ITR缺陷对AAV病毒包装与感染力的影响

腺相关病毒(AAV)是一种复制缺陷性DNA病毒,其基因组两端的两个倒转末端重复序列(ITR)是rAAV包装复制所必需的自身结构.ITR容易缺失并影响病毒颗粒的包装和感染力.比较两个ITR完整的和一端ITR缺失的AAV病毒发现,一端ITR缺失的AAV载体质粒包装病毒的效率明显比ITR完整的质粒低.用这两种AAV病毒感染293细胞、HeLa细胞和小细胞肺癌细胞NCI H446细胞,显示两个ITR完整的AAV病毒感染细胞的能力明显比一个ITR缺失的病毒强.说明ITR缺失对AAV病毒的包装和感染力都有明显的影响.因此,筛选两个ITR完整的AAV载体质粒,并稳定其基因组的结构,对提高病毒生产的产量和增强病毒的感染力都有显著的价值.     

一种高效快速浓缩腺相关病毒载体的方法

腺相关病毒载体(adeno associatedviralvector,AAVvector)是一种具有良好应用前景的基因治疗载体。研究中往往需要高滴度的重组AAV病毒(>105v g /细胞),为此利用完整的腺相关病毒颗粒具有耐受有机溶剂的特点,创造性地采用了一种用乙醇沉淀重组AAV病毒的方法,达到了高效、快速浓缩AAV载体的目的。结果表明,乙醇沉淀法可以高效浓缩AAV载体,并且对病毒的结构和活性没有明显影响。用这种方法可以方便地将低滴度的AAV病毒变成高滴度,解决动物体内实验中每点注射体积受到限制的问题。     

腺相关病毒的衣壳装配和DNA衣壳化机制

重组腺相关病毒载体 (rAAV) 是基因治疗临床应用载体的选择之一。在简述野生型AAV基因组结构和复制机制的基础上,阐述了AAV包装过程中两个主要事件：衣壳蛋白的装配和基因组DNA的衣壳化。虽然对AAV的包装机制总体上已有一定的认识,但其详细的分子机制、构效关系仍需完善和充实。AAV病毒本身相关机制的深入研究有助于改善rAAV载体的制备技术,促进rAAV基因药物研发。     

化学修饰的重组腺相关病毒载体

重组腺相关病毒(Recombinant adenovirus-associated virus,rAAV)载体源于腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated virus,AAV),以其无致病性、低免疫原性、可定点整合及在宿主细胞内长期表达等优势,广泛应用于肿瘤和遗传疾病等基因治疗研究,被视为最有前途的基因治疗载体之一。但是人体内广泛存在AAV中和抗体,以及rAAV对体内特定组织或细胞的靶向性欠理想,限制了其在临床上的应用。经化学修饰的rAAV可以抵御血清中和抗体,提高转导靶向性,还可实现rAAV体内动态监测,这为解决当前rAAV载体的问题提供了新的思路和方法。本文对化学修饰的rAAV展开系统阐述,并对其未来发展趋势作出展望。     

基于腺相关病毒的多手段联合肿瘤治疗策略

腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV)本身具有抗肿瘤活性,以其为基础构建的重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)作为肿瘤基因治疗载体已应用于临床试验研究。与其他的药物一样,单一的AAV基因药物,可能无法对肿瘤这一多基因、多步骤的复杂疾病发挥有效的治疗作用。国内外实验研究发现,多种化疗药物和放疗手段,不但可以提高rAAV载体的基因表达效率,也能促进AAV病毒本身的复制;反过来,AAV可以提高肿瘤细胞对放化疗的敏感性。联合AAV与其他的肿瘤治疗策略将有助于优化肿瘤治疗效果。     

腺相关病毒与人多药耐药基因重组载体的构建及在NIH3T3细胞中的表达

腺相关病毒 (adeno- associated virus,AAV)属细小病毒科 ,是一种最小的动物病毒 .具有其他病毒载体所没有的优点 ,在基因治疗中日益受到瞩目 .以 AAV的一种多克隆载体为基础 ,构建了携带 MDR1基因的重组腺相关病毒载体 (r AAV- MDR1 ) ,经 2 93细胞包装成重组病毒 .将重组质粒、重组病毒分别转染和感染 NIH3T3细胞 ,用 PCR和 MTT法检测了人 MDR1基因的转导及表达 .为 MDR1基因用于临床和腺相关病毒载体在基因治疗中的应用提供了依据     

