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1.
百合珠芽与鳞茎营养成分及活性成分研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对百合珠芽及鳞茎的营养成分及活性成分进行了分析和比较。采用国标法对百合珠芽及鳞茎的营养成分进行了分析;采用比色法对百合珠芽及鳞茎的活性成分进行了分析。基本营养成分分析表明,与百合鳞茎相比,百合珠芽中粗纤维和粗脂肪含量具有显著性差异(P0.05),粗脂肪含量低,粗纤维含量高,总糖、粗蛋白和灰分含量无显著性差异;元素分析结果表明,百合珠芽和鳞茎富含多种营养元素,其中钾含量较高,分别为1 943.52 mg/100g(DW)和2 026.15 mg/100g(DW);氨基酸分析表明,百合珠芽及鳞茎中氨基酸组成基本一致,脯氨酸含量最高,分别为2 260 mg/100g(DW)和2 010 mg/100g(DW);活性成分分析结果表明,与百合鳞茎相比,百合珠芽中总酚、总黄酮、生物碱及皂苷含量具有显著性差异(P0.05),珠芽中总酚、总黄酮及皂苷含量高,生物碱含量低,珠芽及鳞茎中总酚含量分别为1 025.86 mg/100g(DW)和875.52 mg/100g(DW)。百合珠芽和鳞茎皆营养丰富,从资源开发利用与营养学角度分析,百合珠芽具有重要的开发价值与应用前景。  相似文献   

2.
该研究以兰州百合商品种球鳞片为外植体材料,通过组织培养诱导丛生芽萌发及高频增殖,再以丛生芽为材料诱导其发育形成小鳞茎,调节培养基对小鳞茎进行膨大发育培养,最终形成促进兰州百合组培鳞茎膨大发育的"三步"组培培养技术路线;对发育过程中形成的丛生芽、小鳞茎及膨大鳞茎进行淀粉含量测定与生长特征参数统计,分析各步培养对鳞茎形成发育过程中淀粉含量与形态变化的影响。结果表明:所建立的"三步"培养方案培育出的组培鳞茎直径、重量与鳞片数分别为1.66 cm、2.48 g和26.33片,有效地促进了鳞茎的膨大,并能诱导鳞茎主茎杆的形成发育;在培养进程中其淀粉含量呈现逐步增加的趋势,这表明与鳞茎膨大发育正相关,同时鳞茎大小、重量及鳞片数三者也表现为正相关性;当鳞茎所含鳞片数在26片以上时,其生长点易发育形成主茎杆。该文研究了兰州百合组培鳞茎的形成与膨大发育技术,所研发的"三步"培养组成的鳞茎膨大发育组培技术有效地促进了鳞茎的膨大发育,而膨大发育的鳞茎能有效地缩短田间生长周期,从时间上提高百合生产量,同时为实现兰州百合膨大的鳞茎种球规模化生产提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

3.
该研究以兰州百合商品种球鳞片为外植体材料,通过组织培养诱导丛生芽萌发及高频增殖,再以丛生芽为材料诱导其发育形成小鳞茎,调节培养基对小鳞茎进行膨大发育培养,最终形成促进兰州百合组培鳞茎膨大发育的“三步”组培培养技术路线;对发育过程中形成的丛生芽、小鳞茎及膨大鳞茎进行淀粉含量测定与生长特征参数统计,分析各步培养对鳞茎形成发育过程中淀粉含量与形态变化的影响。结果表明:所建立的“三步”培养方案培育出的组培鳞茎直径、重量与鳞片数分别为1.66 cm、2.48 g和26.33片,有效地促进了鳞茎的膨大,并能诱导鳞茎主茎杆的形成发育;在培养进程中其淀粉含量呈现逐步增加的趋势,这表明与鳞茎膨大发育正相关,同时鳞茎大小、重量及鳞片数三者也表现为正相关性;当鳞茎所含鳞片数在26片以上时,其生长点易发育形成主茎杆。该文研究了兰州百合组培鳞茎的形成与膨大发育技术,所研发的“三步”培养组成的鳞茎膨大发育组培技术有效地促进了鳞茎的膨大发育,而膨大发育的鳞茎能有效地缩短田间生长周期,从时间上提高百合生产量,同时为实现兰州百合膨大的鳞茎种球规模化生产提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

