壳聚糖载黄芪多糖纳米粒调节糖尿病小鼠免疫功能

研究低分散度壳聚糖载黄芪多糖纳米粒(LCA)对糖尿病(DM)小鼠免疫功能的影响。注射链脲佐菌素与环磷酰胺混合试剂建立DM合并免疫力低下小鼠模型,酶法制备低分散度壳聚糖,离子交联法制备低分散度壳聚糖纳米粒,超声包埋黄芪多糖制备药物对昆明小鼠灌胃,每天1次,连续30 d。ELISA法检测小鼠血清Ig M、Ig G与INF-γ的含量,碳粒廓清法测定非特异性免疫功能,耳肿胀法检测迟发型变态反应,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖率以反映细胞免疫功能。结果显示灌胃350 mg/(kg·d)LCA显著提高血清Ig M、Ig G的分泌,显著降低INF-γ表达量,增强碳粒廓清率,提高小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH),改善脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。适当剂量的低分散度壳聚糖载黄芪多糖纳米粒能提高DM小鼠体液免疫、非特异性免疫及细胞免疫功能,且效果优于纯黄芪多糖。     

蜜环菌菌索多糖的免疫增强作用研究

研究了野生蜜环菌菌索多糖(polysaccharide from the rhizomorph of Armillaria mellea,AMP)对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明对小鼠分别灌胃(ig)剂量为100、200、300mg/kg·d的AMP均能增加小鼠体重、改变免疫器官重量、抵抗环磷酰胺(CY)对小鼠外周血白细胞数量的影响.实验显示灌胃AMP能提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞系统的吞噬功能,增强小鼠迟发型变态反应,促进溶血素的生成.上述结果表明AMP能增强机体免疫功能.     

一种双歧杆菌胞外多糖免疫调节功能研究

根据保健食品功能评价规范?功能学评价程序研究一种双歧杆菌胞外多糖(Bifidobacterium spp. exopolysaccharide, EPS)的免疫调节功能。通过脾淋巴细胞增殖反应、绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)、血清溶血素测定以及巨噬细胞吞噬实验探讨该EPS的免疫调节活性。EPS分别以高、中、低剂量组连续口服给药10天, 结果发现低剂量的EPS[100 mg/(kg·d)]可以促进脾淋巴细胞增殖; 高、中、低剂量对绵羊红细胞诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应均无促进作用; 但是, EPS 高、中、低剂量组均能明显提高小鼠血清半数溶血值HC50以及增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬能力。根据规范可知, 该双歧杆菌EPS 具有一定的免疫调节活性。     

羊肚菌免疫调节作用研究

观察DNFB诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素测定（血凝法）、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验,结果表明,羊肚菌可以促进小鼠细胞免疫功能提高液免疫功能,促进小鼠体内抗体的产生,具有增强小鼠腹巨噬功能,是一种比较有效的免疫调节剂。     

卡介苗溶菌黏膜免疫调理剂对激活荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的研究

观察卡介苗溶菌黏膜免疫调理剂对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的激活。将SPF小鼠分组后用黑色素瘤B16和肝癌实体瘤H22感染,随后以灌胃途径引入本调理剂,分别发现它能促进荷瘤小鼠血清溶菌酶含量上升和T细胞介导的迟发型变态反应增强。试验结果表明,卡介苗溶菌黏膜免疫调理剂对荷瘤小鼠有升高其血清溶菌酶含量和增强迟发型变态反应的作用。     

马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文探讨马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。马齿苋采用水提醇沉法得到马齿苋多糖,分别以50、100、200mg／kg通过腹腔给药10d,观察马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对小鼠淋巴细胞转化功能、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力、白介素-l（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）生成量的影响。结果显示,马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率分别为16．92％、51．45％和64．96％。不同剂量马齿苋多糖与对照组相比可明显促进淋巴细胞的转化、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,可有效的增加荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力以及白介素-1（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）的分泌。说明马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制与增强小鼠免疫作用有关。     

灵芝孢子粉免疫调节作用研究

观察DNFB诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素测定（血凝法）、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验,结果表明,灵芝了粉可以促进小鼠细胞免疫功能提高体液免疫功能,促进小鼠体内抗体的产生,具有增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,是一种比较有效的免疫调节剂。     

灵芝多糖对小鼠细胞免疫功能调节作用的实验研究

研究灵芝多糖 (GLB7)对小鼠细胞免疫功能调节作用的影响。实验小鼠分成 4组 ,分别经胃灌注不同剂量 (高、中、低 )灵芝多糖 ,每天 1次 ,连续 14d ,对照组小鼠用以等量蒸馏水代替。分别于实验第 15 ,2 8d进行小鼠细胞免疫功能调节作用的测试。灵芝多糖喂药后 2周 ,3个剂量组小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡血红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数 ;低剂量组小鼠迟发型变态反应 (DTH)、小鼠碳廓清 ;高剂量组小鼠NK细胞活性和对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。喂药后 4周 :上述实验结果和对照组比较均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结果提示灵芝多糖能提高小鼠的非特异性和特异性细胞免疫功能。     

千斤拔多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

为研究千斤拔多糖对正常及免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,该研究选用SPF级BALB/c小鼠,免疫抑制小鼠采用隔天皮下注射环磷酰胺(40 mg·kg~(-1))5次,通过测定脾脏、胸腺质量及计算脏器指数,采用碳粒廓清法计算单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能,在鸡红细胞免疫后测定小鼠血清溶血素抗体水平,同时观察高、低剂量千斤拔多糖(剂量分别为500、1 000 kg·d~(-1))对正常小鼠及免疫低下小鼠免疫调节的影响。结果表明:千斤拔多糖高、低剂量组对正常及免疫低下小鼠均有不同程度的增加脾脏指数、胸腺指数的作用;千斤拔多糖高、低剂量组对正常及免疫低下小鼠均能提高廓清指数,但没有统计学意义;千斤拔多糖高剂量组对正常及免疫低下小鼠的血清溶血素抗体水平都有显著性提高。这说明千斤拔多糖能有效提高正常及免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

球花石斛多糖免疫调节作用的研究

本研究目的为评价球花石斛多糖对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。球花石斛采用碱提醇沉法得到球花石斛多糖,分别以400、600、800mg/kg小鼠灌胃给药连续10d。通过免疫器官重量检测,碳廓清试验,脾脏T、B淋巴细胞转化试验来观察其对免疫功能的影响。结果显示低、中剂量组的脾脏指数与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),中、高剂量组的吞噬指数、校正吞噬指数和B淋巴细胞增殖能力与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),表明球花石斛多糖可显著增加脾脏重量,增强巨噬细胞的碳廓清能力和B淋巴细胞的增殖能力。提示球花石斛多糖具有免疫增强作用,是一种良好的免疫调节剂。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.