首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
长白山阔叶红松林树木短期死亡动态   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
树木死亡是森林群落动态的重要过程,是多种因素共同作用的结果.本文基于长白山阔叶红松林25 ha样地2004年和2009年两次调查数据,从物种组成、数量特征、径级结构和空间分布等方面分析了5年间样地中死亡树木的特征.结果表明:5年间样地DBH≥1 cm的独立个体树种数由52变为51,3个树种因权有的1个个体死亡而消失,新增2个树种;独立个体数从36,908变为34,926,死亡个体数为4,030,死亡个体数占2004年个体总数的10.9%,新增个体数为2,048,独立个体数净减少1,982;死亡量大的树种其新增量也较大,灌木树种的死亡量和新增量均多于乔木树种;有5个树种的平均胸径减小,44个树种平均胸径增加;从死亡个体的径级结构来看,小径级个体死亡较多,大径级个体死亡少,5 cm以下的死亡个体占总死亡量的81.5%,不同林层的优势树种死亡个体的径级分布与2004年该树种的径级分布基本相同;不同树种死亡个体的空间分布具有较大差异,不同林层的优势树种死亡个体空间格局主要以聚集分布为主,小径级死亡个体在小尺度呈聚集分布,在其他尺度呈随机分布,中径级和大径级死亡个体在各尺度上都呈不同程度的随机分布.  相似文献   

2.
以广西弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 hm2森林动态监测样地为对象,结合2011年和2016年两次调查数据,分析5年间样地树木死亡个体的数量、径级结构和空间格局特征等。结果显示:2011年至2016年,样地有86.5%的树种出现了个体死亡的现象,死亡个体占个体总数的14.4%;死亡个体的聚集程度随空间尺度的增大而逐渐减弱;小径级个体死亡与周边邻体和环境的关联性较大;竞争是影响弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性云林树木死亡的主要因素。综合来看,北热带喀斯特季节性雨林内树木死亡并非是一个完全随机的过程,而是树木本身特征和生物与非生物环境共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

3.
西双版纳山地雨林乔木层树种20年动态研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
张高磊  杜凡  王欢  李敏敏  孟凡荣 《生态学报》2015,35(12):4053-4062
热带雨林中乔木层树种对群落的结构和功能起着决定性的作用,监测乔木树种的动态,能更好的了解群落的演替。基于西双版纳地区5块共1.25 hm2山地雨林固定样地20年的监测资料,从物种组成、多样性指数、个体数量、主要树种组成和径级结构等方面分析树种动态。研究对象为近成熟的山地雨林,1992—1994年初测时样地中记录到乔木层树种215种,隶属于61科128属;到2012年,乔木层树种增加到239种,隶属于62科148属。分析表明,20年来样地中乔木层树种在科、属、种三级组成水平上均呈缓慢增加趋势,增加率分别为1.64%、15.63%、11.16%。退出乔木层和新进入乔木层的树种主要是偶见种。20年来,样地乔木层总株数从1464株增加至1478株,累计死亡620株,总死亡率29.55%,年均死亡率1.48%;累计进界634株,总进界率30.22%,年均进界率1.51%;群落的多样性指数在小幅度波动中略有增加,Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数的增加率分别为0.28%、2.69%、0.55%;乔木层的径级组成未有明显变化,不同径级的死亡和进阶基本处于持平状态。  相似文献   

4.
 以海南岛霸王岭自然保护区1 hm2老龄原始林样地的调查材料为基础,分析了热带山地雨林群落的组成、高度结构、径级结构及有关的树种多样性特征。结果表明:霸王岭热带山地雨林树种较丰富,物种多样性指数较高。树种数和树木的密度都随高度级、径级的增加而呈负指数或负幂函数递减;热带山地雨林不同高度级、不同径级和不同小样方斑块内的树种数都与树木密度呈显著的正相关关系。热带山地雨林经过自然的演替达到老龄顶极群落后,最后进入主林层的只是少部分树种的少数个体。  相似文献   