4.
采用纸片琼脂扩散法测定了宜昌百合、岷江百合及兰州百合鳞茎甲醇提取物对革兰氏阳性细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性细菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)的抑制活性,并对3种百合鳞茎提取物的含量与抑菌活性进行了剂量-效应关系分析。结果表明:3种百合鳞茎提取物对4种细菌均具有抑制活性,对革兰氏阳性细菌的抑菌活性高于对革兰氏阴性细菌的抑菌活性,且宜昌百合和岷江百合两种野生百合鳞茎提取物的抑菌活性均高于普通食用的兰州百合;3种百合鳞茎提取物的含量与抑菌活性之间存在明显的剂量-效应关系,即随着提取物含量的升高,抑菌活性明显升高。  相似文献   

5.
兰州百合鳞茎发育及低温解除休眠过程中内源激素的变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以兰州百合为试材,研究了鳞茎发育过程中以及2、6、10℃条件下保湿贮藏101 d内母鳞茎与新鳞茎中内源激素的变化。结果表明:鳞茎发育过程中内源ABA含量以及母鳞茎的GA3与ZR含量增加,而内源IAA含量以及新鳞茎的GA3与ZR含量下降。低温贮藏期间,母鳞茎与新鳞茎的GA3、IAA含量均有升高过程,而ABA含量呈下降趋势;新鳞茎的ZR含量呈下降趋势,母鳞茎的ZR含量也有升高过程。低温处理初期的34 d内,内源激素变化最为显著。不同贮藏温度相比较,ABA含量差异不大,GA3含量随温度升高而下降。在富含淀粉的新鳞茎中,GA3和ABA表现出极显著的负相关关系,而在淀粉含量较低的母鳞茎中GA3和ABA无相关性。通径分析结果表明,母鳞茎与新鳞茎的物质代谢机制不同,母鳞茎的物质变化受内源GA3的调控,新鳞茎主要是ABA作用的结果。  相似文献   

6.
在栽植前采用0(CK)、60、120和180 mg·L-16-BA、GA3和乙烯利对石蒜〔Lycoris radiata(L’Hér.)Herb.〕和换锦花(L.sprengeri Comes ex Baker)鳞茎进行浸球处理,对花芽分化期内(4月至7月)石蒜和换锦花鳞茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和核酸含量的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明:在花芽分化期内,随时间的推移,对照组石蒜和换锦花鳞茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和核酸含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,并在6月25日(心皮分化期)或7月10日(雌蕊分化期)达到最高值。经60、120和180 mg·L-16-BA、GA3和乙烯利浸球处理后,石蒜和换锦花鳞茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和核酸含量在花芽分化期内先逐渐增加,至6月25日或达到峰值后开始下降或继续升高;但与对照相比,随时间的推移,石蒜鳞茎中可溶性糖含量总体上有不同程度的增加,而换锦花鳞茎中可溶性糖含量或高或低无规律性的变化,但各处理组石蒜和换锦花鳞茎中可溶性糖含量均与对照间有差异;可溶性蛋白质含量在进入花原基形成期(5月10日)后始终维持在较高的水平;核酸含量在花芽分化期的前期维持在较低的水平,在雌蕊分化期迅速增加...  相似文献   

7.
百合鳞茎发育过程中碳水化合物含量及淀粉酶活性变化   总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28  
以兰州百合和亚洲系"精粹"百合为试材,探讨了鳞茎发育过程中不同部位淀粉、可溶性糖含量和淀粉酶活性的变化.结果表明,母鳞茎作为百合萌发阶段的代谢源,其外部鳞片是代谢更为活跃的部位.淀粉和可溶性糖含量同时增加是百合新鳞茎开始膨大的标志.蔗糖是百合鳞茎中可溶性糖的主要形态,还原糖的变化体现了碳水化合物的供应及转化.淀粉酶在百合鳞茎发育过程中对调节和平衡碳水化合物的形态起重要作用.  相似文献   

8.
依据不同熟性黄皮洋葱鳞茎生长曲线将鳞茎形成过程划分为膨大开始期、迅速膨大期、膨大停止期,并对其鳞茎形成过程中生理生化特性进行了研究。结果表明,不同熟性的品种鳞茎迅速膨大期与叶片迅速增加期存在着不同步现象。相同熟性的品种,不同器官中可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性变化趋势基本相同,其中根部POD活性最高,其变化可能与洋葱熟性有关;叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量较高,且不同熟性的品种其变化趋势相同。  相似文献   

