单链抗体的研究进展

单链抗体即单链抗体可变区片段(single-chain antibody variable fragment,or ScFv)是由抗体重链可变区和轻链可变区通过一段10-25个氨基酸的连接肽连接而成,其分子质量小,穿透力强,特异性好,免疫原性低,在免疫学和医学方面得到了广泛应用。本文就单链抗体的结构设计、展示系统、表达和应用方面做一综述。     

单链抗体的研究进展

单链抗体（ＳｃＦｖ）是抗原与抗体结合的最小单位,是由连接肽将抗体重链可变区（ＶＨ）与轻链可变区（ＶＬ）连接而成的单链抗体可变区片段,本文从单链抗体的结构、特性、构建、表达方式,用途及研究进展等方面进行了介绍。     

抗人大肠癌重组单链抗体的研制

应用重组噬菌体抗体系统制备了重组单链抗体。首先从抗人结肠癌ND-1单抗杂交瘤细胞中提取mRNA,利用反转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增出单抗重链可变区(V_H)及轻链可变区(V_L)片段,再通过连接DNA合成单链抗体可变区片段(ScFv),然后经双酶切后克隆到pCANTAB5E载体中,在E.coliTGI细胞中表达出噬菌体融合蛋白,用抗原阳性噬菌体感染E.coliHB2151细胞,产生单链抗体,该单链抗体既保持了原单抗的特异性,应用上又优于原单抗。     

Genex公司宣布一种新的抗体设计

Genex公司(盖瑟斯堡,马里兰州)已提出关于设计和生产一些新的单链抗体的专利申请,这些抗体是该公司利用其专有的遗传操作技术研制成的。Genex公司认为,一旦被广泛获得,这些单链抗体能革新用于诊断、治疗、传感装置和分离技术的一些抗体的用途。这些单链抗体是通过将轻链可变区的特定区域和重链可变区的特定区域与一些短肽衔接物连接后构成的杂种分子。通过用计算机分析,Genex公司的科学家们设计出了这些肽衔接     

鼠源抗HFRSV衣壳蛋白McAbF3株单链抗体基因克隆构建及表达

为了获得原抗ＨＦＲＳＶ衣壳蛋白ＭｃＡｂＦ３＾１株轻链可变区基因,由连接肽体外连接获得单链抗体基因,在大肠杆菌中表达,从鼠源抗ＨＦＲＳＶ衣壳蛋白ＭｃＡｂＦ３株细胞中分离总ＲＮＡ,以ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）１８为引物逆转录成ｃＤＮＡ,通过ＰＣＲ扩增出抗体的轻链（ＶＬ）和重链可变区（Ｖ１１）基因,由连接本外连接获得单链抗体（ＳｅＦｖ）基因。将此单链抗体（ＳｅＦｖ）基因插入原核表达载体ＰＥＴ２８ａ,经大肠杆菌（     

天然兔源噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与鉴定

目的:构建天然兔源噬菌体单链抗体库。方法:采用RT-PCR法从未免疫的兔子脾脏中克隆得到抗体重链可变区(VH)与轻链可变区(VL)基因,重叠PCR将VH和VL拼接成scFv片段,将scFv连接到噬菌粒pComb3XSS上,电转入XL1-Blue菌中,得到单链抗体库,并用此抗体库筛选抗肌酸激酶抗体。结果:构建了容量为4×108,基因重组率95%的单链抗体库,DNA指纹图谱显示抗体库多样性良好。以肌酸激酶为抗原,从该库中筛到3株抗肌酸激酶的抗体。结论:分析表明构建的天然兔源单链抗体库质量良好,可用于快速筛选、制备多种单链抗体。     

大肠杆菌表达的单链抗体柱复性的研究

单链抗体(single chain Fv,ScFv)是由抗体重链可变区V_H和轻链可变区V_L通过一段连接肽连接而成的重组蛋白。由于其分子量小,穿透力强,免疫原性低,利于基因工程操作等优点,而具有良好的应用前景。ScFv可在大肠杆菌以包含体形式高效表达,其纯化和复性是大量制备ScFv的重要环节,我们对包含体表达的抗乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)ScFv的纯化     

一种核糖体展示单链抗体文库的构建与鉴定

用柑桔溃疡病致病菌Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri（Xac）全菌免疫小鼠,提取小鼠脾细胞mRNA,RT-PCR扩增小鼠抗体重链可变区（VH）和轻链可变区（VL）,采用linker (Gly4Ser)3连接VH和VL,构建用于核糖体展示方法筛选阳性单链抗体（scFvs）的文库。通过将scFv文库DNA转化大肠杆菌JM109,随机挑取克隆子测序以分析单链抗体文库的多样性。结果显示,用柑桔溃疡病菌免疫后的小鼠抗血清效价为2500倍左右,扩增的VH大小为350bp左右,VL的大小为650bp左右,linker连接后的单链抗体文库DNA大小为1200bp左右。测序结果显示,单链抗体文库多样性好。以Xac为靶,筛选到了抗Xac的特异性抗体,说明该抗体库可用于柑桔溃疡病菌单链抗体的筛选。     

