祁连山亚高山灌丛优势植物水分来源

选取祁连山东部亚高山灌丛的6种优势植物:山生柳(Salix oritrepha Schneid)、头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum Maxim)、绣线菊(Spiraea salicifolia L.)、高山柳(Salix cupularis)、千里香杜鹃(Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim)和金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa Linn),利用稳定同位素技术及多元线性混合模型(Isosource)定量分析典型高寒区植物的水分来源。结果表明:乌鞘岭地区7—8月的大气降水线为δD=7.775δ~(18)O+12.34(R~2=0.871,P0.001),反映了该地区气温低,湿度大的气候特点;6种优势植物的水分来源主要是降水,其次为0—10cm土壤水,地下水对各种植物水分的贡献率最小;6种优势植物对各水源的利用在不同时段有差异,7月份主要利用降水和浅层土壤水,而8月份各种植物的主要水源均为降水;绣线菊和头花杜鹃利用土壤水分的能力较强,头花杜鹃对地下水的利用率高于其他植物。     

东祁连山灌丛凋落叶水浸提液对垂穗披碱草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了解灌丛凋落叶在灌草群落结构维持中可能存在的潜在化感作用，以东祁连山3种优势灌木和灌下优势草种垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)为供试材料，分析了不同浓度(0.01 g/L、0.025 g/L、0.05 g/L、0.075 g/L、0.1 g/L)的金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)、川滇柳(Salix rehderiana)、头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum)及灌间草本的凋落叶水浸提液，对垂穗披碱草种子萌发、幼苗形态和生理指标的影响。结果表明：(1)垂穗披碱草种子发芽率与发芽势在金露梅与川滇柳凋落叶浸提液处理下呈“低促高抑”的浓度效应，在灌间草本凋落叶浸提液处理时表现为先升后降，而头花杜鹃凋落叶浸提液处理时均下降，并在浓度超过0.075 g/L时种子不发芽。(2)灌丛凋落叶浸提液对垂穗披碱草幼苗根长与干重均表现出抑制作用，且随浓度增大而增强；金露梅、川滇柳与灌间草本凋落叶浸提液对垂穗披碱草幼苗苗高表现出“低促高抑”的浓度效应；而头花杜鹃凋落叶浸提液处理对垂穗披碱草幼苗鲜重与苗高均呈抑制作用。(3)垂穗披碱草幼苗CAT、SOD活性随着浸提液...     

青海省高寒灌丛物种多样性、生物量及其关系

物种多样性对生态系统功能的作用是生物多样性研究的核心领域之一,生物量水平是生态系统功能的重要表现形式,而植物群落的生物量则是生态系统生物量的基础,因此研究植物群落物种多样性与生物量的关系,对于阐明植物多样性对生态系统功能的作用具有重要意义。通过对青海省高寒灌丛生物量、灌丛物种多样性特征以及与生物量的关系调查,得到以下结果:(1)被调查灌木植被群落的40个样地中共出现了207种植物(其中灌木植物18种,草本植物189种),隶属于130属,43科,灌木以蔷薇科、杜鹃花科为主,而草本以菊科、龙胆科、毛茛科和莎草科占优势。(2)群落多样性指数偏低,植物群落结构简单,物种组成稀少。小叶金露梅群落的多样性指数最大,金露梅群落、细枝绣线菊群落和鲜卑花群落次之,百里香杜鹃+头花杜鹃群落最低。(3)不同高寒灌丛类型生物量介于1893.03—7585.41 g/m~2之间,平均值为3775.9 g/m2,其中灌木生物量占灌丛总生物量的73.55%,草本为26.45%。(4)总生物量随草本物种多样性和群落物种多样性的增加而减小;草本生物量随其物种多样性的增加而减小,而灌木物种多样性与其生物量并无显著相关性。     