9.
以中国石蒜(Lycoris chinensis)与石蒜(Lycoris radiata)为材料,研究其生长发育期鳞茎可溶性糖、蛋白质含量及POD活性的变化。结果表明,在花芽分化前期,2种石蒜鳞茎可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均增加,并出现峰值,但从花芽分化后期直到花期结束,可溶性糖含量均持续下降;在花期,2种石蒜鳞茎可溶性蛋白质含量均处于高水平,花谢后明显下降;石蒜展叶期间鳞茎可溶性蛋白质含量明显增加,而中国石蒜花谢后可溶性蛋白质含量处于低水平。在花芽分化前期,2种石蒜鳞茎POD活性呈直线上升,但后期POD活性略有降低;花期后,2种石蒜鳞茎POD活性出现短暂的低谷,随后随着气温的降低而出现一致性上升。  相似文献   

10.
为比较不同地区铁皮石斛品质差异,简化铁皮石斛品质的评价指标,以引进的30个铁皮石斛材料为试材,测定了假鳞茎长度等14项指标,利用性状变异分析明确不同地区间铁皮石斛品质的差异,相关性分析探索指标间的关系,结合主成分分析和聚类分析对铁皮石斛的评价指标进行简化。结果表明,铁皮石斛的14项指标中,除含水率变异系数最小,其余13项指标的变异系数均在10%以上;假鳞茎长度和假鳞茎直径、节数、叶片宽度,假鳞茎直径和节数、叶片宽度,节数和叶片宽度、叶片形状,节距和叶片长度,叶片宽度与叶片形状,假鳞茎姿态和叶先端形状有极显著正相关,节距和叶片形状有极显著负相关,多糖和含水率与其它指标无显著相关,醇溶性浸出物含量仅与叶片长度有显著正相关;结合主成分分析和聚类分析,13项铁皮石斛品质指标可以简化为5项,即假鳞茎长度(或假鳞茎直径)、假鳞茎姿态、假鳞茎颜色、醇溶性浸出物含量和多糖含量。  相似文献   

11.
Regulation of energy balance in photosystems in response to extremely-high-CO2 (40%) and low-CO2 (0.04%) stress was studied in extremely-high-CO2-tolerant green microalgae, Chlorococcum littorale and Chlorella sp. UK001. To investigate the energy input process, we assessed an F714/F685-ratio in a 77K fluorescence emission spectrum induced by 440-nm excitation in intact cells, which represents a ratio of fluorescence intensities derived from light-harvesting chlorophyll complexes in PSI and PSII. The F714/F685-ratio increased in several days after transferring C. littorale cells from air to 40% CO2, from 3% to 40% CO2 and from 3% to air. In all cases, the increase in the F714/F685-ratio was observed in high cell density culture, but no or a little increase was apparent in sparse cell density culture, when these cultures were illuminated at 250 micromol photon m-2 s-1. Even in the sparse culture, however, a similar increase in the F714/F685-ratio was observed when C. littorale cells were transferred from 3% to 40% CO2 at 20 micromol photon m-2 s-1. The cell density did not affect the F714/F685-ratio when CO2 concentration was kept at 3%. The activity of PSI electron (e-) transport was much higher in 40% CO2-grown cells than in 3% CO2-grown cells irrespective of the cell density during the culture, whereas the difference in PSII activity between them was small. The PSI activity at high cell density was higher also in air-grown cells than that in 3% CO2-grown cells. In both dense and sparse culture, 40% CO2-grown cells and air-grown cells showed higher relative quantum yield of PSI in the presence of DCMU than 3% CO2-grown cells, suggesting an increase in cyclic electron flow around PSI. Likewise, the increase in the F714/F685-ratio in response to the transfer to 40% CO2 was observed also in another extremely-high-CO2-tolerant alga, Chlorella sp. UK001. The possible role of the increases in the F714/F685-ratio, PSI/PSII activity ratio and cyclic e- transport activity in extremely-high-CO2 acclimation is discussed in comparison with low-CO2 acclimation.  相似文献   

12.
Five fractions with lignin peroxidase activity were isolated by FPLC-Mono Q from a Streptomyces viridosporus culture. F4 and F5 showed the highest specific activity and degree of protein homogeneity by chromatofocusing, IEF- and gradient-PAGE. The individual analysis of F4 and F5 by FPLC-Superdex 75, showed MW that were multiples to each other (68,000; 23,000; 12,000), although by SDS PAGE a sole MW of 13,500 was obtained, indicating a monomer based structure. The amino-acid composition of F5 showed absence of sulfur amino acids.  相似文献   

13.
Role of F1F0-ATPase in the growth of streptococcus mutans GS5   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The role of F1F0-ATPase in Streptococcus mutans GS5 was investigated by isolating a mutant (NTS1) defective in enzyme activity by homologous recombination with a plasmid encoding the 5' terminal fragment of the F1F0-ATPase beta-subunit gene. The ATPase activity of NTS1 membranes was 49% that of GS5 membranes. The lag phase of the growth curve of NTS1 was longer than that for GS5, and the lag phase of GS5 and NTS1 were prolonged by the addition of ionophore gramicidin D; at stationary phase, the turbidity of the NTS1 culture was less than that of the GS5 culture. These results suggest that S. mutans F1F0-ATPase contributes to the generation of a stoichiometric electrogenic gradient effectively in the lag phase.  相似文献   

14.
从广西大学食用菌废弃料中分离出7株絮凝剂产生菌,以发酵液对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果为指标衡量其絮凝活性及产絮凝剂能力,经过初筛与复筛,筛选到一株絮凝剂高产菌F00,初步确定属曲霉属(Aspergillus),并对其产生絮凝剂的条件进行优化.  相似文献   

15.
The increase of Mg2+, from 1.3 to 3 microM, in growth medium of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum increased intracellular magnesium levels from 0.83 and 0.81 microM to 1.75 and 1.42 microM on the 12th day, respectively. Intracellular magnesium levels also elevated depending upon the number of incubation days. The maximum manganese levels of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum obtained in 1.6 microM Mg2+ culture medium were 0.67 and 1.23 microM, while maximum iron levels were determined to be 1.3 microM Mg2+ as 0.51 and 0.29 microM, respectively. The maximum intracellular iron and manganese levels were decreased significantly with increasing Mg2+ concentration in the culture medium and were increased depending upon the incubation period. However, intracellular zinc levels of these strains didn't change with Mg2+ concentration and incubation period.The maximum superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum, related to increased intracellular manganese levels up to 1.6 microM Mg2+ in growth medium, were determined to be 78 and 110 IU/mg, respectively. CAT activity variations showed agreement with SOD activity and reached a maximum at 320 and 225 IU/mg under the same conditions. The minimum LPO levels of the Fusarium strains with the maximum MnSOD and CAT activities were determined as 1.2 and 0.9 nmol MDA/g., wet weight. The higher LPO level of F. equiseti grown at the same condition, in spite of 1.42-fold higher CAT activity due to the 1.41-fold lower SOD activity, as well as a 2.0-fold higher iron level, indicated increases in the generation of reactive oxygen species via the Fenton reaction.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Mesenchymal cell lines derived from fetal rat urogenital sinus organ cultures have been characterized to establish an in vitro system for addressing growth and differentiation regulatory factors involved in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during prostate morphogenesis. A continuous cell line was developed and designated U4F. Immunocytochemical analysis showed vimentin intermediate filament content confirming a mesenchymal origin. Previous studies with urogenital sinus organ cultures have reported the expression of a negative growth activity, which is stimulatory to protein synthesis and secretion and alters phenotypic morphology of NBT-II bladder epithelial cells. Subconfluent and confluent U4F monolayers did not produce this growth inhibitory activity. Foci of stacked cells were observed 3 wk postconfluency, which evolved into multicellular spheroids. The negative growth activity was expressed in the conditioned medium coordinate with spheroid formation. Transplanted spheroids continued to express the growth inhibitory activity. Morphologic analysis of spheroids showed a cellular capsule and a core of extracellular matrix. A continuous cell strain (U4F1) with altered phenotypic properties, arose spontaneously from long-term U4F cultures. The U4F1 cell strain did not form spheroids, yet expressed the negative growth activity constitutively in monolayer culture. Analyses of physicochemical, immunological, and biological properties showed the activity is identical in conditioned media from urogenital sinus organ cultures, U4F spheroids, and U4F1 monolayers. Based on the combined properties, this activity cannot be ascribed to previously characterized negative growth factors. The establishment of this mesenchymal cell culture system will aid in the further identification of paracrine-acting growth and differentiation regulatory factors secreted by fetal mesenchyme.  相似文献   