抗CEA单链抗体与链亲和素融合基因的表达

克隆分泌CEA杂交瘤细胞重链可变区（V_H）和轻链可变区（V_L）,以Linker连接V_H及V_L构建抗CEA单链抗体.同时以Spacer连接单链抗体和链亲和素,构建成功单链抗体和链亲和素融合基因,克隆该融合基因至原核表达载体,pET21a(+),经IPTG诱导表达出该双特异性融合蛋白.活性鉴定表明该融合蛋白具有结合CEA及生物素的双特异性.该融合蛋白在生物领域中有较广阔的应用前景.     

EGFR ScFv的构建及生物信息学分析

EGFR单克隆抗体重链可变区(VH)和轻链全长(L)经连接肽连接而成的单链抗体(L-L-VH)进行生物信息学的分析。预测其的蛋白结构及特征。通过分析,从而在功能与结构方面获得有价值的信息,为设计EGFR ScFv的抗肿瘤药物的下一步研究方案的制定提供依据。     

柑桔溃疡病菌重组单链抗体的高效表达及活性检测

运用PCR方法扩增利用核糖体展示技术筛选的抗柑桔溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri,XAC)的单链抗体(ScFv95)基因片段,将单链抗体基因重组到原核表达载体pET30a( )中,构建单链抗体高效表达载体pET30a( )-XAC-ScFv。再将pET30a( )-XAC-ScFv质粒转化进大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导表达,并对表达产物进行纯化、复性及活性检测。获得了抗XAC单链抗体的高效表达蛋白,以包涵体形式存在的表达蛋白大小约32kDa。包涵体蛋白经过变性、纯化和复性后,初步获得有功能的单链抗体。同时用Biacore分析XAC-ScFv-95与XAC LPS作用,结果表明复性后的XAC-ScFv-95具有较高的亲和力,从而为柑桔溃疡病菌XAC的免疫诊断和防治研究提供了新的工具和途径。     

Single-chain antibody against human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase: Construction, expression, purification, and activity assay

An active form of single-chain antibody (ScFv) from murine monoclonal antibody 4A7, which is specific for lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), was produced in Escherichia coli. The complementary DNA fragments encoding the variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL), which amplified from hybridoma 4A7 producing a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) against L-PGDS, were connected by a (Gly4Ser)3 linker using an assembly polymerase chain reaction. The resultant ScFv were cloned into the vector pGEM and expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies. The expressed ScFv fusion proteins were purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid chromatography. The purity and activity of purified ScFv were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. The result revealed that 4A7 ScFv conserved the same characteristics of specific recognition and binding to sperm as the parental 4A7 monoclonal antibody.     

抗HBsAg人源单链可变区抗体的筛选与可溶性抗体的表达

采用噬菌体表面展示技术,以从乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性血清超速离心纯化的HBsAg为固相抗原,从噬菌体单链可变区半合成抗体库中经过5轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”筛选过程,获得特异性较强的HBsAg人源单链可变区抗体(ScFv)克隆并提取质粒,经SfiⅠ/NotⅠ酶切鉴定后,亚克隆到pCANTAB5E表达载体中,转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue。经IPTG诱导后,表达的可溶性HBsAg特异性ScFv以50%硫酸胺沉淀,经SDS-PAGE电泳表明,XL1-Blue中表达的HBsAg可溶性ScFv的分子量约28?kD。免疫活性检测结果表明,该单链抗体具有较强的抗原结合活性和特异性。HBsAg人源单链抗体的筛选和表达成功,为今后HBsAg人源抗体的研究和应用奠定了基础。     

抗A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素单链抗体基因的克隆、表达及其生物学活性(英文)

应用RT PCR技术 ,从分泌具有中和活性的抗A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素单克隆抗体 (McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株 1A8中 ,分别扩增出抗体VH 和VL 基因 ,用linker (Gly4Ser) 3 基因 ,将VH 和VL 基因连接成单链抗体 (ScFv)基因 ,并将其克隆至pGEM T载体中 .经核苷酸序列分析证实 ,VH 和VL 基因及linker基因拼接正确 ,ScFv 1A8基因全长为 72 6bp ,编码2 4 2个氨基酸 ,VH 和VL 基因符合功能性重排的鼠抗体可变区基因特征 ,分别属于鼠免疫球蛋白重链Ⅱ (A)和轻链κⅣ家簇 .将ScFv 1A8基因克隆至表达载体pHOG2 1中 ,构建了重组质粒pHOG 1A8,然后转化至受体菌XL1 BLUE中 ,得到重组菌株XL1 BLUE (pHOG 1A8) .ELISA检测和SDS PAGE分析表明 :经IPTG诱导后所表达的目的蛋白存在于重组菌株XL1 BLUE (pHOG 1A8)的胞周质中 .经薄层扫描分析 :重组菌株XL1 BLUE(pHOG 1A8)的蛋白表达产物占菌体可溶性蛋白的 1 2 % ,其相对分子量约为 31kD .ScFv的生物学活性研究表明 ,ScFv蛋白不但具有中和磷脂酶C的活性 ,而且还能够对致死性腹腔攻击的小鼠产生良好的被动保护作用     

