生长调节物质对西洋参种胚生理后熟的影响（简报）

正交试验结果表明,经２００ｍｇ／ＬＧＡ３浸泡３６ｈ后于低温下处理２０ｄ的西洋参裂口种子可完成生理后熟,６－ＢＡ效果次之,ＩＢＡ次之,ＩＢＡ无效。２００ｍｇ／Ｌ６＝ＢＡ＋２００ｍｇ／ＬＧＡ３,２００ＭＧ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋１００ｍｇ／ＬＧＡ３,２００ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋５０ｍｇ／ＬＧＡ３浸泡３６ｈ后置于室温下不再作低温处理,其形态后熟种子也可萌发。     

南川升麻种子休眠与萌发的研究

南川升麻（ＣｉｍｉｃｉｆｕｇａｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｉａｏ）的种子自然脱落时尚处于球形胚发育阶段,需要长时间的越冬过程才能完成胚的后熟。室内采用低温湿润或不同浓度的ＧＡ３处理,可以不同程度地加快其胚的后熟过程。休眠种子用０．１ｇ／ＬＧＡ３处理１周后,在低温（１～５℃）湿润条件下存放约９０ｄ,萌发率可达到７０％以上。     

墨兰及其杂种的组织培养与快速繁殖

针对墨兰及其杂种常规分株繁殖慢、种子在自然状况下极难萌发的情况,以仙殿白墨及其它与象牙白、西藏虎头兰杂交所得的杂种的胚,仙殿白墨与其杂种Ｆ１代的茎尖、花芽、幼叶、根进行离体培养。结果表明,胚培养以１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％椰子汁培养基萌发效果较好,发育到一定时期的早期胚即能萌发;茎尖、花芽培养在ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０５％活性炭培养基上诱导原球茎比较适合,根与幼叶离体培养未诱导出原球茎;根状茎增殖在以花宝一号、花宝二号、蛋白胨等为主要原料并附加０５％活性炭的自制Ｇ３培养基上长得粗壮且繁殖速度快;根状茎出芽诱导在Ｂ５＋６－ＢＡ２～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０５％活性炭培养基上效果最好;生根壮苗以１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％苹果汁＋１０％香蕉汁＋１０％活性炭培养基能达到较理想的效果;蔗糖浓度生根培养时以２％较佳,其它培养以３％较好。仙殿白墨杂交种的胚萌发率比仙殿白墨略低,萌发期略长;但其花芽与茎尖的原球茎诱导、根状体增殖、根状茎出芽、生根壮苗培养、生长势、抗逆性等方面均具有杂种优势。     

镧对马尾松苗的根系生长和IAA含量的影响

在０．１～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ硝酸镧的Ｈｏａｇｌａｎｄ培养液中,马尾松（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＬａｍｂ．）截根苗的侧根数目明显增加,为对照的１．７５～３．７５倍;根的鲜重、干重显著提高,增幅达３３．７％～４６．４％;根系还原力也提高１３．５％～２８．５％。根长仅在０．０５～０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的低浓度下比对照有所增加,在浓度高于１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,根长只有对照的５３．３％。侧根内的游离态ＩＡＡ含量随溶液中镧的浓度增加而相应增加,ＩＡＡ氧化酶的活性则相应降低。硝酸镧处理对该苗地上部的促进效应不如根部显著。     

花生种子萌发过程中胚轴多胺氧化酶的活性变化

研究花生（Ａｒａｃｈｉｓｈｙｐｏｇａｅａ）种子萌发过程中胚轴多胺氧化酶（ＰＡＯ）的活性变化及其与种子萌发的关系表明：胚轴中的ＰＡＯ活性是在种子萌发过程中逐渐形成的,而黑暗条件更有利于该酶的活性形成;放线菌素Ｄ（１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、环己酰亚胺（１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）处理对种子萌发的抑制率分别为２６．３％和８７．３％,对胚轴ＰＡＯ活性的抑制率分别为４１．１％和９４．０％,显示胚轴中的ＰＡＯ很可能参与花生种子的萌发过程,且其ｍＲＮＡ在种子发育过程中已合成并贮存于种子中,萌发时ＰＡＯ活性的出现主要是由于这些ｍＲＮＡ转译合成了ＰＡＯ。     