新型重组AAV5/5载体及包装系统

本研究组建了一种可用于规模化生产的以重组单纯疱疹病毒为辅助病毒的AAV5/5载体包装系统。首先,将5型腺相关病毒 (AAV5) 的rep和cap基因插入I型单纯疱疹病毒 (HSV-1) 基因组非必需基因UL2中,获得重组病毒rHSV1-rep5cap5。其次,构建一种携带AAV5 ITR的通用型载体质粒pAAV5neo,将报告基因EGFP插入pAAV5neo中,得到pAAV5neo-EGFP质粒。将pAAV5neo-EGFP质粒导入BHK-21细胞,用G418选择培养,挑选出表达EGFP并在重组病毒rHSV1-rep5cap5感染下能高效产生rAAV5/5-EGFP的单克隆载体细胞株C020。用rHSV1-rep5cap5感染C020细胞制备rAAV5/5-EGFP,用“氯仿处理-聚乙二醇/氯化钠-氯仿抽提”方法粗纯化rAAV5/5-EGFP。用100 kDa分子量截流超滤方法进一步纯化和浓缩,获得高纯度的rAAV5-EGFP。SDS-PAGE电泳分析可见3条特征性外壳蛋白带。电镜分析显示病毒颗粒以实心颗粒为主。用rAAV5/5-EGFP病毒按1×105 vg/cell感染体外培养的HEK293细胞,可见30％细胞呈现绿色荧光。本研究提出了一种高效AAV5/5载体生产系统和纯化方法,为重组AAV5载体的进一步应用提供了基础。     

重组新型冠状病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体)腺相关病毒qPCR检测方法的验证

目的 对重组新型冠状病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体)腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus, AAV)实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative Real-time PCR, qPCR)检测方法进行验证。方法 以基因组两末端的反向末端重复序列(inverted terminal repeat, ITR)为目的基因，对重组新型冠状病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体)的腺相关病毒进行qPCR检测。对该方法进行线性范围、重复性、准确度、中间精密度、定量限、耐用性和适用性验证。结果 AAV浓度在2×10²～2×10⁷ copies/μL范围内线性良好(R²>0.999);重复性验证CV<10%;准确度验证回收率在91%～114%;中间精密度验证CV<10%;定量限为100 copies/μL;耐用性验证CV<10%;并且3种不同重组新型冠状病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体)均未检出腺相关病毒。结论 重组新型冠状病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体)腺相关病毒qPCR检测方法的线性范围、重复性、准确度、中间精密度、定量限和耐用性均符合可接...     

2型腺相关病毒转导人胎肝造血细胞及其介导的β珠蛋白基因的表达

β地中海贫血是一种因β珠蛋白基因缺陷导致的遗传性贫血性疾病,基因治疗是唯一有望治愈该病的方法.2型腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virustype2,AAV2)是一种非致病性病毒,作为一种基因治疗载体,其应用潜力日益受到关注.目前还未见AAV2转导人早期胎肝造血细胞及其介导β珠蛋白基因在动物体内表达的实验报道.有研究表明,AAV2转导人造血干细胞的效率,因各实验室包装和纯化rAAV2的方法不同而存在差异,其中辅助病毒的污染被认为是一重要原因.制备了无辅助病毒污染的rAAV2,经体外检测其滴度,纯度及功能后,再转导人早期胎肝造血细胞,将被转导的胎肝造血细胞移植入受亚致死量剂量照射的8只BALB/C裸鼠体内,检测rAAV2介导的β珠蛋白基因在裸鼠体内的表达.结果显示:制备的无辅助病毒污染的rAAV2具有较高的滴度、纯度,并能够在体外介导β基因的表达;在8只受试BALB/C裸鼠中,RT-PCR在2只BALB/C裸鼠骨髓中检测到β珠蛋白基因的表达.提示,rAAV2能够转导人早期胎肝细胞并介导β珠蛋白基因的表达,但同时也存在表达量较低的缺点,应用于β地中海贫血的基因治疗还需要对AAV2生物学特性做深入的研究.     

比较不同血清型AAV携带HBV基因组建立乙肝小鼠模型效果

近年来,用8型腺相关病毒携带1.3拷贝HBV(Hepatitis B virus)基因组建立的HBV持续感染小鼠模型受到越来越多的关注。本研究比较了除AAV8之外的其他4种血清型重组腺相关病毒(Recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV)建立乙肝小鼠模型效果。首先,将携带1.3拷贝ayw亚型HBV基因组的1型、2型、5型、8型、9型腺相关病毒分别以1×10~(11) vg/只(Viral genome,vg)的剂量尾静脉注射C57BL/6J小鼠;利用ELISA方法监测小鼠血清中HBeAg和HBsAg表达水平;用定量PCR方法检测小鼠血清和肝脏中HBV DNA拷贝数;用免疫组化方法检测小鼠肝脏中HBc Ag的表达;用HE染色检测小鼠肝脏病理变化。结果显示,在持续8周中,5组小鼠血清中都检测到HBeAg和HBsAg的表达,血清和肝脏中均检测到HBV DNA的存在。HBeAg、HBsAg、HBV DNA表达水平高低依次为AAV8AAV9AAV1AAV5AAV2。5组小鼠用免疫组化方法都检测到肝脏中HBcAg表达,HE染色病理检测均观察到不同程度的肝损伤。本研究扩大了能用于建立乙肝小鼠持续感染模型可选择的AAV载体种类,发现虽然AAV1、2、5、9的建模效果不如AAV8,但它们都可以介导建立持续感染的乙肝小鼠模型,建模效果依次为AAV8AAV9AAV1AAV5AAV2。其中AAV9介导的建模效果与AAV8载体最为接近,可以替代AAV8载体用于有效地建立HBV持续感染的小鼠模型。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV