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1.
利用全能量收支同步测定呼吸仪系统测定了三种不同蛋白源(鱼粉、豆粕、土豆蛋白)饲料对银鲫生长及能量收支各组分的影响。对照饲料全部以鱼粉为蛋白源,另两种饲料中30%的蛋白质分别来自豆粕和土豆蛋白。试验结果表明,银鲫对三种蛋白源的饲料的摄食率,食物转化效率均有显差异,以鱼粉组最高,豆粕其次,土豆蛋白最低。能量收支各组分也均有显差异,能量收支式如下:鱼粉88.1C=13.77F 2.95U 24.1G 41.8R 豆粕 102.3C=17.1F 2.8U 16.4G 55.4R土豆蛋白105.5C=14.9F 1.3U 14.4G 67.4R式中C、F、U、G、R分别代表摄食能、排粪能、排泄能、生长能、代谢能。  相似文献   

2.
本文通过以添加结晶氨基酸的半精制饲料饲喂长吻Wei(LeiocassislognirostrisGunther)幼鱼的生长试验来确定春赖氨基酸需要量,试验饲料由鱼粉,玉米蛋白,糊精,明胶等组成,通过添加游离氨基酸达饲料中分别含赖氨酸国1.64,2.04,2.44,2.84和3.24%五个水平,结果得出:长吻Wei幼鱼最大生长时对饲料中的赖氨酸的需要量为2.57%,占饲料蛋白的6.54%。  相似文献   

3.
南方鲇的营养学研究:Ⅰ.人工饲料的消化率   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
采用循环水养殖系统在27.5℃条件下,用人工饲料持喂养南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼6周。以三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)为指示物,测定了蛋白质含量为35%至60%(变化梯度为5%)的6种等能(20kJ/g)试验饲料的消化率,实验结果表明,饲料蛋白南水平由39.86%升至55.73%时,饲料干物质表观消化率(Ddm)、蛋白质表观消化率(Dp)、脂肪表观消化率(D1)、能  相似文献   

4.
以23.78±0.09g的南方鲇为实验对象,以Cr2O3作为测定饲料消化率的指示物,以大豆蛋白分别替代0%、13%、26%、39%、52%和65%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成6种等氮(粗蛋白48%)、等能(总能20KJ/g)的饲料,用于探讨饲料中大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的比例对南方鲇消化率及摄食率的影响。实验在27.5±0.02℃水温条件下进行6周,溶氧维持在5mg/L以上,光制为14L∶10D。结果表明,饲料中不同比例的鱼粉蛋白与大豆蛋白对南方鲇的消化率及摄食率均存在显著影响(P<0.05)。其中南方鲇对于物质、蛋白质、脂肪和能量的消化率随着大豆蛋白替代率的提高而逐步下降,当替代量为65%时,其消化率显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。而南方鲇的摄食率均随着饲料中大豆粉添加量的升高而升高,当大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白超过39%时,摄食率显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。通过分析认为,消化率是限制南方鲇利用大豆粉的重要因素,而摄食率不是影响其利用率的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
通过在饲料中配制不同鱼粉和菜粕比例,探讨利用菜粕蛋白替代鱼粉对异育银鲫(Carssius auratus gibelio)的生长和饲料利用的影响。饲料中菜粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的比例分别为0、20%、40%、60%和80%。实验结果表明,当饲料中菜粕蛋白比例高于40%时,异育银鲫的生长显著下降(P0.05),对摄食率影响不明显(P0.05)。在80%替代水平下,干物质和蛋白质的消化率最低,能量消化率在40%替代水平最低。饲料转化效率在20%蛋白替代后明显下降(P0.05)。蛋白质和能量储积率在40%蛋白替代后明显下降(P0.05)。在40%菜粕蛋白下,鱼体能量和脂肪含量最高。鱼体蛋白质在60%和80%菜粕蛋白时最低,脂肪在20%菜粕蛋白时最高。因此饲料菜粕蛋白的水平不超过20%(干物质含量约17%)不会影响异育银鲫的生长和饲料转化。  相似文献   

6.
本试验比较研究了不同蛋白源(鱼粉,FM;大豆分离蛋白,SPI)基础饲料中添加大豆低聚糖(SBOS)对牙鲆(Paralichthysolivaceus)摄食率、生长性能和代谢酶活性的影响。分别以FM、SPI作为主要蛋白源,配制了4种等氮等能饲料。其中,饲料FM、SP1分别以FM、SPI作为主要蛋白源;饲料FMO、SPIO分别在饲料FM、SPI基础上添加10%SBOS(水苏糖:2.61%;棉籽糖:0.61%)。试验表明:①饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆前两周摄食丰无显著影响(P〉0.05);而显著降低了整个养殖周期FMO组牙鲆总摄食率,提高了SPIO组牙鲆总摄食牢(P〈0.05);②FM基础饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FER)和蛋白质效率(PER)均无显著影响(P〉0.05),但均呈明显下降趋势;SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS对FER和PER无显著影响,却显著提高了SGR(P〈0.05);③FM基础饲料中添加SBOS提高了牙鲆血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和γ-L-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)的活性,但仅AST差异显著(P〈0.05),而对肝脏AST、ALT、AKP、LDH和1.GT活性无显著影响(P〉0.05);SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS显著提高了血浆ALT和LDH活性,而对AST、AKP和γ-GT活性无显著影响;同时,SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS显著提高了肝脏AST和ALT活性,而对AKP、LDH和γ-GT活性无显著影响;④饲料巾添加SBOS对牙鲆血浆中尿素氮和游离氨基酸浓度均无显著影响。试验结果表明,不同蛋白源基础饲料中添加SBOS表现出不同的生长效应;其中,FM基础饲料中添加SBOS表现出一定的抑制生长效应,而SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS却表现出促生长效应。  相似文献   

7.
以体重为(4.86±0.02)g的虹鳟稚鱼为实验对象,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行为期90d的生长实验。用1000 U/kg植酸酶预处理大豆分离蛋白,然后以预处理的大豆分离蛋白(Soy protein isolate,SPI)分别替代0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成6种等氮(粗蛋白为44.97%)、等能(粗脂肪为13.42%)的饲料,以评估饲料中鱼粉替代量对虹鳟生长、体组成、消化率及氮磷排泄的影响。90d的养殖实验结果表明,大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉对虹鳟生长性能和饲料利用率产生显著的影响(P<0.05)。当大豆蛋白替代水平由0增加到40%时,虹鳟的特定生长率(SGR)显著提高,随着饲料中SPI替代水平由40%增加到100%时,虹鳟的SGR显著降低(P<0.05),在S0、S20和S60试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。增重率(WGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)分别在处理组之间的差异关系与特定生长率(SGR)在各组之间的变化趋势相类似;当大豆蛋白分别替代40%时,其饲料系数(FCR)显著低于其他替代组(P<0.05),当替代量超过40%后,随着替代水平的增加,FCR显著增加(P<0.05)。随着替代水平由0升高到100%,磷排泄显著降低,与之相反的是,磷沉积率显著升高。随着替代水平由0升高至40%,氮排泄逐渐降低,当替代水平由40%升高至100%,氮排泄逐渐升高,随着替代水平升高至40%,氮沉积率升高。试验证明,大豆分离蛋白替代量达到40%时,虹鳟的生长及饲料转化率达到最佳,而高比例的SPI对虹鳟的生长性能和饲料效率产生负面影响。  相似文献   

8.
研究采用酶解技术水解太平洋鳕鱼肉,制备不同分子量组分的两种水解鱼蛋白产品(Fish protein hy-drolysate,FPH-A和FPH-B)。在牙鲆幼鱼高植物蛋白饲料配方中,以水解鱼蛋白产物1.2%和3.7%两个梯度替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白,在室内流水养殖系统中进行了为期60d的生长实验。研究了高植物蛋白饲料中添加水解鱼蛋白对肉食性鱼类牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明,添加3.7%的水解鱼蛋白显著促进了牙鲆幼鱼的生长,特别是添加了富含低分子量组分的水解蛋白产品(FPH-A)后实验鱼的特定生长率最高。各实验处理组牙鲆摄食率没有显著差异。摄食添加3.7%FPH-A的牙鲆鱼体粗蛋白含量显著高于对照鱼粉组。添加水解鱼蛋白显著提高了牙鲆幼鱼的蛋白质消化率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率,摄食3.7%FPH-A实验鱼蛋白质消化率、蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率最高,显著高于其他各组。实验表明,高植物蛋白饲料中添加低分子量组分的水解鱼蛋白可显著提高牙鲆幼鱼的生长和饲料蛋白利用。  相似文献   

9.
选择健康的翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)为试验鱼,以红鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个蛋白水平的等能、等必需氨基酸(EAA)平衡关联度的半精制饲料,又以豆粕替代鱼粉,大豆蛋白分别替代不同水平的鱼粉蛋白,配制5个EAA关联度的等蛋白、等能的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白对鱼类生长和内分泌激素等的影响。结果表明:饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴鲌的特定增重率(SGR)具有显著影响(P〈0.05),40.89%饲料蛋白组的SGR显著高于31.04%、35.51%饲料蛋白组(P〈0.05),但与46.62%和50.33%饲料蛋白组没有显著性差异(P〉0.05)。血清T3水平与饲料蛋白水平正相关(P〈0.05)。血清GH水平与饲料蛋白水平和生长负相关(P〈0.05),血清IGF—I水平与饲料蛋白水平和生长正相关(P〈0.05)。适宜蛋白水平通过提高翘嘴鲌血清T,和IGF—I的水平来调控生长。当大豆蛋白分别替代54.0%的鱼粉蛋白时,翘嘴鲌的SGR与对照组差异显著(P〈0.05)。翘嘴鲌血清T1与饲料大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白的替代量负相关(P〈0.05)。40.5%和54.0%替代组的血清GH显著高于对照组(P〈0.05),且与饲料中豆粕对鱼粉替代水平正相关(P〈0.01),与生长负相关(P〈0.05)。血清IGF—I与饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量负相关(P〈0.05),与生长正相关(P〈0.05)。大豆蛋白的替代亦通过对内分泌激素的影响来调控生长。  相似文献   

10.
实验探讨了建鲤和异育银鲫摄食低质和高质饲料时氮和能量的收支情况。低质饲料以豆粕为主要蛋白源,饲料蛋白含量为33.91%,高质饲料以鱼粉为主要蛋白源,饲料蛋白含量为45.59%。55d的生长结果显示,氮收支和能量收支受到饲料质量和鱼类种类的显影响:摄食低质饲料时,建鲤的生长氮和生长能比例显低于异育银鲫,排泄氮、排泄能和代谢能比例显高于异育银鲫;摄食高质饲料时,两种鱼的氮收支和能量收支无显差异;建鲤的氮收支和能量收支受饲料质量的显影响,摄食低质饲料时,其生长氮和生长能比例均显低于摄食高质饲料时,而排泄氮、粪能和代谢能比例均显高于摄食高质饲料时;异育银鲫的氮收支、生长能和代谢能比例不受饲料质量的显影响。结果表明,在低质饲料条件下,建鲤利用氮和能量的能力弱于异育银鲫,在高质饲料条件下,两种鱼没有显差异。与异育银鲫相比,建鲤利用氮和能量的能力受饲料质量的影响更为显。  相似文献   

11.
One hundred and twenty pigs, initially 4–5 kg liveweight, were fed on wheat-based diets supplemented with meat meal and amino acids in two experiments, each of 4 weeks duration.In the first experiment, the supplementation of a normal meat meal diet with lysine and methionine increased the feed intake and weight gains of the pigs by 15 and 18%, respectively. Nitrogen retention was increased by 30%. Tryptophane gave a similar response to lysine and methionine.In the second experiment, a 21% crude protein basal diet was similar to the basal diet of the first experiment but it contained 1.02% lysine and 0.50% methionine plus cystine, compared to 0.90 and 0.51%, respectively, in the first experiment. Lysine and methionine supplementation of the diet did not significantly improve the performance of the pigs in the second experiment, but the supplementation of the diets with 0.08% tryptophane and lysine and methionine increased weight gains and feed intakes and decreased urea content of the blood plasma. The 21% crude protein diet contained 0.15% tryptophane.Increasing the crude protein content of diets from 18 to 24% by increasing their meat meal content increased the daily weight gains from 190 to 276 g.  相似文献   

12.
Rumen contents were investigated as a possible feed for farm animals. Although their composition varied to some extent, an average sample contained 21.8% crude protein, 30.3% crude fibre, 6.1% fat and 11.5% ash in the dry matter. Of total crude protein, 73.4% was amino acids. The raw rumen material was dried using the “organic carrier method” by previous mixing with maize meal (3 parts raw rumen contents/1 part maize meal). The product, RM meal (12.5% crude protein, 10.8% crude fibre, 5% fat, 4.9% ash), was used for feeding broiler chicks.The nutritive qualities of dried rumen contents (DRC) were assessed by biological tests on rats. Two levels of DRC (10% and 24%) were included in diets containing blood meal as a protein source and maize (Experiment I). The lower level of DRC (10%) did not reduce the growth rate of young rats (2.4 g/day), but the food consumption was increased. The total body composition of the rats was not changed (55.3% crude protein, 34.1% fat, 9.6% ash). The higher concentration of DRC decreased the growth rates markedly, as well as the apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein, and changed the body composition of rats.The apparent digestibility by rats of rumen protein in a semi-synthetic diet containing 50% DRC (Experiment II) was 44.6% and of dry matter, 56%.The RM meal was given to broiler chicks (0–8 weeks of age) as 23% or 60% of the diet which also contained soya bean meal, blood meal and sunflower meal as protein supplements (Experiment III). The chicks consumed all diets readily. The diet containing 23% RM meal (corresponding to 6.4% DRC) supported a better performance than the control diet. The larger amount of RM meal (corresponding to 17% DRC) reduced the final body weights of chicks.  相似文献   

13.
实验以异育银鲫中科3号幼鱼(3.20.5) g为实验对象, 研究螺旋藻粉蛋白替代饲料鱼粉蛋白(0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用和蛋白沉积的影响。实验设计了6种等氮(38%)等脂(10%)等能(16.50 kJ)的饲料, 每处理3个重复。采用室内循环水养殖系统, 表观饱食投喂。实验水温为(283)℃, 实验共持续60d。结果发现:随藻粉替代比例的增加, 鱼摄食率显著上升; 饲料效率则呈显著下降趋势; 特定生长率在20%替代组与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05), 其他各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 蛋白沉积率在20%、60%替代时与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05), 其他替代组显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 肥满度在各替代组均显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05); 鱼体蛋白随藻粉替代比例的增加呈现先持平后降低的趋势, 鱼体脂肪则呈先降低后升高的变化; 20%、40%和60%替代组全鱼灰分均高于全鱼粉组; 肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和-淀粉酶)在替代组和对照组间均无显著差异(P0.05); 干物质表观消化率随藻粉蛋白替代比例的增加而呈显著上升, 蛋白的表观消化率则呈显著下降趋势, 总磷表观消化率在20%替代时最低, 在100%替代时最高。综合特定生长率和蛋白沉积率情况, 当鲫幼鱼饲料中鱼粉含量约为50%, 且鱼粉为唯一蛋白源时, 螺旋藻粉蛋白可替代饲料中20%鱼粉蛋白。  相似文献   

14.
Apparent digestibility and growth experiments with three oil seed by-products, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and sunflower seed meal, were conducted using tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) with an initial average body weight of 93 ± 5 g and 64 ± 1 g, respectively. The diets were formulated on an isonitrogeneous and isoenergetic basis. During the experimental period the fish were fed 1% and 1.5% of their metabolic body weight (kg0.8) daily in the digestibility experiment and the growth experiment, respectively. Water temperature was maintained at 26.5 ± 1°C. Apparent digestibilities of the components and the diets were determined using an indirect method, i.e. with HCl-insoluble ash as an indicator. Faeces collection was carried out using a sedimentation technique.
Results of the apparent digestibilities showed that the crude protein, crude fat, as well as the gross energy digestibilities of soybean meal (93.0%, 94.6%, and 77.2%, respectively), were better than those of cottonseed meal (79.4%, 83.2%, and 57.9%, respectively) and sunflower seed meal (89.8%, 82.9%, and 49.3%, respectively). With the exception of the crude protein digestibility, nutrient and gross energy digestibilities of the cottonseed meal were found to be better than that of sunflower seed meal.
Growth experiment results indicated that soybean meal diet groups had inferior growth performance and feed conversion in comparison to the fishmeal control diet or the other test diets at an inclusion level of 32% of the digestible protein. Fish fed cottonseed meal diet and sunflower seed meal diet showed a relatively better, but not significantly different performance than did the fishmeal control diet. Supplementation diets with lysine and methionine did not enhance fish performance.  相似文献   

15.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing exogenous enzymes on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and apparent nutrient digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry diets containing 32% canola meal. Five experimental diets (including a control diet containing no enzymes) were prepared as isonitrogenous (44% crude protein) and isocaloric (4000 kcal DE kg1). The four other diets contained either cellulase, phytase, pectinase or an enzyme mix (a mixture of cellulase, phytase and pectinase in the same ratio). The feeding trial was conducted in triplicate for 12 weeks in 15 tanks (100‐L). At the beginning of the experiment 20 rainbow trout fry (initial weight 1.23 g) were stocked into each tank. Mean water temperature in the rearing tanks was 11°C and water flow in each tank was 6 L min?1. At the end of the experiment the growth parameters and FCR displayed no significant differences in enzyme supplementation (P > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed in dry matter, protein, or lipid digestibility with enzyme supplementation (P > 0.05). The results of this study showed that the addition of pectinase, phytase, cellulase or an enzyme mix to a diet containing 32% canola meal had no effect on growth, feed efficiency or dry matter, protein, or lipid digestibility in rainbow trout fry.  相似文献   

16.
研究旨在探讨洱海土著鱼类春鲤(Cyprinus longipectoralis)(初始体重0.55 g)对蛋白质和脂肪的需求量。实验采用3×3双因子设计,蛋白水平为33%、39%和45%,脂肪水平为5%、8%和11%,共9组等能饲料。实验在水温为(28±2)℃的室内微流水系统中进行,为期56d。实验结果表明:随着蛋白水平的提高,摄食率显著降低(P<0.05),饲料效率、能量沉积率、鱼体水分和脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05),但特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白沉积率、鱼体灰分含量和能值均无显著变化(P>0.05)。随着脂肪水平的提高,特定生长率、蛋白沉积率和鱼体蛋白含量显著下降,鱼体脂肪含量显著上升(P<0.05),而摄食率、饲料效率、能量沉积率、鱼体水分和灰分含量以及能值则无明显变化(P>0.05)。通过折线回归分析得出,当饲料中蛋脂比为7.30时,春鲤有最大的特定生长率。研究结果表明,春鲤饲料中适宜的蛋白和脂肪水平分别为33%—34%和4%—5%。  相似文献   

17.
Growth and digestibility trials were conducted using African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822): (1) to obtain apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values for capelin fish meal, soybean flour and corn meal; (2) to formulate diets based on ADC values of the protein feedstuffs; and (3) to evaluate the effects of replacing 25%, 50% and 75% of fish meal in control diets with soybean flour on growth, feed utilization efficiency and carcass composition. Supplemental methionine was added to the diet formulation in which soybean flour replaced 75% of the diet. Diets were formulated (400 g digestible protein kg−1 and 15 kJ digestible energy g−1 dry diet) and fed to catfish fingerlings (13.1 ± 0.5 g) to apparent satiation twice daily for 70 days. The protein and energy digestibilities of fish meal and soybean flour were high (>90% and >80%, respectively; P < 0.05). At 75% fish meal replacement with soybean flour (without methionine supplementation), growth and feed utilization efficiency indicators were depressed compared with other diet treatments which had a similar (P > 0.05) growth and feed utilization efficiency to those fed the control diet. The carcass compositions of catfish in all diets were similar (P > 0.05) and the liver histology of catfish fed any of the diets showed no alterations. The results obtained indicate that 50% of fish meal protein in practical catfish diets can be replaced with soybean flour and that catfish can effectively utilize supplemental methionine, thereby allowing up to 75% of the dietary fish meal protein to be replaced by soybean flour.  相似文献   

18.
本实验以杂交黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂)幼鱼为研究对象, 探究低蛋白饲料中补充蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对杂交黄颡鱼的生长性能、体组成、转氨酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响。实验设计 5 组饲料, 设置 3 个蛋白梯度(42%、37% 和 32%), 分别记为对照组、LP1 组和 LP2 组, 并参照对照组饲料中赖氨酸与蛋氨酸含量, 向 LP1 组和 LP2 组添加晶体赖氨酸和蛋氨酸, 记为 LP1+AA 组与 LP2+AA组。将实验鱼随机分为 5 组, 分别等量投喂 5 组饲料, 饲养 8 周后测定杂交黄颡鱼的生长指标、常规营养成分、转氨酶活性与抗氧化指标。结果表明, 与对照组饲料相比, (1)LP1 组与 LP2 组杂交黄颡鱼幼鱼增重率与特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05), LP1+AA 与LP2+AA 组杂交黄颡鱼幼鱼的增重率与特定生长率没有显著性差异(P>0.05); (2)LP2 组与 LP2+AA 组杂交黄颡鱼下丘脑 GH、IGF-1及垂体 GH mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P<0.05), 其余各组均没有显著性差异(P>0.05); (3)各实验组肌肉与全鱼的常规营养成分均没有显著性差异(P>0.05); (4)各实验组肝脏与血清中的 AST 活性均没有显著性差异(P>0.05), LP2 组血清中 ALT 活性显著高于对照组及 LP1+AA 组(P<0.05); (5)LP1+AA 组肝脏与血清中 SOD、CAT、T-AOC、MDA、ROS及肝脏中Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT mRNA相对表达量均没有显著性差异(P>0.05); LP1 组、LP2 组和LP2+AA 组血清中 CAT 活性及肝脏中 T-AOC 均显著降低(P<0.05); LP2 组和LP2+AA 组肝脏与血清中 ROS 水平均显著升高(P<0.05), 肝脏中Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