祁连山水源区主要树种耐旱性研究

应用P-V技术对祁连山水源涵养林主要树种水分参数进行测定分析.结果表明,不同水分参数在树种上的变化规律各异,反映了植物耐旱机理的复杂性;对10项水分参数的主成分分析结果显示,以|φπ₁₀₀-φπ₀ |、RCV、ROWC₀和 ε_max 分析植物的耐旱性能具有可靠性.用两种几何数学方法的分析结果表明,按照耐旱性大小可将供试树种分为耐旱性强树种（青海云杉和千里香杜鹃）、耐旱性较强树种（祁连圆柏、烈香杜鹃、头花杜鹃和青海杜鹃）、耐旱性较弱树种（金露梅、绣线菊和红桦）和耐旱性弱树种（青杨）.苗木清晨叶水势与土壤含水率间变化趋势可以用双曲线方程、幂函数式（或指数函数式）取得满意的拟合.通过逐步聚类分析,按照树种主要耐旱机理可分为高水势延迟脱水耐旱树种（红桦和青海杜鹃）、亚高水势延迟脱水型树种（青海云杉、千里香杜鹃和头花杜鹃）、亚低水势忍耐脱水耐旱树种（祁连圆柏）与低水势忍耐脱水型耐旱树种（金露梅、绣线菊和烈香杜鹃）.     

拉萨河流域植物群落的数量分类与排序

青藏高原植物群落空间分异格局是异质生境条件下物种性状、种间相互作用等生态学过程共同作用的结果,对其分析有助于深入理解群落形成与环境因子之间的关系。基于拉萨河流域自然植被样带调查,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)等方法,探讨了群落的结构组成及影响其结构分异的主导环境因子。结果表明:(1) TWINSPAN数量分类将拉萨河流域草地系统划分成12个群系类型,即圆叶合头菊+唐古拉翠雀花群系;紫花针茅群系;青藏臺草群系;雪层杜鹃+鲜卑花-西藏嵩草群系;高山嵩草群系;小叶金露梅群系;硬叶柳+杯腺柳群系;水栒子+拱枝绣线菊-高山嵩草群系;绢毛蔷薇-冷蒿+白草群系;大果圆柏-垂穗披碱草群系;铺地柏-藏橐吾+高原荨麻群系;醉鱼草+砂生槐群系。12种群系类型包含了较多的植被类型,包括高寒灌丛草甸、高寒灌丛草原、稀树草原、高寒草甸和高寒草原等。(2) CCA排序表明:影响拉萨河流域植物群系分布的主要环境因子是年均温度、海拔和经度和纬度,其次是年均降雨量。(3) TWINSPAN分类与CCA排序结合反映了群系分布格局变异与环境因子之间的关系,可为拉萨河流域草地的保护和可持续利用,以及相关的植被群落研究提供参考。     

岷江干旱河谷植物群落物种周转速率与环境因子的关系

通过对岷江干旱河谷植被及其环境因子的系统取样调查 ,采用β多样性指数 - Cody指数 ,从海拔、样带、群系、地形以及土壤养分、水分梯度上研究了该地区植物群落的物种周转速率。结果表明 :随海拔的升高 ,物种周转速率表现出“高 -低 -高”的变化规律。在海拔 130 0～ 16 0 0 m和 190 0～ 2 2 0 0 m这两个海拔段 ,物种平均替代速率均较高 ;而在 16 0 0～ 190 0 m海拔段 ,物种平均替代速率较低。β多样性在样带梯度上的变化表现为干旱河谷核心区的样带较南部和北部过渡区的样带有较高的物种周转速率 ,这与样带所处的环境条件有关。群系之间的β多样性表现为 :华帚菊 -小黄素馨灌丛、金花小檗 -忍冬灌丛、黄花亚菊灌丛、子栎灌丛、小花滇紫草灌丛、莸灌丛、绣线菊灌丛与其它灌丛之间有着较高的物种周转速率。坡面不同地形上的物种周转速率 :不同坡向 ,阴坡 >半阴半阳坡 >阳坡 ;不同坡形 ,凹坡 >平坡 >凸坡 ;不同坡位 ,下坡位 >上坡位 >中坡位。β多样性在土壤水分和养分梯度上的变化表现为与土壤水解 N、速效 K、全 N含量、全 P含量以及土壤含水量成显著的二次曲线关系 ,与土壤有机质和全 K含量也呈现出二次曲线关系 ,但关系不显著 ,与 p H值和速效 P之间没有明显的规律     

