拟南芥开花的光周期调节

拟南芥开花时间受先质、光周期影响。已鉴定出两类影响开花光周期反应的突变体：一类是通过影响内源生理节奏从而影响光周期测量,导致开花时间改变的突变体,包括elf3和lhy;另一类是影响长日光周期应答的突变作,如constans（co）和gigantea（gi）。CO基因已经克隆,通过转基因和原位杂交分析,表明CO转录水平是长日应答促进开花的主要决定因子。     

野生稻光周期反应研究

对稻属不同种及部分中国普通野生稻的光周期反应进行了比较研究,结果表明供试材料在短日下能量提早抽穗,它们对短日诱导的敏感程度与染色体组有一定关系,ＡＡ染色体组的稻种,其光周期反应呈明显的多样性,中国东乡,茶酸,江永,仁化普通野生稻短日性强弱不同,与地理分布有关,即分布纬度较高的类型感光性较弱,另外还对群体内光周期反应差异及苗龄效应也作了研究。     

油松毛虫的光周期反应

本文是关于油松毛虫Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu光周期反应的首次报道. 在恒温恒湿条件(温度28℃±0.5;相对湿度75±3%;光照强度1200—1500勒克斯)下,研究了不同光照长度对油松毛虫生长发育的影响.结合油松毛虫的光周期反应,就北京地区油松毛虫的发生代数进行了讨论.     

非诱导光周期对植物开花的抑制作用

非诱导光周期对植物开花的抑制作用范国强＊谭克辉（中国科学院植物研究所,北京,１０００９３）ＩＮＨＩＢＴＯＲＹＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＮＯＮ┐ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＰＨＯＴＯ┐ＰＥＲＩＯＤＯＮＰＬＡＮＴＦＬＯＷＥＲＩＮＧＦａｎＧｕｏ－ｑｉａｎｇＴａｎＫｅ－ｈｕｉ（Ｉ...     

光周期途径植物开花决定关键基因FT

随着分子生物学的快速发展,大量与光周期途径开花相关的基因已经被发现和克隆,刀(FLOWER-ING LOCUS T)是光周期途径植物开花时间决定关键基因,并认为刀基因表达产物可能就是人们长期追寻的开花刺激物质,这种开花刺激物质经过叶片到茎尖的长距离运输,最终引起茎顶端开花起始.目前已在多种植物中分离出FT同源基因,并通过转基因证明FT基因的表达可促进植物提早开花.本文对国内外关于FT基因家族的研究进展进行综述,旨在为进一步深入研究FT基因功能提供参考.     

光周期途径核心因子CO的开花调控机制

CONSTANS（CO）基因是生物钟和开花时间基因之间监测日照长度的重要元件,在光周期途径中发挥核心功能。CO可以整合光信号和生物钟信号,诱导开花途径整合子FLOWERINGLOCUST（F即和SUPPRESSOROF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1（SOC1）的表达,进而促进植株开花。本文综述CO基因的开花调控机制,并结合CO基因的研究现状展望了其未来的研究方向。     

大豆开花后叶片衰老规律的研究

大豆开花后叶片光合速率和气孔导度呈单峰曲线变化,光合速率在叶片展开后２１ｄ达到高峰,气孔导度在展开后８ｄ达到高峰（１９９８年）。ＣＡＴ活性、ＳＯＤ活性和ＰＯＸ活性的变化似于光合速率,也呈单峰曲线变化,叶片展开后８ｄ内和３３ｄ后其含量都比较低,一般在２５ｄ达到高峰。叶片可溶性蛋白质含量呈双峰曲线变化,分别在叶片展开后８ｄ和２５ｄ达到高峰,只是前一高峰的峰值比较低。叶绿素ａ、叶绿素ｂ和类胡萝卜含量也呈     

截形叶螨的光周期反应

截形叶螨的光周期反应属于长日照发育型,短日照是诱发滞育的主导因子,但高温可抑制其光周期反应。经测定,在南京该种群的临界光周期为10.7小时(15℃)。低温处理滞育雌螨的时间与其复苏速率呈负相关,与其滞育历期呈正相关。滞育雌螨具较强抗寒性,其过冷却点为-20.62℃。     

马尾松毛虫的光周期反应

马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus Walker和油松毛虫 Dendrolimus tabulaeformisTsai et Liu都属于长日照型昆虫。它们的光周期反应却存在着明显的差开。马尾松毛虫初龄幼虫对光照时数虽然敏感,可是只有在整个幼虫期都处在短光照周期条件下才能维持幼虫的滞育。 而且, 幼虫的滞育强度明显较弱,解除滞育所要求的条件也不如油松毛虫严格。在较高温度条件下,幼虫的滞育更不稳定,一般仅表现为生长的短暂停滞和幼虫历期的相对延长。温度和光周期还可影响到幼虫的存活和性比。马尾松毛虫幼虫呈典型的浅滞育现象。正是由于这一特性,在环境条件的影响下,长江沿岸省份不同年份马尾松毛虫二、三代分化的比例才有较大的波动,这直接关系着当地的种群动态,也是当年当地高虫口区二代虫能否成灾的关键。     

