells were abnormally located and structurally different (e.g., no intimate associations with Purkinje cells). Significant microglial activation was also observed. The animals showed impairment in behavior, especially in their orientation to a novel environment. Recent data on neuron–glia interactions support the conclusion that the observed structural changes in Bergmann glia and granular neurons disrupted the normal functioning of the Purkinje cells which then in turn resulted in the impaired sensory-motor coordination at least in juvenile rats. This paper is a summary of previously published work and some recent data in this field obtained at our laboratory. Special issue dedicated to Dr. Simo S. Oja     

导管体外端保护装置在大鼠长期腰蛛网膜下腔置管模型中的应用

目的设计一种大鼠长期腰蛛网膜下腔置管模型中微导管体外端的保护装置,并证明其有效性。方法 24只清洁级SD大鼠分为对照组（n=12）和应用装置组（n=12）,术前1 d和术后第1、3、7天行转棒和热水甩尾试验,检查置入装置对大鼠运动及感觉神经功能影响情况。计数术后大鼠导管保留情况,利多卡因试验证实导管性能。结果本次试验两组大鼠术后均无死亡及明显瘫痪情况;术前及术后1,3,7 d转棒实验及热水甩尾实验均未见两组明显差异（P〉0.05,独立样本T检验,）;对照组体外导管末端在术后几天内被损毁或拔出无法进行进一步实验,术后第7天应用装置组所有导管末端仍保持完整,利多卡因实验显示导管功能良好（P〉0.05,χ2检验）。结论该装置可有效保护置入大鼠腰蛛网膜下腔导管的体外端,非常适用于需要长期反复腰蛛网膜下腔注射的研究。