17.
Fibrobacter succinogenes produces an alpha-glucuronidase which cleaves 4-O-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid from birch wood 4-O-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronoxylan. Very low levels of alpha-glucuronidase activity were detected in extracellular enzyme preparations of F. succinogenes on birch wood xylan substrate. The release of 4-O-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid was enhanced when the birch wood xylan substrate was predigested by either a purified Schizophyllum commune xylanase or a cloned F. succinogenes S85 xylanase. These data suggest that the alpha-glucuronidase is unable to cleave 4-O-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid from intact xylan but can act on unique low-molecular-weight glucuronoxylan fragments created by the cloned F. succinogenes xylanase. The cloned xylanase presumably must account for a small proportion of the indigenous xylanase activity of F. succinogenes cultures, since this xylanase source does not support high glucuronidase activity. The alpha-glucuronidase and associated hemicellulolytic enzymes exhibited higher activities in culture fluid from cells grown on ball-milled barley straw than in that of cellulose-grown cells. The profile of xylanases separated by isoelectric focusing (zymogram) of culture filtrate from cells grown on barley straw was more complex than that of culture filtrates from cells grown on cellulose. These data demonstrate that F. succinogenes produces an alpha-glucuronidase with an exacting substrate specificity which enables extensive cleavage of glucuronic acid residues from xylan as a consequence of synergistic xylanase action.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of structure and concentration of surfactants on the biodegradation of fluoranthene, a three rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the aqueous phase, as well as their effects on the biodegradation and enzyme activity were investigated. The toxicity ranking of studied surfactants is: non-ionic Tween 80 <anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate <cationic Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The maximum growth of Armillaria sp. F022 (>4,500 mg/L) was showed by Tween 80 (10 mg/L) culture, manifesting that the non-ionic surfactant present in the culture were beneficial to the fungal growth. Laccase showed the highest enzymes activity in all surfactants culture. Non-ionic Tween 80 showed a significant result for laccase activity (1,902 U/L) in the Armillaria sp. F022 culture. The increased enzymes cumulative activity may stem directly from the rising fluoranthene biodegradability as addition of appropriate surfactants. The biotransformation of fluoranthene was greatly improved by Tween 80, and totally fluoranthene degradation was obtained as Tween 80 was 10 mg/L. Two fluoranthene metabolites were isolated from the culture medium and analyzed by a thin layer chromatography, UV visible spectrometer and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The oxidation of fluoranthene is initiated by oxygenation at the C-2,3 positions resulting 9-fluorenone. At the end of experiment, one metabolite was detected in the culture extract and identified as phthalic acid. Evidently, Armillaria sp. F022 seems efficient, high effective and deserves further application on the enhanced bioremediation technologies for the treatment of fluoranthene-contaminated soil.  相似文献   

19.
小鼠精原干细胞在三种培养基中的生长行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:建立小鼠精原干细胞(SSCs)的体外长期培养体系。方法:用分别添加了等量的胶质细胞源神经营养因子(GDNF)、可溶性GFRα1和hFGF的DMEM/F12、KSR和StemPro-34 SFM三种无血清培养基和MEF饲养层分别培养经差异贴壁分选富集的小鼠SSCs,通过形态观察、标志基因的RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学分析检测其SSCs本原。结果:DMEM/F12与KSR可支持小鼠SSCs在体外存活6-7d,而StemPro-34 SFM能能维持SSCs体外增值一个月。结论:StemPro-34 SFM支持小鼠SSCs的体外增殖。  相似文献   

20.
Enokipodins A, B, C, and D are α-cuparene-type sesquiterpenoids antimicrobial metabolites produced in the stationary stage of Flammulina velutipes mycelia development in malt extract broth. This study assessed the influence of nutritional and environmental factors on F. velutipes mycelia culture for the production of these metabolites. The mycelia growth and antimicrobial activity were assessed by determining dry matter and the diffusion in agar method, respectively. The best F. velutipes mycelia growth was observed in dextrose potato broth, and greater antimicrobial metabolite production occurred in complete Pontecorvo’s culture medium. Environmental modifications, such as a rise in temperature from 25° to 37°C on the 15th day of F. velutipes mycelia culture in malt extract and peptone broth, also optimized antimicrobial metabolite production. The metabolites produced in these treatments were correlated with the enokipodins A and B in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the antifungal activity test by TLC bioautography. This study showed that there was no correlation between biomass production and antimicrobial metabolite production, but there may be a correlation between culture medium composition and enokipodins biosynthesis.  相似文献   

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