LHRH—A2及无机离子促进草鱼脑垂体离体分泌GH的初步研究

用培养瓶（皿）培养法研究ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋对草鱼脑垂体器官分泌ＧＨ的影响。结果表明，１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１００ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１０００ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２都能显著促进ＧＨ的分泌；随着Ｃａ＾２＋浓度（０．１、１、３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的增高ＧＨ的分泌增强，在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ＾２＋条件下的ＧＨ分泌水平显著高于在０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ＾２＋条件下的ＧＨ分     

昆明白小鼠1细胞胚胎体外培养系统的研究

研究发现在有或者没有磷酸盐的条件下,葡萄糖均抑制昆明白小鼠ｌ－４细胞期胚胎的体外发 育。在不含葡萄糖和磷酸盐的ＨＥＣＭ－ｌ中,桑椹率为４０．０５％（７４／１６８）,而对照Ｇ－ＨＥＣＭ－１仅为 ８．１４％（７／８６）;不含葡萄糖含有磷酸盐的ＣＺＢ中,桑椹率为６７．１１％（９３／１５２）,而对照ＴＡＬＰ仅 ６· ６７％（６／９０）。用不含葡萄糖而含有１． ０ｍｍｏ１／Ｌ谷氨酸肢和０． １１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＥＤＴＡ的ＣＺＢ液,与兔输 卵管上皮单层培养细胞（ＲＯＥＣ）协同培养小鼠１细胞胚,７３．３３％（１１０／１５０）胚胎发育至桑椹胚, 但没有观察到囊胚形成、用上述ＣＺＨＲＯＥＣ系统培养小鼠１细胞胚４８小时（３－４细胞）,再移入 ＴＣＭ１９９＋１０％ＦＣＳ＋ＲＯＥＣ系统,有７６．７４％（６７／８６）胚胎发育至桑椹胚,９６／小时后,４０．７０％ （３５／８６）发育至囊胚。     

陆地棉胚性愈伤组织原生质体的制备,培养及植株再生

以陆地棉栽培品种“鲁棉６号”下胚轴的胚性愈伤组织为材料,制备并培养原生质体。采用继代培养７￣９ｄ、活力旺盛的胚性愈伤组织,在１％纤维素酶、１％果胶酶、０．７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＨ２ＰＯ４、２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ＾２＋、０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇、ｐＨ５．８、３０℃的条件下,具活力的原生质体得率最高。经分离纯化后,原生质体在含有０．４５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ葡萄糖的Ｋ３无机盐、ＮＴ有机物并附加０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,２,４－     

6—DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂启动及孤雌发育作用

小鼠卵泡卵母细胞体外培养过程中加入２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ可抑制卵母细胞自发的染色持浓缩和生发泡破裂（ＧＶＢＤ）。源自超排的ＭⅡ期卵母细胞则能为６－ＤＭＡＰ所激活。ｈＣＧ注射后１８－１９ｈ的卵母细胞置于２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ的ＣＺＢ溶液中培养０．５ｈ、１ｈ、２ｈ、３ｈ,卵母细胞的激活率分别为２６．１％、７５．２％、７５．８％、７７．３％、卵裂率分别为８８．２％、７３．２％、６７．０％、５８．     

蝴蝶兰根段的组织培养

１　植物名称　蝴蝶兰（ＰｈａｌａｅｎｏｐｓｉｓＭｅｌｌｅｒＧｏｌｄ“ＮＦＳ”）。２　材料类别　根段。３　培养条件　（１）愈伤组织的诱导及分化培养基：Ｂ５＋ＮＡＡ１．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＫＴ０．２＋ＣＭ１５０ｍｌ·Ｌ－１＋３％蔗糖;（２）原球茎增殖培养基：Ｂ５＋ＧＡ０．０５＋ＣＨ１２０＋３％蔗糖;（３）小苗生长培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋２０％香蕉泥＋２％蔗糖;（４）诱导生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．３＋２％蔗糖。上述培养基均加０．２％活性炭,０．５８％琼脂粉,ｐＨ为５．５;培养基在１２１℃高…     

大叶紫花苜蓿愈伤组织原生质体再生植株

大叶紫花苜蓿下胚轴诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养基上生长快速,易于分散。继代第１２ｄ的愈伤组织原生质体的得率为６．５×１０７／ｇ鲜重。原生质体培养基为ＳＨ基本培养基,含有１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－０、０．５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ、２．０ｇ／ＬＣＨ、２％蔗糖、６％葡萄糖、５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭＥＳ,培养密度为１．０×１０５／ｍＬ。培养至第１２ｄ时的原生质体再生细胞植板率为３．７％。由原生质体形成的小愈伤组织在含２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ的ＭＳ固体培养基上大量增殖。增殖的愈伤组织转移至２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２－ｉｐ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的Ｂ５培养基上,形成体细胞胚并发育成完整植株。     