盐生杜氏藻甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶的分离纯化及其特性的研究

利用ＰＥＧ分级,ＤＥＡＥ离子交换层析,ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ拟亲和层析,ＭｏｎｏＱ离子交换层析等手段,分离纯化盐生杜氏藻（Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌａｓａｌｉｎａ（Ｄｕｎａｌ）Ｔｅｏｄ．）甘油三磷酸（Ｇ３Ｐ）脱氢酶（ＥＣ１．１．１．８）,得到比活为１２．６Ｕ／ｍｇ的电泳纯的酶,并对此酶的生化特性进行了研究。４％～２０％非变性聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳测得全酶分子量约为２７０ｋＤ,ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ表明该酶只有一种分子量约为６５ｋＤ的亚基,据此推测该酶应为同四聚体。酶催化磷酸二羟丙酮（ＤＨＡＰ）还原的最适ｐＨ值为７．５,催化Ｇ３Ｐ脱氢的最适ｐＨ值为１０。该酶对４个底物还原型辅酶Ⅰ（ＮＡＤＨ）,二磷酸吡啶核苷酸（ＤＨＡＰ）,辅酶Ⅰ（ＮＡＤ）,Ｇ３Ｐ的表观Ｋｍ值分别为６３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,２７２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,１．５３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,６．５２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该酶在保存过程中易失活。ＮＡＤＨ能降低酶失活的速度,而ＮＡＤ则不然。低浓度ＮａＣｌ对酶略有保护作用,但高浓度ＮａＣｌ加快酶的失活,且浓度越高效应越明显。     

苹果花芽孕育机理的探讨

花芽孕育期,以环剥、多效唑＋环剥和ＧＡ３处理“红富士”苹果树,成花效应以多效唑＋环剥处理为最高（＋６８４％）。花芽孕育起动时,促花处理的短枝顶芽内ＩＡＡ、ＺＲ含量和ＩＡＡ／ＧＡｓ、ＺＲ／ＧＡｓ的比值均明显提高。在花芽孕育完成过程中,促花处理的短枝叶内淀粉含量、Ｃ／Ｎ比,芽内ＺＲ、ＩＡＡ含量和ＺＲ／ＧＡｓ明显提高,ＧＡｓ则明显下降。     

加快橦棕种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

Ｄｏｎｇ棕种子萌发和幼苗生长十分缓慢,为了探索加快了萌发和细菌生长的方法,对Ｄｏｎｇ棕种子进行不同处理、不同时间催芽和催芽后不同处理等试验,结果表明：⑴生长调节剂３号ＡＢＴ生根粉、吲哚丁酸和２,４－Ｄ可提高种子萌发率,促进幼苗生长。⑵播种前催芽可促使种子提前萌发,延长幼苗生长期,使当年生苗更粗壮;贮藏３个月后催芽可提高１０％－１５％的发芽率。⑶催芽后用５０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的３号ＡＢＴ生根粉     

生长调节物质对紫杉醇和紫杉烷类化合物合成的调控作用

植物生长调节物质不但控制细胞分裂,也影响着紫杉醇或紫杉烷类化合物的合成,５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ、１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ有利于紫杉愈伤组织的生长。随着ＢＡ深度伯提高,愈伤组织的增长率明显下降但是,其紫杉醇含量却有所增加。ＢＡ与ＮＡＡ的比例在有利于１０－去乙酰浆果赤霉素Ⅲ合成,添加高浓度ＧＡ５和ＣＣＣ均掏紫杉愈伤组织的生长,２ｍｇ／ＬＧＡ３、１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＣＣＣ有利于紫杉醇的合成。     

深黄被孢霉发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的研究

以深黄色被孢霉ＡＳ３．３４１０（ＭｏｒｔｉｅｒｅａｌｌａｉｓｄｂｅｌｌｉｎａＡｓ３．３４１０）的变异株Ｍ６为出发菌株,γ－亚麻酸含量２１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。经紫外线和微波处理得到变异株Ｍ６－２２,摇瓶发酵γ－亚麻酸含量１１８１ｍｇ／Ｌ,２００升发酵罐发酵γ－亚麻酸含量达到１３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,对２００升罐发酵的后提取工艺进行了研究,以乙醇和正己烷分步抽提效果最好,脲素包合法的实验结果表明,在７０～７５℃,３ｈ     

Study of lanthanum on seed germination and growth of rice

A study of lanthanum nitrate on the seed germination and the growth of rice was conducted. The results of this experiment indicate that soaking in a proper concentration of La(NO3)3 could accelerate the germination of the rice seeds, significantly increase seed vigor and chlorophyll contents, and improve root growth. Because during the soaking stage with La(NO3)3 the absorbed water and imbibition process of the rice seeds was quickened, the plasma membrane permeability of the seeds was increased, O2 and H2O were easier to get into the cell, and the respiratory rate was enhanced. During the germination stage, La(NO3)3 could enhance the activities of alpha-amylase, proteinase, lipase, and other hydrolytic enzymes and the contents of plant hormones, such as IAA, GAs, CTK, and so forth, except ABA contents, changed little.     