祁连山金露梅灌丛草甸群落结构及主要种群的点格局分析

金露梅灌丛草甸是青藏高原高寒草地生态系统的重要组分之一,采用Ripley的K(t)函数分析方法,对放牧和封育条件下主要种群的分布格局和种间关系及金露梅灌丛群落动态变化进行了研究.结果表明:(1)经过6年的围栏封育,金露梅灌丛草甸主要种群的空间分布格局表现出从均匀或随机分布向随机或聚集分布转变的趋势,聚集强度随围封尺度增大而增加,随放牧的干扰而降低,聚集分布有利于种群发挥功能群整体效应.(2)围栏内不同功能群之间主要呈显著正关联;围栏外的禾草与杂类草、莎草与杂类草之间均呈显著负关联,出现种间资源竞争,且随着尺度的增大负关联逐渐增强,不同物种的生态位差异明显.(3)围栏内外种群点格局分布都具有明显的尺度依赖性,植物间相互作用和外界放牧干扰是影响物种不同尺度下空间格局变化的主要原因,点格局的变化驱动了群落结构的变化.可见,长期夏季放牧抑制了高寒金露梅灌丛草甸禾草和莎草植物的分株和生长,促进了杂类草的生长,金露梅灌丛草甸呈现出退化的趋势,围栏封育有利于草地生态系统的恢复演替.     

青藏高原草枯期植物群落与海拔对西藏马鹿食物组成的影响

西藏马鹿如何适应草枯期高海拔环境是其维持营养摄入所面临的挑战之一。深入研究草枯期植物群落随海拔变化规律以及二者变化如何影响西藏马鹿食物组成是开展高原生态系统野生大型有蹄类营养生态学研究的重要基础。本研究以西藏山南地区桑日县西藏马鹿种群为对象,于2021年3月和2022年3月青藏高原草枯期,对西藏马鹿种群出现点的海拔、植物群落和采食痕迹开展野外调查,通过去趋势对应分析和典范对应分析分别研究植物群落随海拔变化的特点和西藏马鹿食物组成随海拔变化的规律。结果表明：西藏马鹿草枯期食物组成主要包括褐背柳、腺果大叶蔷薇和小叶金露梅等,其中褐背柳的采食比例超过50%,为草枯期西藏马鹿重要食物来源;在低海拔区域(4100～4300 m),植物群落主要包括变色锦鸡儿、腺果大叶蔷薇和西藏沙棘等,西藏马鹿主要以腺果大叶蔷薇、变色锦鸡儿和藏沙蒿为食物;在高海拔区域(4300～4600 m),植物群落由雪层杜鹃、草莓花杜鹃和窄叶鲜卑花等组成,西藏马鹿主要以褐背柳、毛坡柳、康藏嵩草等为食物。西藏马鹿在不同海拔均以植物群落优势种为主要食物,表明植物群落组成随海拔的变化直接影响西藏马鹿的食物组成,即西藏马鹿随海拔变化具...     

山西太岳山兴唐寺红柄白鹃梅群落优势种的空间格局分析

使用点格局分析和分形分析(计盒维数、信息维数、关联维数)方法, 对山西太岳山兴唐寺红柄白鹃梅(Exochorda giraldii)群落进行了空间格局分析。结果表明: 1)红柄白鹃梅群落优势种在较小的尺度上呈现聚集分布的特点, 其中, 杠柳(Periploca sepium)和绣线菊(Spiraea salicifolia)在所有尺度上呈现聚集分布, 红柄白鹃梅和连翘(Forsythia suspensa)随着尺度的增加, 呈现聚集分布—随机分布—均匀分布的规律; 2)红柄白鹃梅群落优势种在不同尺度上表现出聚集分布的特点; 3)红柄白鹃梅群落优势种占据空间能力的大小为: 红柄白鹃梅>连翘>绣线菊>杠柳; 4)红柄白鹃梅群落优势种格局强度的尺度变化程度为: 杠柳>绣线菊>红柄白鹃梅>连翘; 5)红柄白鹃梅群落优势种个体空间相关程度为: 杠柳>红柄白鹃梅>连翘>绣线菊。点格局分析与分形分析结果一致, 揭示了暖温带落叶阔叶林遭到破坏后形成的次生灌丛的空间分布格局。     

