超声波协同复合酶法提取姬松茸多糖

研究了超声波协同复合酶法提取姬松茸多糖的最佳工艺条件。采用均匀设计法分别考察不同时间、pH值、温度、酶浓度、固液比对纤维素酶、果胶酶以及木瓜蛋白酶酶解反应的影响,并研究三种酶联合使用时的加酶方式以及超声波协同提取时的最佳条件。结果表明,超声波协同复合酶法可显著提高姬松茸多糖的提取率,其最佳提取条件为：超声波作用20min,分步加酶法（先加果胶酶：pH值3．8、温度50℃、时间90min、加酶量7000U／g、固液比1：45;然后加纤维素酶：pH值3．6、温度75℃、时间120min、加酶量150U／g、固液比1：45;最后加木瓜蛋白酶：pH值3．6、温度75℃、时间120min、加酶量20000U／g、固液比1：45）,多糖提取率达到14．51％。     

营养因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响

研究了营养性因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响。结果表明玉米粉、蛋白胨,豆饼粉有利于姬松茸菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成,进一步的正交优化实验得到最佳培养基组成,玉米粉2%,蔗糖1%,豆饼粉1%。KH2PO40.3%,MgSO40.2%,0.2%的棕榈酸能促进胞外多糖的提高,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定,确定姬松茸适宜发酵周期为108h,胞外多糖最高可达3.48g/L。     

姬松茸菌丝体中各组分多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性

对深层发酵培养的姬松茸菌丝体依次采用热水、冷碱、热碱提取,得到了四种主要的多糖组分。其中冷碱提取的水不溶性多糖(CAASP)得率最高,达8.5 8g/ 10 0g干菌,且不同的多糖组分具有不同的单糖组成。其中热水提取的水溶性多糖(HWSP)及冷碱提取的水溶性多糖(CAWSP)在2 0mg/kg·d的剂量下对小鼠S180 移植瘤显示出较高的抗肿瘤活性,抑瘤率分别高达5 9.84 %和6 4 .6 6 %。同时发现在四种多糖在发挥抗肿瘤作用过程中,小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数有不同程度的提高。并且各多糖活性组分在体外均具有显著的刺激脾淋巴细胞增殖的作用     

发酵法生产富铁姬松茸菌丝体的产业化研究

对发酵法生产富铁姬松茸菌丝体进行了产业化研究.结果表明,姬松茸的耐铁能力和富铁能力都很强,在铁浓度为0.1～1.5g/L的液体培养基上,菌丝均能生长,当铁浓度超过1.5g/L 时,菌丝生长受到一定影响;采用液体深层培养,最佳的铁源为FeSO4·7H2O ,最佳铁添加量为0.4～0.5g/L.此时,姬松茸菌丝体的生物量得率和富铁率达到最高,同时,菌丝体含铁量和多糖含量也较高.另外,扩大到10t罐进行工业化生产,富铁姬松茸干菌粉得率达到2.82%,菌丝体含铁量可达14.77mg/g.姬松茸菌丝体产品产量高,质量稳定, 已推向市场,提供给一些企业,初步实现了产业化.     

树舌胞内粗多糖的提取及其抗炎活性研究

采用正交试验设计,对微波辅助法提取树舌胞内多糖的工艺进行了优化;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型、角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀模型对多糖抗炎活性进行了研究。根据极差分析确定了微波辅助法的最优工艺为微波处理10 min、液料比40∶1、提取2次。按此工艺多糖提取率为24.92%,多糖得率和含量分别为188.3 mg/g和78.47%。抗炎活性试验结果表明:树舌胞内多糖高、中、低剂量组对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用,抑制率分别为52.16%、37.80%、27.97%,与空白对照组均有极显著性差异(P0.01);树舌胞内多糖高、中、低剂量可显著抑制角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀,具有良好的抗炎作用。     

基于姬松茸深层发酵的Plackett-Burman筛选

对姬松茸液体深层发酵培养工艺条件进行单因素实验：应用Minitab15软件设计Plackett—Burman筛选实验,筛选出蔗糖及酵母膏质量浓度、培养温度、微量元素配比4个显著性影响因素,通过正交试验对其进行优化。确定最佳培养工艺条件：蔗糖质量浓度45g/L,酵母膏质量浓度3g／L,KH2PO4质量浓度2．5g／L,MgSO4质量浓度1．25g／L,培养温度27℃,培养时间7d,多糖产量可达4．64g／L。     

响应面法优化胡芦巴种子多糖提取工艺

利用单因素实验及响应面法优化确定胡芦巴种子多糖的提取工艺。通过单因素实验筛选出料液比、提取时间、提取温度三个主要因素,以胡芦巴种子多糖提取得率为响应值进行Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计,建立胡芦巴种子多糖提取得率的二次回归方程,得到优化组合条件。响应面法分析结果表明,当料液比为1∶28(g:mL),提取时间1.2 h,提取温度85℃时验证优化工艺得胡芦巴种子多糖最大提取得率19.89%,接近于模型预测值20.24%。     

马齿苋多糖微波提取条件的优化

本文对微波辅助法提取马齿苋多糖的工艺进行了研究,分析了提取温度、提取时间、料液比对马齿苋多糖得率的影响,确定了微波辅助提取马齿苋多糖的最佳工艺条件为60℃,料液比1 g/30 mL,提取10min。在此条件下的多糖得率为13.87%。     