大豆开花基因GmCO和GmFT的克隆及表达

为了研究大豆光周期反应是否受开花基因CO(CONSTANS)和FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)调控,采用同源序列法从大豆中分离了CO和FT的同源物GmCO和GmFT.GmCO和GmFT分别编码151和109个氨基酸,与水稻和拟南芥中相关蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性达到70%以上.通过RT-PCR分析GmCO和GmFT在短日照(short daylength,SD)、自然光照(natural light,NL)和长日照(long daylength,LD)处理大豆不同发育阶段叶片中的表达发现,GmCO在LD处理大豆早期发育的叶片中高丰度表达,GmFT在SD和NL处理大豆开花时期的叶片中高丰度表达.上述结果表明,GmCO和GmFT的表达与大豆开花时间及光照长度密切相关,且GmCO抑制GmFT的表达.     

r—射线与激光处理大豆对酯酶同工酶的效应研究

用CO_2激光0.8S及~(60)Co—r射线0.25KGy和0.35KGy剂量分别辐照大豆种子后,其三叶期叶片酯酶同工酶带数增加,酶活性增强,其变化特点反映出供试品种的辐射敏感性。r射线辐照后加以CO_2激光处理,其酯酶活性较r射线单一处理的酶活性降低,表明CO_2激光对0.25KGy和0.35KGy的r射线所引起的辐射损伤具有一定的修复作用,且修复作用的大小因品种的辐射敏感性而异。     

影响大豆体细胞胚诱导因素的研究

体细胞胚的诱导是大豆体外再生的关键。基因型,诱导光周期,外植体的英位,蔗糖浓度等因素,可导致诱导频率及正常胚比例不同,影响植株再生。本研究选用黑龙江省主栽大豆基因型的未成熟子叶,在含高浓度生长素的MSB培养基上诱导体细胞胚产生。合丰25和东农7819为优选基因型,生育前期下部英位大小为2－4mm未成熟子叶体细胞胚发生效果最好;四种光周期下体细胞胚诱导频率相近,但连续弱光了正常胚比例高;NAA诱导优于2－4,D;10mg/1NAA与1．5％蔗糖配比组合最佳。     

大豆根瘤内谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的免疫细胞化学研究

用Lowicryl K_4M树脂包埋大豆根瘤组织块,以蛋白A-胶体金和从羽扇豆根瘤中所提取的GDH作为抗原制备的免疫球蛋白标记上述已包埋的大豆根瘤组织的超薄切片,在大豆根瘤组织内定位GDH。电镜观察与计算机分析结果表明,谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)集中分布在靠近大豆根瘤细胞内壁的线粒体上面。     

EXPERIMENTS ON THE PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE IN PINEAPPLE

Gowing , Donald P. (Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii, Honolulu.) Experiments on the photoperiodic response in pineapple. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(1): 16–21. 1961.—The initiation of flowering of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple plants is neither strictly a response to photoperiod (day lengths of 10 hr. 51 min.–13 hr. 24 min.) nor to a minimum temperature (minima from 50° to 72°F. in different areas) under natural Hawaiian conditions. Depending on the kind of planting material used and the time of planting, natural initiation of flowering may take place any month of the year. Slips planted in the fall generally initiate flowering in December of the following year. However, exposure of an 8-mo.-old slip-planting to a day length of 8 hours for 40 days starting Sept. 8 induced flowering irrespective of night temperatures from about 60 to 80°F. Interruption of the dark period by illumination at 30 ft.-c. from midnight to 1 a.m. suppressed the inductive effect. Lowering the night temperature to 60°F. was, of itself, non-inductive. Field-grown, 11-mo.-old plants treated in place responded similarly, in that 25 periods of 8-hr. day length starting Sept. 5 induced 60% of the plants to flower, and the night illumination suppressed the inductive effect as before. Daily application of 0.12 mg. of the major native pineapple auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) at the beginning of the dark period had no detectable effect on the short-day treatment, and similar application of an antiauxin (4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid) did not affect the suppression of flowering by the light-break. Supplemental illumination of field-grown 12-mo. plants to provide a photoperiod of more than 15 hr. daily from Nov. 4 to Jan. 30 did not suppress the natural initiation of flowering which occurred in early December (day length about 10 hr. 50 min.). ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple is therefore a quantitative, but not an obligate, short-day plant.     