光照对不同海拔的南川绣线菊和锥花小檗种子萌发的影响

对青藏高原东缘不同海拔的南川绣线菊(海拔2500、2700、3020和3300 m)和锥花小檗种子(海拔2160、2760、3000和3250 m)在12 h光周期和24 h全黑暗条件下的萌发进行了研究。结果表明:(1)南川绣线菊的种子大小与海拔之间呈显著负相关,锥花小檗的种子大小与海拔无显著相关性。(2)南川绣线菊种子,除有光条件下种子的萌发率与海拔有较弱正相关外,光下萌发速率、暗处萌发速率、暗处萌发率均与海拔有显著的正相关;锥花小檗种子在光、暗培养条件下的萌发率、萌发速率与海拔之间均没有相关性,但不同海拔种子的萌发率、萌发速率有显著差异,2760 m采集的种子萌发能力最高,随海拔降低或升高,萌发能力降低。(3)不同海拔采集的南川绣线菊种子在有光条件下的萌发率、萌发速率均显著高于黑暗条件,这种差异随着海拔升高到3250 m,变得不明显。光、暗培养条件对不同海拔锥花小檗种子的萌发率和萌发速率均没有影响。说明海拔和光照条件是造成南川绣线菊种子萌发能力差异的主要原因,而海拔能造成锥花小檗种子萌发能力差异,但光照对其萌发能力没有影响。     

祁连山典型高山灌丛树干茎流特征

2010年6—10月,对祁连山中段托勒南山金露梅、高山柳、沙棘和鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛树干茎流进行试验观测,研究了高山灌丛树干茎流特征,以及降雨和冠层结构对灌丛树干茎流的影响.结果表明:灌丛产生树干茎流需要2.1mm的前期降雨量;金露梅、高山柳、沙棘和鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛树干茎流率分别为3.4%、3.2%、8.0%和4.2%,树干茎流量与降雨量之间成显著正线性相关;随着雨量级的增加,树干茎流率呈增加-减少-增加的趋势;4种灌丛茎干集流率分别为59、30、110和49,树干茎流对根际区水分补给作用明显;灌丛树干茎流率与最大10min雨强(I10)呈指数关系,当I10>6.0mm·h-1时,高山柳和沙棘树干茎流率继续增大,而金露梅和高山柳树干茎流率趋于稳定;冠层结构对树干茎流的影响较复杂,相同降雨条件下,株高和投影面积是祁连山高山灌丛树干茎流的主要影响因子.     

The role of shrub (Potentilla fruticosa) on ecosystem CO2 fluxes in an alpine shrub meadow

Aims Recent studies have shown that alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau act as significant CO₂ sinks. On the plateau, alpine shrub meadow is one of typical grassland ecosystems. The major alpine shrub on the plateau is Potentilla fruticosa L. (Rosaceae), which is distributed widely from 3 200 to 4 000 m. Shrub species play an important role on carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. In addition, alpine shrubs are sensitive to climate change such as global warming. Considering global warming, the biomass and productivity of P. fruticosa will increase on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Thus, understanding the carbon dynamics in alpine shrub meadow and the role of shrubs around the upper distribution limit at present is essential to predict the change in carbon sequestration on the plateau. However, the role of shrubs on the carbon dynamics in alpine shrub meadow remains unclear. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the magnitude of CO₂ exchange of P. fruticosa shrub patches around the upper distribution limit and to elucidate the role of P. fruticosa on ecosystem CO₂ fluxes in an alpine meadow.Methods We used the static acrylic chamber technique to measure and estimate the net ecosystem productivity (NEP), ecosystem respiration (R e), and gross primary productivity (GPP) of P. fruticosa shrub patches at three elevations around the species' upper distribution limit. Ecosystem CO₂ fluxes and environmental factors were measured from 17 to 20 July 2008 at 3 400, 3 600, and 3 800 m a.s.l. We examined the maximum GPP at infinite light (GPP max) and maximum R e (R emax) during the experimental time at each elevation in relation to aboveground biomass and environmental factors, including air and soil temperature, and soil water content.Important findings Patches of P. fruticosa around the species' upper distribution limit absorbed CO₂, at least during the daytime. Maximum NEP at infinite light (NEP max) and GPP max of shrub patches in the alpine meadow varied among the three elevations, with the highest values at 3 400 m and the lowest at 3 800 m. GPP max was positively correlated with the green biomass of P. fruticosa more strongly than with total green biomass, suggesting that P. fruticosa is the major contributor to CO₂ uptake in the alpine shrub meadow. Air temperature influenced the potential GPP at the shrub-patch scale. R emax was correlated with aboveground biomass and R emax normalized by aboveground biomass was influenced by soil water content. Potentilla fruticosa height (biomass) and frequency increased clearly as elevation decreased, which promotes the large-scale spatial variation of carbon uptake and the strength of the carbon sink at lower elevations.     

太白山5种杜鹃属植物叶片光合特性及解剖结构的生态适应性研究

对分布于太白山海拔2 000～3 700 m的5种杜鹃属植物的叶片光合特性和形态解剖结构进行了研究.结果显示:头花杜鹃分布于高山灌丛,光饱和点、光补偿点高,强光适应性好,耐荫性差;爬枇杷分布于3 000～3 400 m的太白红杉林下,光饱和点较低,光补偿点最高,利用强光能力较弱,生态幅较窄;金背杜鹃、药枇杷、秀雅杜鹃分布于2 000～3 200 m的红桦、牛皮桦林下,光补偿点低,耐荫性强,生态幅宽.在形态结构上,5种杜鹃的栅海组织比均远小于1,属耐荫植物.头花杜鹃叶表密被鳞片,栅栏组织发达,通气组织发达;爬枇杷栅栏组织发达,排列紧密;金背杜鹃叶下表皮密被毛,气孔密度最高,海绵组织排列疏松;秀雅杜鹃叶上下表皮密被鳞片;药枇杷的栅栏组织厚度最小,栅海组织比最低.研究表明,5种杜鹃属植物叶片结构特征的形成是对生境条件长期适应的结果.     

秦岭太白山高山灌丛群落研究

本文研究了太白山高山灌丛群落的种类组成、结构特征和分布特点,用数量分类方法划分了不同的群落类型,并讨论了灌丛与草甸群落的演替关系。     

根田鼠对不同类型栖息地的利用

为研究根田鼠(Microtus oeconomus)对不同类型栖息地的利用强度,于2002-2003年的7-9月在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区采用样方法测定了4种类型栖息地(人工耕作地、真草甸、沼泽化草甸、金露梅灌丛)中的3个根田鼠活动强度变量(跑道长度、跑道分叉数、洞口数)。除了跑道长度和跑道分叉数在真草甸和沼泽化草甸问差异不显著外,3活动强度变量在不同类型栖息地间均差异显著,而且变化趋势一致;根田鼠对4类栖息地的利用强度从大到小依次为金露梅灌丛、沼泽化草甸、真草甸、人工耕作地。整体上根田鼠表现为偏好利用食物资源丰富、没有竞争性啮齿类栖息、较为郁闭的栖息地。     

白龙江上游地区森林植物群落物种多样性的研究

 白龙江上游地区属长江防护林工程重点地区之一。根据36个样地的调查资料,分析了该地区森林植物群落物种多样性的特征：群落内各层物种丰富度指数的大小顺序为“灌木层>草本层>乔木层”;均匀度指数变化比较复杂,在杜鹃巴山冷杉（Rhododendron fastigiatum-Abies fargesii）林中为“草本层>灌木层>乔木层”,在苔藓巴山冷杉林中为“乔木层>灌木层>草本层”,其余群落中为“灌木层>草本层>乔木层”;多样性指数的大小顺序为“乔木层<灌木层和草本层”,而灌木层与草本层的多样性指数随林分郁闭度变化而变化,在郁闭度30%的杜鹃巴山冷杉林中,草本层大于灌木层,在郁闭度47%的箭竹巴山冷杉林中,草本层和灌木层相当,在郁闭度55%以上的各个群落内,灌木层大于草本层。同一海拔不同坡向群落的物种多样性表现为分布于阳坡的油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）林大于分布于阴坡的草类云杉（Picea asperata）林。物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化表现为随海拔升高先降低后增加,从海拔2 400 m的栎类阔叶林,2 600 m的草类云杉林,2 800 m的箭竹(Sinarundinaria nitida)巴山冷杉林,到3 000 m的苔藓巴山冷杉林和3 200 m的杜鹃巴山冷杉林,物种多样性依次下降,到海拔3 400 m的高山杜鹃（Rhododendron fastigiatum）灌丛,物种多样性增加。物种多样性在紫果云杉(Picea purpurea)林的演替系列中表现为随群落演替发展而增加,后降低,在针阔混交林阶段达到最大。     