小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞不完全失活的外向K~+电流的基本特性

采用膜片钳技术以全细胞方式在小鼠腹腔渗出巨噬细胞（ＰＥＭ）中记录到一种不完全失活的外向Ｋ＋电流（Ｉｏ）,该电流在膜电位正于－１０ｍＶ时激活,对Ｋ＋具有高度特异性,其半值电导电位Ｖ１／２为７９．５ｍＶ,在膜电位正于３０ｍＶ时,该电流失活,在６０－１２０ｍＶ的膜电位范围内,其失活时间常数τｉ与膜电位无关．随着胞外Ｋ＋离子浓度（［Ｋ＋］ｏ）升高,该电流的失活过程减慢。在生理电压范围内（－８０－０ｍＶ）,该电流缺乏稳态失活,且其失活不具有频率依赖性。胞外４－ＡＰ（３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、Ｂａ２＋（３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及ＴＥＡ（５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可抑制该电流,抑制率分别为８５％,６６％及３１％。胞外Ｚｎ２＋（１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可影响该电流活性,对该电流的抑制具有电压依赖性     

铝和铝＋钙对小麦幼苗根尖质膜,液泡膜微囊ATP酶和膜流动性？…

研究了铝和铝＋＿钙对小麦功苗根尖质膜、液泡膜微囊Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及共动力学参数和膜流动性的影响。在质膜和液泡膜微囊制剂中加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＩ＾３＋（ＡＩＣＩ３）时,Ｈ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ囊制剂中加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＩ＾３＋（ＡＩＣＩ３）时,Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活笥和酶促反应的Ｖｍａｘ及膜流动性下降,而酶     

乙肝病毒核衣壳启动子内三链DNA的形成

用电泳迁移分析方法研究了２１ｎｔ脱氧寡核苷酸Ｇ３ＴＧ２ＴＧＴ２Ｇ５ＴＧ２ＴＧＴ（ＣＰ１）与１２９ｂｐ的乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）核衣壳启动子（Ｃｐ）片段内一位点结合形成的三链ＤＮＡ的特异性及稳定性．在克隆有ＨＢＶ基因组的质粒ｐＣＰ１０的酶切产物中,ＣＰ１仅与含Ｃｐ的１２９ｂｐ片段结合．在２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇ２＋溶液中其解离常数（Ｋｄ）为１．４×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．不同离子稳定三链ＤＮＡ的效果依次为ｓｐ４＋（精胺）＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｚｎ２＋＞Ｎａ＋＞Ｋ＋,离子之间存在相互竞争作用．比ＣＰ１多一误配碱基的脱氧寡核苷酸Ｇ２ＴＧ２ＴＧＴＧ３ＴＧ２ＴＧ２ＴＧ２Ｔ（ＣＰ２）在２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇ２＋溶液中与Ｃｐ结合的Ｋｄ值约为ＣＰ１的１／７,而在６０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＋或５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＺｎ２＋溶液中检测不到它与Ｃｐ的结合,这进一步显示了三链ＤＮＡ形成的特异性．细胞的生理离子浓度被认为是：Ｓｐ４＋１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｍｇ２＋１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｋ＋１４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,因此,ＣＰ１在细胞内将能特异地与Ｃｐ结合并具有较好的稳定性．     

玉米根细胞中对钒酸盐敏感的H~＋－泵的研究

用奎吖咽（ｑｕｉｎａｃｒｉｎｅ）作荧光指标剂,测定玉米（ＺｅａｍａｙｓＬ．）根尖微粒体（ＭＩＣ）膜囊泡的Ｈ~＋－泵活性,结果表明１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＮ_３仅抑制该泵活性约８％,而０．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ钒酸盐（Ｖａｎ）则可抑制其活性达８０％,说明ＭＩＣ制剂中Ｈ~＋－泵活性主要由质膜（ＰＭ）Ｈ~＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ产生。此泵活性严格需要Ｍｇ~（２＋）,二价阳离子作用大小的顺序为Ｍｇ~（２＋）＞Ｍｎ~（２＋）＞Ｚｎ~（２＋）＞Ｃａ~（２＋）＝０;阴离子作用大小的１顺序为Ｂｒ~－＞Ｃｌ~－＞ＮＯ_３~－＞ＳＯ_４~（２－）,并初步证实当质膜同侧发生电子传递时,没有跨膜Ｈ~＋梯度（△μＨ~＋）生成。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.