9个辣椒雄性不育材料花蕾生理生化特性研究

以9个辣椒雄性不育材料及其相应的保持系为试材,对有关花器的植物学性状进行了系统观察和研究,测定了花蕾中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶的活性和游离脯氨酸的含量。结果表明:供试9个雄性不育材料和保持系的主要花器性状有一定差异;雄性不育材料的过氧化物酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性均高于相应的保持系, 而过氧化氢酶活性低于保持系;保持系游离脯氨酸含量离于不育材料;所测的3种酶活性和脯氨酸含量在雄性不育材料与保持系间差异显著。     

大亚湾红树林研究Ⅲ．白骨壤和秋茄叶片2种酶活性及过氧化物酶同工酶谱

研究了大亚湾附近澳头,稔山与三门岛地区生长的白骨壤,秋茄叶片多酚氧化酶,过氧化物酶的活性与过氧化物酶同工酶谱,发现2种红树植物叶片中多酚氧化酶活性在澳头,稔山,三门岛3个地区依次降低,而过氧化物酶活性则与之相反,依次升高,过氧化物酶同工酶谱在不同地区表现出峰高及区带数上的判别,但无地区规律性。     

香荚兰成熟荚果中三种酶的活性测定

不同级别的香荚兰 (Vanillaplanifolia)成熟荚果以及其中的种子和肉质果壳中的 β -葡萄糖甙酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性研究结果表明高等级的果荚中过氧化物酶活性高于低等级的果荚 ,种子中的 β -葡萄糖苷酶活性几乎达到肉质果荚的 2倍 ;过氧化物酶的活性主要分布在果壳中 ,没有在种子中测过氧化物酶的活性 ;多酚氧化酶的活性在测定样品极低 ,未能测出。     

硝酸银对雌性黄瓜植株三种氧化酶同工酶的影响

雌性黄瓜植株经硝酸银处理后其茎尖和真叶过氧化物酶活性极显著地增加,茎尖２４小时、真叶３６小时酶活性达到最大值,分别增加１７８．２％和２８４．６％,随后酶活性逐渐下降,但酶活性仍然较对照植株高。多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶的同工酶活性也增加。同时硝酸银能诱发黄瓜植株过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶产生新的同工酶。用等电聚焦更能有效地观察新产生的同工酶。     

IBA及NAA对山杜英组培苗生根过程中POD、PPO活性的影响

本文研究山杜英组培苗根诱导分化过程中过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性变化。结果表明,在使用IBA和NAA后,对生根有显著影响,过氧化物酶活性在0~4d迅速下降,然后逐步上升,在根开始伸长时,活性又开始下降;不使用任何生长调节剂的情况下不生根,过氧化物酶活性在0~16d上升,然后开始下降;多酚氧化酶活性在整个根诱导中都维持在较低水平。     

硝酸银对雌性黄瓜植株三种氧化酶同工酶的影响

雌性黄瓜植株经硝酸银处理后其茎尖和真叶过氧化物酶活性极显著地增加,茎尖24小时、真叶36小时酶活性达到最大值,分别增加了178.2%和284.6%,随后酶活性逐渐下降,但酶活性仍然较对照植株高。多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶的同工酶活性也增加。同时硝酸银能诱发黄瓜植株过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶产生新的同工酶, 用等电聚焦更能有效地观察新产生的同工酶。     

PCBs对红树林沉积物中微生物及酶活性的影响

研究了多氯联苯（PCBs）对沉积物及红树植物秋茄根区沉积物微生物及酶活性的影响。结果表明,种植秋茄可提高沉积物中细菌和放线菌的数量,但不能提高真菌的数量。PCBs处理可显著提高沉积物中细菌和放线菌的数量。土壤呼吸与微生物量具有相似的变化趋势。由于细菌在沉积物微生物中占有绝对的优势,因此细菌的数量是微生物多样性指数的决定性因素。与未种植红树植物的相比,种植沉积物微生物多样性指数相对较低,PCBs处理与对照相比,微生物多样性指数差异不显著。在试验过程中,未种植的PCBs处理组多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性均高于对照组,表明这两种酶是沉积物PCBs污染的敏感指标,而这两种酶被报道在植物修复中与PCBs的降解有关。     

从几个生理指标探讨不同发育程度切花菊耐藏性的差异

本文从分析切花菊贮藏期间可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶等酶活性变化动态,探讨不同发育程度采收的切花菊耐藏性差异。研究表明,发育程度较高的切花菊含有较高的可溶性糖。贮藏期间,其过氧化物酶活性较低,过氧化氢酶活性变幅较小,峰值出现较晚,这些可能是引起不同发育期采收切花菊耐藏性差异的原因。     

二氧化硫污染对植物体酶活性的影响

通过用６种浓度的ＳＯ２气体对６种植物进行熏气处理,然后测定植物叶片内的过氧化物酶,抗坏血酸氧化酶及多酚氧化酶的活性,为环境监测提供理论依据。通过试验,发现ＳＯ２气体对植物叶内不同酶的活性的影响有别。６种植物受不同浓度的ＳＯ２污染,叶内的过氧化物酶活性随ＳＯ２浓度增加而增加,促进叶片的衰老;而对其他的２种酶,则６种植物表现不同     

鄱阳湖典型湿地植物群落土壤酶活性

调查了鄱阳湖典型湿地植物群落表层土壤(0～10 cm)养分性状及土壤酶活性.结果表明:不同群落之间显示了较明显的土壤养分性状及土壤酶活差异.灰化薹草群落与水蓼群落显示了较高的土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷与有效磷含量,而芦苇群落土壤养分含量明显低于其他群落.灰化薹草群落与水蓼群落土壤蔗糖酶活性与蛋白酶活性也明显高于其他群落;此外,脲酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性也以水蓼群落与灰化薹草群落最高.表明这2种植物群落土壤中碳、氮、磷等元素转化速率要高于其他植物群落.芦苇群落与芦苇(荻)群落则显示了较低的土壤蔗糖酶活性、蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性.相比较而言,多酚氧化酶以芦苇群落最高,其次为阿及薹草群落、水蓼群落和灰化薹草群落;香蒲群落多酚氧化酶活性则显著低于其他群落.相关分析表明:多酚氧化酶活性与土壤养分含量关系不密切;蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤有机质及氮素含量则呈明显的正相关,在一定程度上可表征湿地土壤质量的演变动态.     

Similarities and differences in the growth of the heart in situ and in transplants

Growth and ploidy of rat ventricular myocytes were studied during development in situ and in grafts (1 day old rat ventricle transplanted under kidney capsule of syngenic adult animals). Both in situ and in the transplants polyploidization occurred on days 4-14 of postnatal life, and the modal group of myocytes was represented by binucleate diploid (2c x 2) cells. Minor quantities of 4c, 4c x 2, 8c and 2c x 4 myocytes were detected as well. In ventricles of 14 and 28 days old rats and in the transplants of the corresponding age the portion of polyploid myocytes was 90-96% and 32-63% respectively. The intensity of postmitotic myocyte transplants was decreased as compared with in situ development, and cells that exit proliferation cycle did not grow until day 14. The data on thymidine label dilution suggest that diploid myocytes of the transplant can divide two or three times but the majority of labeled diploids divided only once. Labeled 2c x 2 myocytes originated from the first, and less frequently, the second cell generation or resulted from initial acytokinetic mitosis. Mononucleate tetraploids 4c originated from 2c x 2 and mostly from 2c cells. Octaploids were formed after 3d or 4th labeled mitosis. The conclusion about cardiac myocyte polyploidization as an intrinsic developmental program is supported, implying the programming of onset, mode, duration and termination of polyploidization and its prolongation during early postnatal life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Differences in the concentration of erythrocytes and the hematocrit value in the blood in relation to the location of the vessels and the intensity of the blood flow

The experiments in adult rabbits revealed that in the blood flowing in cerebral veins the red cell concentration and hematocrit are much greater than in the veins of hind legs of the same animals. In blood samples taken from the heart these values are higher than in those taken from the hind leg, but usually lower than in blood samples taken from the brain. Under conditions of reduced cerebral blood flow (ischemia) the red cell concentration and hematocrit in the brain vessels decrease significantly as compared to the control conditions. Thus, the red cell distribution in arterial branching sequence is irregular, depending both on the localization of the vascular bed and the blood flow rate in it.     

Tremor characteristics in the norm and in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism

With the aid of tensotremorography, a voluntary effort was recorded and characteristics of involuntary and voluntary components of the hands' isometrically recorded efforts were studied. The revealed frequency ranges of the oscillations spectral density's changes corroborate existence of two suprasegmental systems of movements control, the systems being related to voluntary control and a current control of the efforts maintaining or preserving a posture. Results of cross-correlation analysis of the hands' efforts maintained under conditions of a visual feedback are demonstrated in norm and in central disorders of the movement control system.