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1.
量子点表面经生物分子或药物分子修饰而具有生物功能.功能化量子点具有独特的光学性质和生物相容性,在生物医学光学诊断和治疗领域具有广泛的应用.本文简要介绍了功能化量子点制备及修饰方法,综合评述了量子点在肿瘤活体诊断和治疗中的应用,包括活体淋巴结成像、血管动态成像、肿瘤成像和抗肿瘤药物示踪等,讨论了功能化量子点在肿瘤活体诊断和治疗中的应用前景以及面临的挑战.  相似文献   

2.
纳米技术在生物医学的进展使其在肿瘤的诊治中应用日益广泛。荧光纳米粒子中的量子点(Quantum Dots),具备光学成像特性在肿瘤中应用中显示出独特的优势。其作为一种荧光半导体纳米粒子,具有荧光强度高、稳定性强、激发波谱宽、发射波谱窄等光学特性。同时,它可以结合其他功能基团,包括靶向模式、治疗因素和成像探针,为临床肿瘤诊断和治疗提供了新的潜力。本文就量子点的类型和特点及量子点的肿瘤体外和体内成像进行综述。  相似文献   

3.
目前临床普遍采用功能与分子影像检测手段能来评价头颈部肿瘤的放射治疗计划和疗效,可指导个体化治疗从而提高疗效。文章概述了功能与分子影像技术CT,MRI,PET-CT,超声检测技术在头颈部肿瘤放射治疗计划制定和疗效评价中的应用进展。结果显示,不同分子影像检测方法如在检查时机的选择、诊断和鉴别诊断的价值、观察放射治疗后肿瘤的残存和复发、预测放射治疗效果、指导后续治疗等方面均可起到重要作用。采用图像融合技术进行联合应用,如PET-CT和MRI-CT等,可提高检测的准确率。临床医生需在常规影像学手段的基础上,根据头颈部肿瘤患者病情和治疗方法的不同选用正确的功能和分子影像检测手段,更好地指导制定放射治疗计划及综合评价放射治疗后的疗效。  相似文献   

4.
半导体量子点具有长时间、多目标和灵敏度高等独特的光化学性质,这些特性使量子点成为细胞标记和生物应用中得到了广泛的应用。利用量子点目标定位癌细胞,对于寻找癌变部位具有指导的作用。近年来,利用量子点作为光动力学治疗癌症的能量供体也得到了一定的研究。简单地介绍了量子点独特的光学性质,并从量子点标记癌细胞、可视化癌细胞表面功能和在光动力学治疗癌症等方面综述了量子点在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用。  相似文献   

5.
近年来,量子点以其独特的光学性质被广泛应用到医学检测上.血清中人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的含量是诊断早期妊娠的常用指标,也可用于异常妊娠性疾病的早期发现和鉴别诊断.本文采用超声乳化法制备了高质量的亲水性量子点,并将其与免疫层析试纸条技术相结合,在此基础上自主研发了用于试纸条检测的量子点免疫荧光检测仪,对血清中HCG的含量进行了高灵敏度的快速定量检测.结果表明,对于血清中的HCG含量检测,最优检测条件为加样体积50μl,反应时间15 min,检测的灵敏度达到0.85 U/L,高于商品化的胶体金试纸条.这种检测技术简单、快速、灵敏,有望在其他蛋白质类标志物的检测中得到广泛应用.  相似文献   

6.
对碳量子点的常用合成方法、表征手段及应用情况进行介绍。碳量子点是一种以碳元素为主体的新型荧光纳米材料,具有光学性能优良、细胞毒性低、生物相容性好、易于功能化和成本低廉等优点,在生物和医药领域具有广阔的开发前景。  相似文献   

7.
血液肿瘤即造血系统的恶性肿瘤,是一种严重危害公共健康的疾病。目前,血液肿瘤诊断治疗的最理想方法就是分子特异性诊断和靶向治疗,但该方法面临的最大困难就是分子靶点的选择。噬菌体展示技术是近十年发展起来的一种新的生物学技术,具有高通量筛选、模拟天然表位、易于纯化、将蛋白功能与编码基因相统一等优点,广泛应用于功能性蛋白质和多肽的筛选、蛋白质间的识别与相互作用、抗原表位的鉴定、基因工程抗体的筛选等多个分子生物学领域,非常适于理想靶点的选择。目前,噬菌体文库技术在血液肿瘤诊治中的应用主要集中在噬菌体抗体文库和噬菌体随机肽库上。本文就噬菌体展示技术在血液肿瘤诊断治疗中的研究成果做一总结分析,并对该技术在这一领域的应用前景进行展望。  相似文献   

8.
量子点在生物学中的研究进展   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
量子点作为一种新型的荧光标记物近年来已在生物学中获得广泛应用。本文总结了量子点的主要光学特性,其中包括荧光激发和发射光谱特性、量子产额、光漂白特性和荧光寿命等。重点综述了量子点在细胞标记、活体和组织成像、组合标记和光动力学治疗等生物学中的应用及其最新研究进展。同时讨论了量子点在应用中可能存在的细胞毒性等主要问题,最后对量子点在生物学中的应用前景作了展望。  相似文献   

9.
超声对比剂的使用使得超声诊断更加准确,扩大了超声成像的应用范围。但单一影像技术难以满足肿瘤等重大疾病临床诊断和治疗的需求。因此开发以超声对比剂为核心,具有多模式成像功能,或同时兼备肿瘤诊断和治疗功能的多模式功能化对比剂是目前的一大研究热点。多模式成像的结合可以实现优势互补,诊断和治疗功能的结合为使得肿瘤等重大疾病的解决提供了新理念和新希望,具有重要意义。本文就基于超声的多模式功能化对比剂进行综述。  相似文献   

10.
肿瘤干细胞是存在于肿瘤组织中的具有自我更新、增殖、分化的部分细胞群,对肿瘤的发生、发展有十分重要的作用.肿瘤干细胞特异的表面分子及其异常活化的信号通路,是其区别于其他肿瘤细胞的特性.寻找和鉴定特异的肿瘤干细胞的表面标志物,从而识别肿瘤组织中的肿瘤干细胞,并进行相关信号调控机制研究,是肿瘤早期诊断及肿瘤干细胞靶向治疗的关键.本文简要概述了肿瘤干细胞相关的表面标志物及信号通路的研究进展,旨在为进一步开展针对肿瘤干细胞的抗体靶向治疗提供新思路.  相似文献   

11.
Semiconductor nanocrystals, so-called quantum dots (QDs), promise potential application in bioimaging and diagnosis in vitro and in vivo owing to their high-quality photoluminescence and excellent photostability as well as size-tunable spectra. Here, we describe a biocompatible, comparatively safe bacteria-based system that can deliver QDs specifically into solid tumor of living animals. In our strategy, anaerobic bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) that colonizes selectively in hypoxic regions of animal body was successfully used as a vehicle to load with QDs and transported into the deep tissue of solid tumors. The internalization of lipid-encapsuled QDs into B. bifidum was conveniently carried by electroporation. To improve the efficacy and specificity of tumor targeting, the QDs-carrying bacterium surface was further conjugated with folic acids (FAs) that can bind to the folic acid receptor overexpressed tumor cells. This new approach opens a pathway for delivering different types of functional cargos such as nanoparticles and drugs into solid tumor of live animals for imaging, diagnosis and therapy.  相似文献   

12.
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles in which charge carriers are three dimensionally confined or quantum confined. The quantum confinement provides size-tunable absorption bands and emission color to QDs. Also, the photoluminescence (PL) of QDs is exceptionally bright and stable, making them potential candidates for biomedical imaging and therapeutic interventions. Although fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer have many advantages over imaging using ionizing radiations and chemo and radiation therapies, advancement of PDT is limited due to the poor availability of photostable and NIR fluorophores and photosensitizing (PS) drugs. With the introduction of biocompatible and NIR QDs, fluorescence imaging and PDT of cancer have received new dimensions and drive. In this review, we summarize the prospects of QDs for imaging and PDT of cancer. Specifically, synthesis of visible and NIR QDs, targeting cancer cells with QDs, in vitro and in vivo cancer imaging, multimodality, preparation of QD-PS conjugates and their energy transfer, photosensitized production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), and the prospects and remaining issues in the advancement of QD probes for imaging and PDT of cancer are summarized.  相似文献   

13.
Biomedical applications of glyconanoparticles based on quantum dots   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  

Background

Quantum dots (QDs) are outstanding nanomaterials of great interest to life sciences. Their conjugation versatility added to unique optical properties, highlight these nanocrystals as very promising fluorescent probes. Among uncountable new nanosystems, in the last years, QDs conjugated to glycans or lectins have aroused a growing attention and their application as a tool to study biological and functional properties has increased.