5.
武夷山保存了典型的中亚热带原生性森林生态系统。加强武夷山常绿阔叶林研究,对支撑武夷山生态保护实践具有重要意义。2016年,对按照美国史密森热带研究所热带森林研究中心调查技术规范建立的甜槠常绿阔叶林样地进行了首轮复查,并从物种组成、群落多样性、重要值、死亡率、补员率、胸径等方面分析了其群落动态。结果表明:2016年的乔木个体为25科44属88种,较2011年增加了2科2属7种。群落的优势种组成及其优势程度变化不大,在重要值大于1的21个常见树种中,10个树种的重要值增高,11个降低。甜槠仍为建群种,其重要值略下降。乔木个体增加到3888个,年死亡率为1.31%,年补员率为2.98%。43个树种出现死亡,46个出现补员。4个常见树种的种群数量下降,16个上升。群落的平均胸径从4.82 cm增大为4.89 cm,5个常见树种的平均胸径下降,16个上升。死亡个体的平均胸径为4.47 cm,补员个体为1.67 cm。甜槠仍然将在乔木层,马银花和鹿角杜鹃在亚乔木层保持优势地位。在短期内群落结构不会出现较大的变化,但黄绒润楠、厚皮香等阴生树种和中性树种优势度的增加可能预示群落将向中生群落(顶级群落)演替。  相似文献   

6.
群落结构状态是植被演替进程中的重要体现之一,同时也是下一步演替过程发生的基础.暖温带落叶阔叶次生林是中国暖温带森林植被的主要类型.为了更好地研究其演替动态、生物多样性维持机制,我们参照巴拿马Barro Colorado Island(BCI)50 ha热带雨林样地的技术规范,于2009年11月至2010年9月在北京门头沟区小龙门森林公园的暖温带落叶阔叶次生林内建立了一块20 ha的固定样地(简称DLS),对样地内胸径≥1 cm的所有木本植物进行了鉴定、调查及定位,分析了群落的组成和结构.结果表明,样地内木本植物有58种,隶属于18科33属.独立个体的总数为52,136,包括独立个体分枝的总数为103,284,全部为落叶树种.群落的区系类型以北温带成分居多,同时混有一些亚热带和热带成分,属典型的温带森林类型.群落优势种明显,个体数最多的前5个种的个体数占到总个体数的61%,前20个种占到92%,而其余38个种只占8%.群落成层现象明显,垂直结构由主林层(19个种)、次林层(18个种)和灌木层(21个种)组成.样地所有木本植物个体总径级分布呈倒"J"型,群落更新良好.主林层树种的径级结构近似于双峰或正态分布,而次林层和灌木层树种则表现出倒"J"型或"L"型.几个主要树种的空间分布表现出不同的分布格局,随着径级增大,聚集程度降低.空间分布格局显示主要优势种自身个体在其径级大小的空间分分布上互补,不同径级的个体占据了样地内不同的空间位置.  相似文献   

7.
鲁君悦  张春雨  赵秀海 《生态学报》2021,41(16):6613-6620
探讨不同林层群落结构动态及其与地形因子之间的关系,为群落结构优化和可持续经营管理提供理论支持。基于吉林蛟河30 hm2针阔混交林固定监测样地的野外调查数据,以2010和2015年胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物为研究对象,分析了不同林层物种组成、林分密度、群落结构多样性差异及其5年间的动态变化,利用偏相关分析研究了不同林层群落结构特征和地形因子的关系。结果表明:(1)林下层物种丰富度略高于林冠层,林冠层蓄积生产力是整个森林群落蓄积生产力的主要贡献者,林下层的物种多样性和林分结构多样性变化较林冠层明显;(2)林冠层优势树种的重要值在群落演替过程中逐渐扩大,整个样地林冠层树木个体数量减少了175株,林下层树木个体增加了3503株;(3)地形因子中海拔是影响群落结构动态最主要的因子,通过影响土壤和光照等条件从而影响群落结构变化。该林分处于相对稳定状态,不同林层群落结构特征差异显著,正确把握地形因子与不同林层群落结构动态变化的关系对森林的可持续经营具有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
本文利用陕西省周至县楼观台实验林场的落叶阔叶林动态监测样地,研究了秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林的物种组成和群落结构。结果表明:样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物独立个体有3162株,木本植物有42种,隶属于25科36属。群落属的区系类型主要为温带成分,占总数的44.4%,热带成分次之。群落优势树种明显,重要值前3位的树种分别为栓皮栎、油松、槲栎,其重要值之和为64.7%。样地内所有个体的平均胸径为7.58 cm。所有个体以及乔木层优势种径级分布呈近似正态分布,且中等径级个体较多。群落结构稳定,但群落更新不良,种群有衰退的趋势。样地不同样方间生物多样性指数变异较大,均值低于亚热带常绿阔叶林。群落物种分布与环境因子有明显的相关性。土壤和地形解释了群落分布42.4%的变异。海拔和土壤速效钾对群落分布有显著影响。海拔、土壤全磷和有机质含量显著影响栓皮栎群落的物种多样性。栓皮栎种群较强的适应性使其在低养分环境占主导地位,但也限制了群落物种多样性。  相似文献   