猫颈部和腹部迷走神经加压反应的比较研究

刺激麻醉猫颈部和腹部迷走神经中枢端引起的升压反应,不但反应模式有别,其升压机制也不同。颈部迷走加压反应是在出现快速降压之后的一个缓慢持续的血压升高,而腹部迷走加压反应则是一个快而短暂的升压反应。在颈迷走加压反应出现的同时伴有血浆加压素(AVP)的增加,但血浆肾素活性(PRA)及血管紧张素 Ⅱ(ANG Ⅱ)和肾神经放电(RND)都有不同程度的下降。腹部迷走加压反应的出现则伴有 RND,PRA 和血浆 ANG Ⅱ 水平的增加,但 AVP 无明显改变。兴奋同一迷走神经颈腹段传入纤维引起的升压效应之所以不同主要是由于传入纤维的来源和在中枢的投射部位不同,因而升压机制也各异。     

STUDIES ON THE SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE PRECURSORS IN GERMINATING SOYBEAN SEED

The total soluble carbohydrate fraction of the cotyledons and embryo axis of germinating soybean seedlings declined rapidly during the first 3 days of germination. This depletion began earlier in the embryo axis than in the cotyledon. The total carbohydrate content of the cotyledons of plants grown in light and plants grown in dark was approximately the same for the first 7 days of germination. Between day 9 and 13 the total carbohydrate content of the cotyledons of soybean seedlings grown in dark was higher than that of plants grown in light. The reducing sugar content of light-grown soybean cotyledons increased approximately 5-fold during the first 9 days of germination, whereas that of dark-grown soybean cotyledons increased more slowly during this interval. Reducing sugars in the embryo increased during the early stages of germination until they approximately equalled the total carbohydrate. Between day 4 and 13, oil was depleted more rapidly in the cotyledons of seedlings grown in light than those grown in the dark. The reserve carbohydrates of soybean embryos and cotyledons consisted primarily of low molecular weight oligosaccharides, particularly sucrose, stachyose, and raffinose. These compounds decreased rapidly during germination. The isocitritase activity in the cotyledons of germinating soybean seeds increased rapidly for the first 6 days of germination and then decreased for the next 7 days. The isocitritase activity of plants grown in the dark was higher than that of the plants grown in light at all stages of development, particularly between day 7 and 11.     

TWO LIGHT REACTIONS IN THE PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF FLOWERING OF LEMNA PERPUSILLA AND L. GIBBA

The effects of light quality on the photoperiodic control inthe flowering of a SD duckweed, Lemna perpusilla strain 6746,and a LD duckweed, L. gibba strain G3, were investigated withspecial reference to the interaction between R and B or FR lights. In the diurnal alternation of R or G light and dark periods,L. perpusilla responded as a SDP, but in that of B or FR lightit was almost daylength-indifferent. On the other hand, L. gibbaresponded as a LDP under B, R or FR light, although the criticallight length was altered by the light quality. In the diurnal alternation of R and B or FR light periods containingno dark period, L. perpusilla flowered with the shortening ofthe optimal and critical R light lengths, compared with theplant exposed to that of R light and dark period. The floweringresponse of L. gibba to the R light length showed double peaks,that is, the first peak at the R duration less than 9 hours,and the second at the R duration longer than 9 hours. The firstpeak corresponds to the optimal R light length in L. perpusilla. Under the CL with a mixture of R and B or FR lights, the floweringand frond production were influenced by the intensity ratioof two light given. In both plants, the optimal ratio of B toR or FR to R for the flowering was always greater than thatfor the frond production. It is suggested that the B or FR light interacts with the Rlight in the photoperiodic process in the plants and this interactionbetween the R and B or FR lights should be of importance forobtaining a better understanding of photoperiodism. (Received August 28, 1965; )     

离体培养下大豆体细胞胚胎发生的组织学研究

大豆胚状体可以直接从未成熟的子叶表皮及表皮下面1—3层细胞发生。这些细胞经过脱分化后,首先形成细胞质浓厚、核大的胚的发生细胞,胚发生细胞再分裂形成胚性细胞团,胚性细胞团再继续分裂形成胚状体。胚状体的发育过程和合子胚一样,经过球形、心形,鱼雷期和子叶期等诸阶段发育成小植株。此外,在诱导胚状体发生过程中,还观察到另一值得注意的现象:在未成熟胚的子叶表皮下面1至较深处的数层细胞,也转变成分生状细胞团,这些分生状细胞团呈不规则状,从其起源看,可称它们为内生“胚状体”,这些内生“胚状体”培养至20天,即停止生长发育。     

毛丝鼠体温调节发育的研究

毛丝鼠幼仔,六日龄已基本上达到恒温水平。吮乳期幼仔的静止代谢率较威体高;二日龄前,代谢率变化不符合体表面积定律;二日龄后,趋向成年恒温动物代谢类型,而符合体表面积定律。幼仔在25℃环境的热能消耗比20℃时少。