江西虫草发酵液脱色及其多糖提取分离的优化工艺*

通过单因素和正交试验法,优化了江西虫草发酵液脱色的工艺条件。即在提取多糖前,调节发酵液pH值至5,活性炭用量为3g／100mL,在25℃恒温条件下吸附5min后,发酵液脱色率可达到89．6％,发酵液多糖的耗损率仅为10．7％。在此基础上,采用正交试验法,对发酵液多糖提取工艺进行了优化。利用优化后的工艺,即经脱色和去蛋白后发酵液滤液浓缩至其总体积的1／7,加入乙醇,终浓度为80％,醇析16h,发酵液多糖的得率可达到0．38g／L。     

江西虫草发酵液脱色及其多糖提取分离的优化工艺

通过单因素和正交试验法,优化了江西虫草发酵液脱色的工艺条件。即在提取多糖前,调节发酵液pH值至5,活性炭用量为3g／100mL,在25℃恒温条件下吸附5min后,发酵液脱色率可达到89．6％,发酵液多糖的耗损率仅为10．7％。在此基础上,采用正交试验法。对发酵液多糖提取工艺进行了优化。利用优化后的工艺,即经脱色和去蛋白后发酵液滤液浓缩至其总体积的1／7,加入乙醇,终浓度为80％,醇析16h,发酵液多糖的得率可达到0．38g／L。     

Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Agaricus blazei Murill.

Components of Agaricus blazei Murill have been demonstrated to have a wide range of immunopotentiating activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. blazei Murill upon activation of the complement system in human serum in vitro. Additional studies were performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of complement-opsonized particles of A. blazei Murill against human tumor cells in culture. A fine particle of A. blazei Murill (ABP), prepared by mechanical disruption, was used throughout the experiments. ABP activated the human complement system via the alternative pathway in human serum. Activation of the alternative pathway was both time- and dose-dependent. When the particles from fruiting bodies of A. blazei Murill (ABP-F) were reacted with human serum, the formation of complement-opsonized ABP, iC3b-ABP-F complexes, and binding of the complexes to human peripheral blood monocytes, were demonstrated in vitro by immunofluorescence. Further, the resident human peripheral nucleated cells incubated in the presence of iC3b-ABP-F complexes inhibited the proliferation of human tumor cell line TPC-1 in vitro.     

Agaricus blazei Murill Polysaccharides Protect Against Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Damage in Chicken Spleens

Biological Trace Element Research - Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide (ABP) has exhibited antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ABP...     

Secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and nitric oxide by macrophages activated with Agaricus blazei Murill fractions in vitro

Water extracts of the mycelial culture and fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murill were fractionated by ethanol precipitation using various ethanol concentrations. Original water extracts from mycelia (Fraction A-0) and fruiting bodies (Fraction B-0) induced TNF-alpha secretion by macrophages derived from rat bone marrow. Fractions B-4 and B-5 obtained from ethanol precipitation of fruiting bodies using 44% and 50% ethanol, respectively, and Fraction B-6 obtained from the supernatant at 50% ethanol markedly induced TNF-alpha secretion. Similar effects were observed in IL-8 secretion by macrophages. Regarding nitric oxide (NO), Fraction B-5 induced a significant increase in NO secretion and Fractions B-4 and B-6 induced slightly NO secretion. Northern blot analysis showed that the increases in cytokine- and NO secretion were due to an increase in cytokine mRNAs or NO synthase mRNA. Therefore, it is concluded that Agaricus blazei Murill components which activate macrophages result in the induction of cytokine- and NO secretion in vitro.     

Mechanism of anticlastogenicity of Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom organic extracts in wild type CHO (K(1)) and repair deficient (xrs5) cells by chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange assays

Agaricus blazei Murill is a medicinal mushroom native to Brazil. The present work assessed the clastogenic and anticlastogenic potential of organic extracts (ethanol and chloroform/methanol) from the lineage AB97/11 in chinese hamster CHO-K(1) (wild type) and CHO-xrs5 (repair deficient) cells using the chromosome aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays. In these experimental conditions were observed: (a) anticlastogenic effect at concentrations of 0.06 and 0.09% of the EtOH extract and at the 0.03 and 0.06% concentrations of the C/MetOH extract in CHO-K(1); (b) absence of protector effect on CHO-xrs5 cells; and (c) absence of protector effect in the SCE assay. These results indicate that organic extracts of A. blazei lineage AB97/11 present bio-antimutagenic type protective activity.     

姬松茸的研究与进展

概述了大型真菌姬松茸的生物学特性、保健功能以及近年来的研究进展,并对其主要功效物质如多糖等成分、姬松茸深层发酵技术的现状和菌丝体应用情况作了介绍。     

巴西蘑菇菌体深层发酵培养条件的优化及成分分析*

对巴西蘑菇深层发酵条件进行了详细的研究,确定了巴西蘑菇菌体发酵的最优方案是:7%葡萄糖,1.5%酵母膏,0.3%磷酸氢二钾,0.1%硫酸镁,VB1 10mg/100ml,自然pH,接种量为15%,装液量为100ml/250ml三角瓶,150r/min,25℃恒温培养9天,菌丝干重达到1.8g每100ml发酵液。通过对巴西蘑菇子实体与深层培养菌丝体中蛋白质营养成分及多糖含量进行了分析比较,发现它们均是极好的营养食品之源。