9.
以两块对照固定样地(8401和8402)为对象,研究了海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林两类采伐迹地次生群落在过去15年的演替过程中胸径≥7.0cm林木种类、个体数及胸高断面积的消长格局,结果表明:1)常遭台风及一些人为活动干扰、源于大面积采伐迹地的8401群落比位于保护区核心区、源于小面积采伐迹地的8402群落具有较高的物种多样性,但两样地林木的个体密度随演替进程的变化均较缓慢,前者减少3.9%,后者增加14.2%。2)常见种(即1984年在0.2hm2样地中个体数≥5的种类,绝大多数为群落优势种或先锋树种)在15年演替过程中种类数量保持不变,非常见种种类数量增加31%,常见种与非常见种个体密度在时间上的变化呈显著的负相关。3)林木死亡率总体上随胸径增大而减少。常见种的林木死亡率显著高于非常见种的林木死亡率,与此相反,林木的个体增补主要来自非常见种(占89.3%),8402样地的个体置换率(增补数量/死亡数量)比8401高90%;不同观测年份个体增补数量的变化与死亡数量的变化存在显著的正相关。4)林分胸高断面积的相对增长量主要受常见种的消长及样地总置换率的影响,总体上看,8402样地的相对增长量高于8401样地,前者为2.48%,后者为1.69%。5)热带山地雨林次生群落在演替过程中的林木消长格局明显与树种类型有关。  相似文献   

10.
丁易  臧润国 《生物多样性》2008,16(2):103-109
落叶是树木适应环境变化的一种方式,水分梯度往往是导致热带森林落叶物种比例产生差异的最主要原因。为研究落叶树种在森林次生演替过程中的变化规律,我们在海南岛霸王岭林区内调查了4个林龄阶段(5年、12年、25年和55年)的刀耕火种弃耕地自然恢复群落样地。在5.25hm2的全部样地内共记录到高H〉0.1m的落叶木本植物24种,隶属于15科21属。其中紫葳科、大戟科、含羞草科是含落叶树种最多的3个科,黄牛木(Cratoxylum cochinchinens)、猪肚木(Canthium horridum)、山柑算盘子(Glochidion fagifolium)是多度最高的3个落叶树种,枫香树(Liquidambar formosana)、黄牛木、山柑算盘子是胸高截面积最大的3个落叶树种。在次生演替过程中,落叶物种比例以5年恢复群落中最高,而后随群落演替进程下降;不同径级大小个体的落叶物种比例也表现出相同的变化趋势,且较大径级个体(DBH≥5cm)比例高于小径级个体(DBH〈5cm)。落叶物种个体密度比例和胸高截面积比例呈现单峰曲线变化:在恢复12年的群落中达到最大,而后随群落演替进程下降。除幼树(H〉1.5m,DBH〈5cm)外,其他各径级个体中的落叶物种密度和胸高截面积比例也表现出相同的变化趋势。我们的研究表明,在海南岛热带低地雨林刀耕火种后的次生演替和自然恢复过程中,落叶物种比例及其密度随恢复过程而发生相应的变化,在一定的恢复时期内呈现一定的季雨林群落特征。  相似文献   