19.
A nine‐week feeding trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that an adequate methionine diet might improve growth, feed utilization, body composition and physiology, and biochemical parameters in pre‐adult blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala, whereas a methionine deficiency might have adverse effects on these parameters. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetics semi‐purified diets (33.0% crude protein, 7.0% crude lipid) were formulated to contain graded methionine levels (0.39–1.54% of dry weight) at 0.25% increments replaced by equal proportions of glycine. Results show that the survival rate (SR) was not significantly affected by the dietary methionine level. Final weight (FW), feed efficiency ratios (FER), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary methionine levels up to 1.00% and then showed a declining trend. Using quadratic regression analysis of FER and SGR, the dietary methionine requirement was estimated to be 0.74% (2.24% of dietary protein) and 0.76% of the diet (2.30% of dietary protein), respectively. Fish fed the 0.39% methionine diet showed significantly lower whole body protein content compared to those fed with 0.85, 1.00 and 1.24% methionine diets (P < 0.05). Whole body moisture, lipid, and ash contents in pre‐adult adult blunt snout bream were not significantly affected. The urea content in fish fed the 0.85% methionine diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed a 0.39, 0.56, 1.24, 1.54% methionine diet (P < 0.05), but not significantly different in fish fed the 1.00% methionine diet (P > 0.05). No significant differences were found in other indexes such as the hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), condition factor (CF), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and spartate transaminase (AST) (P > 0.05). Most important, the optimal dietary methionine level of pre‐adult blunt snout bream should be 0.74–0.76% of the diet (2.24–2.30% of dietary protein).  相似文献   

20.
This study evaluated the effects of feeding pigs low protein (LP) diets for different lengths of time after weaning on indices of protein fermentation, the incidence of postweaning diarrhoea (PWD), growth performance, and total-tract apparent digestibility. Sixty weaner pigs weighing 6.1 +/- 0.13 kg (mean +/- SEM) were used in a completely randomised design having five treatments: (i) a high protein diet (HP, 243 g/kg CP) fed for 14 d after weaning (HP14); (ii) a low protein diet (LP, 173 g CP/kg) fed for 5 d after weaning (LP5); (iii) LP diet fed for 7 d after weaning (LP7); (iv) LP diet fed for 10 d after weaning (LP10), and (v) LP diet fed for 14 d after weaning (LP14). All diets were supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan and threonine, with all LP diets additionally fortified with crystalline isoleucine and valine to conform to a proposed ideal amino acid (AA) pattern. A second-stage diet (215 g CP/kg) was fed to pigs at the conclusion of each treatment. None of the diets contained antimicrobial compounds. Feeding a LP diet, regardless of duration of feeding, decreased plasma urea nitrogen (p < 0.001) and faecal ammonia-nitrogen (p < 0.001) contents. Feeding a LP diet, irrespective of feeding duration, decreased the incidence of PWD at day 8 after weaning (p = 0.044), and pigs fed diets LP7, LP010 and LP14 had firmer faeces (p = 0.030, p = 0.047 and p = 0.007, respectively) between days 10 and 12 after weaning. Treatments LP5, LP7, LP10 and LP14 did not reduce (p > 0.05) growth performance up to 106 days after weaning compared to pigs fed the HP diet. Total-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy and crude protein were similar (p > 0.05) between treatments. Our data suggest that feeding a LP diet, supplemented with AA to conform to an ideal AA pattern, for 7-10 days after weaning can reduce PWD in pigs fed antibiotic-free diets without compromising production.  相似文献   

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