A universal antibody-derived targeting agent

We report bacterial expression of a single-chain antibody (ScFv) reactive against the haptens 4-hydroxy-3 nitrophenylacetic acid (NP) and 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetic acid (NIP) that is suitable for targeting to mammalian cells in vitro in a novel two-step targeting strategy. Hapten-derivatized primary antibodies of known specificity, bound to target cells, can capture the ScFv. Specificity resides in the interaction of the primary targeting antibody with the target and the interaction of the ScFv for NP/NIP, since the ScFv does not bind cells and nonderivatized antibodies bound at cells cannot capture the ScFv. The ScFv described here can therefore be considered as a universal agent for delivery of drugs, toxins, or radionuclides to any cell type for which a previously characterized antibody exists.     

基因工程双特异抗体研究进展

双特异抗体特别是双特异性单链抗体、亮氨酸接链双特异性抗体、双特异性单链抗体毒素等是近几年来发展起来的很有前途的监床诊疗生物制剂 ,本文对其基因构建、边接肽设计、表达产物及活性等方面的新进展作了重点论述。     

Virtual mutation and directional evolution of anti-amoxicillin ScFv antibody for immunoassay of penicillins in milk

In this study, an anti-amoxicillin single chain variable fragment (ScFv) antibody was evolved by directional mutagenesis of a contact amino acid residue based on the analysis of virtual mutation. Comparison with its parental ScFv, the mutant showed highly improved affinity for 11 penicillins with up to 6-folds increased sensitivity. Then, its recognition mechanisms for the 11 drugs were studied by using molecular docking. Results showed that the mutant-penicillins intermolecular forces increased and the total binding energies decreased dramatically, which were responsible for the improvement of antibody sensitivity. The ScFv mutant was used to develop an indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for determination of the 11 drugs in milk. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.2–3.0 ng/mL, the crossreactivities were in the range of 31%–132%, and the recoveries from standards fortified blank milk were in the range of 65.7%–92.4%. This is the first study reporting the directional evolution of a ScFv antibody based on virtual mutation and the use of ScFv antibody for determination of penicillins in foods of animal origin.     

Expression of single-chain Fv gene specific for gamma-seminoprotein by RTS and its biological activity identification

Fabricating a single-chain variable fragment specific for human seminoprotein is very important in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy and NMR imaging for prostate cancer. Here a single-chain Fv specific for gamma-seminoprotein was expressed by RTS. Its activity and the efficiency of entry into prostate cancer cells are investigated by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining, as well as entry of conjugated magnetic beads into cells. Results showed that ScFv peptides specific for gamma-seminoprotein were successfully prepared, which can bind with the prostate cells specifically and can bring magnetic beads into prostate cancer cells within 15 min, the amount of magnetic beads inside prostate cancer cells increased as the culture time prolonged. ScFv-conjugated magnetic beads did not enter into control cells. In conclusion, the ScFv peptide against human gamma-seminoprotein with biological activity was successfully fabricated, which can take magnetic beads to prostate cancer cells specifically and not to the control cells. This ScFv peptide against human gamma-seminoprotein should be useful in improving the detection and therapy of prostate cancer at early stages and NMR imaging.     

Construction of a single-chain variable-fragment antibody against the superantigen Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most prevalent causes of food-borne illness throughout the world. SFP is caused by 21 different types of staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Among these, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is the most potent toxin and is a listed biological warfare (BW) agent. Therefore, development of immunological reagents for detection of SEB is of the utmost importance. High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies are being used for detection of SEB, but hybridoma clones tend to lose their antibody-secreting ability over time. This problem can be overcome by the use of recombinant antibodies produced in a bacterial system. In the present investigation, genes from a hybridoma clone encoding monoclonal antibody against SEB were immortalized using antibody phage display technology. A murine phage display library containing single-chain variable-fragment (ScFv) antibody genes was constructed in a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector. Phage particles displaying ScFv were rescued by reinfection of helper phage followed by four rounds of biopanning for selection of SEB binding ScFv antibody fragments by using phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble SEB-ScFv antibodies were characterized from one of the clones showing high affinity for SEB. The anti-SEB ScFv antibody was highly specific, and its affinity constant was 3.16 nM as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These results demonstrate that the recombinant antibody constructed by immortalizing the antibody genes from a hybridoma clone is useful for immunodetection of SEB.