11.
 西双版纳热带雨林是中国生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一,西双版纳也被公认为国际上重要的生物多样性保护的热点地区之一。2007年,在中国科学院生物多样性委员会、加拿大Alberta大学和中国台湾东海大学等相关单位的支持下,由中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园和西双版纳州自然保护区管理局在西双版纳州勐腊县补蚌村的望天树(Shorea wantianshuea)林中建立了一块面积为 20 hm2的热带森林动态监测样地,该样地是中国森林生物多样性动态监测网络建设的重要组成部分之一,其建设技术是按照美国史密森热带研究所的热带森林研究中心(Center for Tropical Forest Science, CTFS) 1980年在巴拿马Barro Colorado Island建立50 hm2样地的技术规范进行的。我们逐一测量并记录了样地中所有树干胸径大于1 cm树木的胸围,并对其挂牌标记、鉴定种名和确定坐标位置。并应用Ripley’s L-Function分析了样地内4种上层优势种和12个稀有种的空间分布格局。研究结果表明:样地内共含有胸径 ≥ 1 cm的乔木95 834株,其中已经鉴定的有95 498株,占总个体数的99.65%;有乔木种类468种 ,隶属于213个属和70个科;另外有336个个体没有鉴定出来,仅占总个体数的0.35%。上层乔木中的望天树重要值排名第2,但具有最大的胸高断面积;中、下层的假海桐(Pittospo ropsiskerrii)个体数最多,占样地内已鉴定乔木个体总数的21.90%。样地内4个上层优势种的小径阶个体数量较多, 而大径阶个体数量较少,径阶分布呈倒“J”型,因此这4个种群可以维持自我更新。在分布格局上,样地内的4个上层优势树种的幼树和中龄树以聚集分布为主,而成年树则以随机分布为主。另外,大多数稀有物种也表现出聚集分布的格局。  相似文献   

12.
海南岛霸王岭热带低地雨林植被恢复动态   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
热带次生林具有重要的物种保育和固碳功能, 然而高强度的干扰会导致次生林早期出现类似季雨林的阶段, 因而群落恢复速度和方向是当前热带生态学研究中最为关注的议题之一。该文以海南岛在刀耕火种弃耕地形成的不同演替阶段的次生林为研究对象, 比较森林不同恢复时间(12年、25年、55年)群落中的不同年龄(幼树、小树、成年树)个体与低地雨林老龄林的物种组成、多样性和群落结构差异, 探讨刀耕火种弃耕地恢复过程中的群落组配过程。首先, 在海南岛霸王岭林区内建立7个1 hm2(100 m × 100 m)的样地, 并调查样地内所有胸径≥ 1 cm的木本植物个体(不包括木质藤本)的种类、胸径大小和树高。无度量多维标定法(NMS)排序结果表明, 刀耕火种弃耕地恢复群落与老龄林的物种组成存在明显差异, 并且其物种组成差异随着径级增加而逐渐减小。刀耕火种弃耕地群落物种累积速度缓慢, 25年和55年恢复群落的种面积、种个体和种多度曲线无差异, 存在一个明显的停滞阶段。与物种组成相比, 群落结构恢复相对较迅速, 但仍没有形成老龄林阶段中的复杂结构。萌生个体在早期恢复群落中占有较高比例, 其个体密度和胸高断面积分别占总数的39.9%和55.9%, 但在恢复中后期迅速降低。刀耕火种弃耕地恢复群落中以先锋种和非先锋喜光种为主。虽然耐阴种随演替而逐渐增加, 但恢复中后期群落中的耐阴种重要值仅为老龄林的27.7%。这些结果表明, 虽然刀耕火种弃耕地恢复群落缓慢地逐渐接近最终恢复目标, 但仍然存在 很大的不确定性。刀耕火种弃耕地恢复过程中的异速恢复和停滞阶段需要纳入今后群落演替模型构建和森林固碳效益核甘共苦算中。  相似文献   

13.
Xishuangbanna is a region located at the northern edge of tropical Asia. Biomass estimates of its tropical rain forest have not been published in English literature. We estimated forest biomass and its allocation patterns in five 0.185–1.0 ha plots in tropical seasonal rain forests of Xishuangbanna. Forest biomass ranged from 362.1 to 692.6 Mg/ha. Biomass of trees with diameter at 1.3 m breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm accounted for 98.2 percent of the rain forest biomass, followed by shrubs (0.9%), woody lianas (0.8%), and herbs (0.2%). Biomass allocation to different tree components was 68.4–70.0 percent to stems, 19.8–21.8 percent to roots, 7.4–10.6 percent to branches, and 0.7–1.3 percent to leaves. Biomass allocation to the tree sublayers was 55.3–62.2 percent to the A layer (upper layer), 30.6–37.1 percent to the B layer (middle), and 2.7–7.6 percent to the C layer (lower). Biomass of Pometia tomentosa, a dominant species, accounted for 19.7–21.1 percent of the total tree biomass. The average density of large trees (DBH ≥100 cm) was 9.4 stems/ha on two small plots and 3.5 stems/ha on two large plots, illustrating the potential to overestimate biomass on a landscape scale if only small plots are sampled. Biomass estimations are similar to typical tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia and the Neotropics.  相似文献   

14.
西双版纳热带森林树洞丰富度及其分配特点   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘俊雁  郑征 《生态学杂志》2012,31(2):271-275
树洞是森林生态系统的重要结构,对动物多样性的维持起着重要作用。为研究热带森林树洞的数量特征及其分配特点,选取西双版纳20hm2热带森林动态监测样地为研究对象,采用地面观测法调查了样地内所有胸径≥5cm活立木上的树洞。结果表明:(1)该样地森林的树洞密度为108.4个·hm-2,具有树洞的树1725株(占树木总数的6.22%),隶属于208个种;(2)树木个体的树洞数量随径级增加而增加,并在种间变化不均匀;(3)树木出现空心的概率随胸径级的增加而显著增加,并且在树种间存在显著差异;(4)与其他纬度地区森林的树洞密度比较,本研究结果支持了Boyle等(2008)提出的低纬度森林具有较高树洞密度的推测。  相似文献   

15.
Questions: Are there interspecific differences in mortality and recruitment rates across life stages between two shade‐tolerant dominant trees in a sub‐alpine old‐growth forest? Do such differences in demography contribute to the coexistence and co‐dominance of the two species? Location: Sub‐alpine, old‐growth forest on Mt. Ontake, central Honshu, Japan. Methods: From 1980 to 2005, we recorded DBH and status (alive or dead) of all Abies mariesii and A. veitchii individuals (DBH ≥ 5 cm) in a 0.44‐ha plot. Based on this 25 year census, we quantified mortality and recruitment rates of the two species in three life stages (small tree, 5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm; subcanopy tree, 10 cm ≤ DBH < 20 cm; canopy tree, DBH ≥ 20 cm). Results: Significant interspecific differences in mortality and recruitment rates were observed in both the small tree and sub‐canopy tree stages. In this forest, saplings (< 5 cm DBH) are mostly buried by snow‐pack during winter. As a consequence, saplings of A. mariesii, which is snow and shade tolerant, show higher rates of recruitment into the small tree stage than do those of A. veitchii. Above the snow‐pack, trees must tolerate dry, cold temperatures. A. veitchii, which can more readily endure such climate conditions, showed lower mortality rate at the subcanopy stage and a higher recruitment rate into the canopy tree stage. This differential mortality and recruitment among life‐stages determines relative dominance of the two species in the canopy. Conclusion: Differential growth conditions along a vertical gradient in this old forest determine survival of the two species prior to reaching the canopy, and consequently allow co‐dominance at the canopy stage.  相似文献   

16.
鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20公顷样地群落特征研究   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34       下载免费PDF全文
 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林是北回归线附近保存较完好的地带性植被,是在南亚热带季风湿润型气候条件下发育的植被类型,具有热带向亚热带的过渡性质,群落结构相对复杂,组成种类相对丰富。参照巴拿马巴洛科罗拉多岛(Barro Colorado Island, BCI) 50 hm2热带雨林样地的技术规范,采用中国森林生物多样性监测网络的统一调查研究方法,于2005年在鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林建立了20 hm2 固定监测样地,调查并鉴定了样方内胸径 (Diameter at breast height, DBH)大于1 cm的木本植物。首次调查结果表明,群落内共有木本植物210种,71 617个活的个体,分属于56科119属。从乔木区系的组成及其特点可以看出,其南亚热带的区系成分占绝对优势,并呈现出由亚热带向热带过渡的趋势。群落垂直结构复杂,地上成层现象较明显,乔木可分为3层,其中重要值最大的锥(Castanopsis chinensis)、木荷(Schima superba)和黄杞(Engelhardtia roxburghiana)均是乔木上层的优势种;中层是群落的主要层,由厚壳桂(Cryptocarya chinensis)、黄叶树(Xanthophyllum hainanense)和华润楠(Machilus chinensis)等中生和耐阴树种组成;下层成分较复杂,物种多样性高,不同地段的物种组成差异较大。样地内物种十分丰富,种-面积曲线拟合显示其物种数量接近于BCI。稀有种比例极高,有110种,占总物种数的52.38%,其中有45%的稀有种源于物种本身的特性,有20%源于区系交汇,人为或自然干扰造成的稀有种占30%以上。样地中所有个体的径级分布(以1 cm等级排列)明显呈倒“J"形,表示群落稳定与正常生长状态。根据对优势种径级结构的分布分析,将各树种的径级结构归纳为4种类型:1)峰型(中径级个体储备型),此类物种为乔木上层优势种;2)倒“J"型 (正常型),此类物种为乔木中层的优势种;3)类倒“J"型(偏正常型),此类物种占据乔木的中、下层; 4)“L”型(灌木型),此类物种分布于乔木下层和灌木层。点格局分析得出优势种在各个层上的绝大部分尺度都是聚集分布的,而不同径级的空间分布随物种的不同而呈现出明显的差异性,点格局显示了优势种在相同径级的分布(特别是DBH=10~40 cm)具有一定的空间互补性。对大径级(DBH>40 cm)的504个个体进行空间分布格局分析,结果表明,所有这些个体随机分布于整个样地,但不同的物种在空间分布上存在一定的规律。  相似文献   

17.
Questions: Do the population dynamics of trees differ among topographic positions and, if so, how does topographic position affect the population dynamics of species that are distributed in a topography‐specific manner? Which is the most important life stage in determining vegetation patterns? Location: Primary and secondary warm temperate evergreen broad‐leaved forest (40 ‐ 280 m a.s.l.) on the western part of Yakushima Island, Japan. Methods: Mortality, recruitment, DBH growth and distribution of stems (= 5 cm DBH) in a 2.62‐ha plot were surveyed in 1992 and 2002 to determine the relationships between population parameters and (1) topography and (2) distribution patterns of 17 common tree species. Results: Common species (n = 17) were classified into three distribution pattern groups: group A, distributed mainly on convex slopes; group B, on concave slopes, and group C, not aggregated with respect to topographic position. Stem mortality, recruitment and DBH growth were greater in group A than in group B within each topographic class. The hierarchy of stem mortality among topographic classes for groups A and B was convex > planar > concave. Stem recruitment density was relatively high on the convex and concave slopes, respectively, for groups A and B. Conclusions The topographical positions of adult trees were not always most suited for adult survival and growth. For group A, the distribution pattern of adults was determined in the juvenile stage, while this was not the case for group B. Studies of juvenile stages are important for understanding the demographic basis of vegetation distribution patterns.  相似文献   

18.
This study describes diversity patterns in the flora of the Campo-Ma’an rain forest, in south Cameroon. In this area, the structure and composition of the forests change progressively from the coastal forest on sandy shorelines through the lowland evergreen forest rich in Caesalpinioideae with Calpocalyx heitzii and Sacoglottis gabonensis, to the submontane forest at higher elevations and the mixed evergreen and semi-deciduous forest in the drier Ma’an area. We tested whether there is a correlation between tree species diversity and diversity of other growth forms such as shrubs, herbs, and lianas in order to understand if, in the context of African tropical rain forest, tree species diversity mirrors the diversity of other life forms or strata. Are forests that are rich in tree species also rich in other life forms? To answer this question, we analysed the family and species level floristic richness and diversity of the various growth forms and forest strata within 145 plots recorded in 6 main vegetation types. A comparison of the diversity within forest layers and within growth forms was done using General Linear Models. The results showed that tree species accounted for 46% of the total number of vascular plant species with DBH ≥1 cm, shrubs/small trees 39%, climbers 14% and herbs less than 1%. Only 22% of the diversity of shrubs and lianas could be explained by the diversity of large and medium sized trees, and less than 1% of herb diversity was explained by tree diversity. The shrub layer was by far the most species rich, with both a higher number of species per plot, and a higher Shannon diversity index, than the tree and the herb layer. More than 82% of tree species, 90% of shrubs, 78% of lianas and 70% of herbaceous species were recorded in the shrub layer. Moreover, shrubs contributed for 38% of the 114 strict and narrow endemic plant species recorded in the area, herbs 29%, trees only 20% and climbers 11%. These results indicate that the diversity of trees might not always reflect the overall diversity of the forest in the Campo-Ma’an area, and therefore it may not be a good indicator for the diversity of shrubs and herbaceous species. Furthermore, this suggests that biodiversity surveys based solely on large and medium sized tree species (DBH ≥0cm) are not an adequate method for the assessment of plant diversity because other growth form such as shrubs, climbers and herbs are under-represented. Therefore, inventory design based on small plots of 0.1 ha, in which all vascular plants with DBH ≥1 cm are recorded, is a more appropriate sampling method for biodiversity assessments than surveys based solely on large and medium sized tree species.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract. Patterns of mortality, recruitment, and forest turnover were investigated using permanent plot data from temperate forests in 14 localities throughout New Zealand. Tree mortality and recruitment rates were calculated from tagged trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at 1.4 m on individual 400 m2 plots, and turnover rates were calculated as the mean of mortality and recruitment rates. Turnover rates (1.4% per year) were very similar to those recorded for tropical forests (i.e. 1.5% per year). As was shown in tropical forests, we also found significant relationships between forest turnover and species richness. In New Zealand forests there was also a decrease in species richness and turnover rates with increasing latitude. Although species richness is well known to decline with latitude, our study provides support for a possible link between seasonality and disturbance with tree turnover and species diversity. While tree mortality and recruitment rates were approximately in balance at some localities, in others there were imbalances between mortality and recruitment rates.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Fragmentation can fundamentally alter the structure of tropical forests. However, the impacts of fragmentation may vary significantly among regions and lead to different outcomes.

Aims: We examined the structure, composition and dynamics of a forest fragment in Singapore to investigate reasons for the apparent resilience of this forest to long-term isolation.

Methods: We conducted 5 censuses of 12,688 trees ≥1-cm dbh in a 2-ha plot on the edge of the fragment between 1993 and 2012.

Results: Stem density and basal area were not significantly different between 1993 and 2012 and were typical of other south-east Asian forests. However, there were short-term decreases in both variables after droughts in 1997 and 2009, both followed by recovery. Total mortality rate over the 19 years was 3.3% year?1, considerably higher than other tropical forests in Asia, but it was balanced by high recruitment. The 10 most abundant species were primary forest species, pioneer species comprised <5% of all stems, and none of the 338 species in the plot was exotic. However, species abundances changed more than expected by chance for 86 species, and the rank order of the commonest species changed significantly. Species abundance changes were not related to known species traits.

Conclusions: Despite the long period of isolation, we found a surprising level of resilience of the Bukit Timah forest. While the forest may be more sensitive to the effects of climatic fluctuations at decadal time scales, there were very few signs of forest degradation in this diverse fragment of tropical forest.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号