Scope of review

This review describes the strategies, reported in the literature, to conjugate QDs to lectins or carbohydrates, providing valuable information for the elaboration, improvement, and application of these nanoconjugates. It also presents the main applications of these nanosystems in glycobiology, such as their potential to study microorganisms, the development of diseases such as cancer, as well as to develop biosensors.

Major conclusions

The development of glyconanoparticles based on QDs emerged in the last decade. Many works reporting the conjugation of QDs with carbohydrates and lectins have been published, using different strategies and reagents. These bioconjugates enabled studies that are very sensitive and specific, with potential to detect and elucidate the glycocode expressed in various normal or pathologic conditions.

General significance

Produce a quick reference source over the main advances reached in the glyconanotechnology using QDs as fluorescent probes.  相似文献   

14.
环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种单链环状闭合RNA分子,由线性RNA通过反向剪接形成,具有稳定、高度保守、组织特异性等特点。circRNA能够通过形成竞争性内源性RNA、结合蛋白等多种方式参与机体的生理、病理过程。最近发现,circRNA分子可以通过翻译形成多肽或蛋白参与癌症的发生和发展。circRNA是人类癌症中有前途的诊断和预后标志物,也是癌症治疗的潜在药物靶点。本文重点介绍了circRNAs编码的多肽和蛋白质在多种癌症中的相关研究进展。这些多肽和蛋白质分别依赖内部核糖体进入位点和m6A两种不同的机制进行翻译。我们还总结了circRNA编码的多肽和蛋白质在各种癌症的诊断、治疗、预后和机制研究中的潜在用途。  相似文献   

15.
Aptamers (Apts) are synthetic nucleic acid ligands that can be engineered to target various molecules, including amino acids, proteins, and pharmaceuticals. Through a series of adsorption, recovery, and amplification steps, Apts are extracted from combinatorial libraries of synthesized nucleic acids. Using aptasensors in bioanalysis and biomedicine can be improved by combining them with nanomaterials. Moreover, Apt-associated nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymeric, dendrimers, carbon nanomaterials, silica, nanorods, magnetic NPs, and quantum dots (QDs), have been widely used as promising nanotools in biomedicine. Following surface modifications and conjugation with appropriate functional groups, these nanomaterials can be successfully used in aptasensing. Advanced biological assays can use Apts immobilized on QD surfaces through physical interaction and chemical bonding. Accordingly, modern QD aptasensing platforms rely on interactions between QDs, Apts, and targets to detect them. QD-Apt conjugates can be used to directly detect prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancers or simultaneously detect biomarkers associated with these malignancies. Tenascin-C, mucin 1, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, nucleolin, growth factors, and exosomes are among the cancer biomarkers that can be sensitively detected using such bioconjugates. Furthermore, Apt-conjugated QDs have shown great potential for controlling bacterial infections such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. This comprehensive review discusses recent advancements in the design of QD-Apt bioconjugates and their applications in cancer and bacterial theranostics.  相似文献   

16.
17.
黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)作为一种非受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶,因其与肿瘤间的密切联系而备受关注。多年研究发现,FAK在许多肿瘤中过表达,通过多条信号通路调控细胞侵袭、迁移、增殖及凋亡等,从而参与肿瘤的发生、发展进程。研究表明FAK可以作为肿瘤预后因子,是潜在的抗肿瘤治疗靶点。本文对FAK与肿瘤进程的关系作一综述,以期更好地认识FAK在肿瘤发生、发展过程中所起的作用,为相关研究者提供资料参考。  相似文献   

18.
在过去的十几年中,重组抗体工程在基础研究、医学和药物生产上已经成为最有希望的领域之一。重组抗体及其片段在正在进行诊断和治疗的临床试验中占所有生物蛋白的30%以上。研究集中在抗体作为理想的癌症靶向试剂方面,最近由于FDA批准使用第一个工程化治疗抗体而使热度达到极点。过去的几年中,在设计、筛选及生产新型工程化抗体方面已经取得了重大进展。改革的筛选方法已经能够分离出高亲和力的癌-靶向及抗病毒的抗体,后能够抑制病毒用于基因治疗。癌症诊断和治疗的另一个策略是将重组抗体片段与放射性同位素、药物、毒素、酶以及生物传感器表面进行融合。双特异性抗体及相关融合蛋白也已经生产出来用于癌症的免疫治疗,在抗癌疫苗以及T细胞补充策略上有效地增强了人免疫应答。  相似文献   

19.
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