硝酸镧提高黑麦草种子活力和幼苗生物量的生理效应

研究了不同浓度硝酸镧对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响及其生理生化变化。结果表明,低浓度硝酸镧（1000mg·L^-1）处理能够提高黑麦草种子的活力和萌发种子的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及IAA、GA和CTK含量;促进幼苗光合速率提高和干物质积累,这可能与硝酸镧提高幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿体希尔反应活力,促进光合电子传递和磷酸化反应及激活Rubisco羧化活性、PEP羧化酶活性有密切关系,其中以30mg．L^-1浓度处理的效果最佳;高浓度硝酸镧（70-100mg·L-1）处理则降低种子活力和抑制幼苗生长。而10-100mg．L-1硝酸镧对种子的萌发率、ABA含量和Rubisco的加氧活性影响不大。由此可见,低浓度硝酸镧可通过参与萌发和光合过程的调控提高黑麦草种子的活力,促进幼苗生长。     

LaCl3对水稻幼苗生长、两种酶的活性及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

用不同浓度的ＬａＣｌ３处理水稻种子,结果表明,当ＬａＣｌ３浓度在０．１～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时可提高发芽率,促进幼苗生长、根尖细胞有丝分裂指数明显上升,过氧化物酶和吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性下降。但随ＬａＣｌ３浓度提高,则抑制幼苗生长,细胞有丝分裂减缓,两种酶活性均增加。且随浓度提高,其作用效果急剧加大。     

Study on the mechanism of cerium nitrate effects on germination of aged rice seed

Attempts were made to promote germination of naturally and artificially aged rice seeds by treating them with cerium nitrate. The germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of aged rice seed were significantly increased by cerium. It was because the treatments of aged rice seed with cerium nitrate enhanced respiratory rate and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and decreased superoxide O₂ ⁻ and malondialdehyde contents that plasma membrane permeability was reduced. It was suggested that cerium be used for the seed treatment before sowing.     

不同成熟度对水稻种子萌发及其生理特性的影响

对抽穗后15、20、25、30和35d不同成熟度的水稻种子的萌发情况及其生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,随着种子成熟度增加,种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数逐渐提高,种子中过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、脱氢酶和淀粉酶的活性、可溶性蛋白质和脱落酸（ABA）含量呈现上升趋势,抽穗后30d达最大值,稍后有所下降,而种子的可溶性糖、赤酶素（GA3）和生长素（IAA）含量则呈现下降趋势。在抽穗后15～35d,‘996’种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、4种酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、GA3和IAA含量均高于‘4628’种子的,而ABA含量则低于‘4628’种子。     

Effect of lanthanum on aged seed germination of rice

Attempts were made to promote germination of natural aged rice seeds by treating them with lanthanum nitrate. In tests to measure the germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of natural aged rice seeds were found to be significantly increased by lanthanum. It is treating aged rice seed with lanthanum nitrate that enhanced the respiratory rate and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and decreased superoxide and malondidehyde contents, and therefore reduced plasma membrane permeability. It suggests that lanthanum may be used to pretreat seed before sowing.     

LaCl3对水稻幼苗生长 两种酶的活性及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

用不同浓度的LaCl3处理水稻种子,结果表明,当LaCl3浓度在0.1～1.0 mg/L时可提高发芽率,促进幼苗生长、根尖细胞有丝分裂指数明显上升,过氧化物酶和吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性下降。但随LaCl3浓度提高,则抑制幼苗生长,细胞有丝分裂减缓,两种酶活性均增加。且随浓度提高,其作用效果急剧加大。     

Possible correlation between high temperature-induced floret sterility and endogenous levels of IAA,GAs and ABA in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

In order to explore the possible physiological mechanism of high temperature induced sterility in rice, we examined the floret sterility and endogenous plant growth regulator contents in pollens of two hybrid rice cultivars Shanyou63 and Teyou559 that are tolerant and susceptible to high temperature, respectively. Indexes of floret sterility, pollen activity, and variation of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acids (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), free proline and soluble proteins in anthers were measured. We found that during the course of high temperature treatment, both cultivars exhibited a marked decrease in pollen activity, pollen germination and floret fertility; however, the high temperature tolerant Shanyou63 showed a much slower rate of decrease than the high temperature susceptible Teyou559. In addition, anthers of both cultivars displayed a decrease in the contents of IAA, GAs, free proline and soluble proteins but an increase in the ABA content. Yet compared to Teyou559, Shanyou63 retained significantly higher levels of free praline and GAs and a lower level of ABA, along with higher pollen vigour and pollen germination rate even after prolonged high temperature treatment. Our study suggests a possible correlation between pollen viability/floret sterility and high temperature-caused changes in IAA, GAs, ABA, free proline and soluble protein contents. The severity in these changes may reflect the variation of rice cultivars in their heat stress sensitivities for floret development.     

GA_3对老化花椰菜种子活力和几种相关生理生化性状的影响

用10、50、100、150和200mg·L-15种浓度赤霉素（GA3）溶液处理于10℃冰箱中贮藏5年的花椰菜老化种子。结果表明,100mg·L-1GA3浸种22h的效果最佳,老化种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、根长均有提高,畸形苗率下降;过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脱氢酶活性提高,可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量也提高,种子浸出液的电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量则下降。另外,100mg·L-1GA3处理后的种子在温度为25℃条件下贮藏时间不宜超过25d。