Acaulospora alpina, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species characteristic for high mountainous and alpine regions of the Swiss Alps

Acaulospora alpina sp. nov. forms small (65-85 microm diam), dark yellow to orange-brown spores laterally on the neck of hyaline to subhyaline sporiferous saccules. The spores have a three-layered outer spore wall, a bi-layered middle wall and a three-layered inner wall. The surface of the second layer of the outer spore wall is ornamented, having regular, circular pits (1.5-2 microm diam) that are as deep as wide and truncated conical. A "beaded" wall layer as found in most other Acaulospora spp. is lacking. The spore morphology of A. alpina resembles that of A. paulinae but can be differentiated easily by the unique ornamentation with the characteristic pits and by the spore color. A key is presented summarizing the morphological differences among Acaulospora species with an ornamented outer spore wall. Partial DNA sequences of the ITS1, 5.8S subunit and ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA show that A. alpina and A. paulinae are not closely related. Acaulospora lacunosa, which has similar color but has generally bigger spores, also has distinct rDNA sequences. Acaulospora alpina is a characteristic member of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in soils with pH 3.5-6.5 in grasslands of the Swiss Alps at altitudes between 1800 and 2700 m above sea level. It is less frequent at 1300-1800 m above sea level, and it so far has not been found in the Alps below 1300 m or in the lowlands of Switzerland.     

Above- and Belowground Biomass Allocation in Shrub Biomes across the Northeast Tibetan Plateau

Biomass partitioning has been explored across various biomes. However, the strategies of allocation in plants still remain contentious. This study investigated allocation patterns of above- and belowground biomass at the community level, using biomass survey from the Tibetan Plateau. We explored above- and belowground biomass by conducting three consecutive sampling campaigns across shrub biomes on the northeast Tibetan Plateau during 2011–2013. We then documented the above-ground biomass (AGB), below-ground biomass (BGB) and root: shoot ratio (R/S) and the relationships between R/S and environment factors using data from 201 plots surveyed from 67 sites. We further examined relationships between above-ground and below-ground biomass across various shrub types. Our results indicated that the median values of AGB, BGB, and R/S in Tibetan shrub were 1102.55, 874.91 g m^-2, and 0.85, respectively. R/S showed significant trend with mean annual precipitation (MAP), while decreased with mean annual temperature (MAT). Reduced major axis analysis indicated that the slope of the log-log relationship between above- and belowground biomass revealed a significant difference from 1.0 over space, supporting the optimal hypothesis. Interestingly, the slopes of the allometric relationship between log AGB and log BGB differed significantly between alpine and desert shrub. Our findings supported the optimal theory of above- and belowground biomass partitioning in Tibetan shrub, while the isometric hypothesis for alpine shrub at the community level.     

Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene flow in a small, fragmented population of Sinojackia rehderiana (Styracaceae), an endangered tree species endemic to China

Populations of Sinojackia rehderiana are highly threatened and have small and scattered distribution due to habitat fragmentation and human activities. Understanding changes in genetic diversity, the fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) at different life stages and gene flow of S. rehderiana is critical for developing successful conservation strategies for fragmented populations of this endangered species. In this study, 208 adults, 114 juveniles and 136 seedlings in a 50 × 100-m transect within an old-growth forest were mapped and genotyped using eight microsatellite makers to investigate the genetic diversity and SGS of this species. No significant differences in genetic diversity among different life-history stages were found. However, a significant heterozygote deficiency in adults and seedlings may result from substantial biparental inbreeding. Significant fine-scale spatial structure was found in different life-history stages within 19 m, suggesting that seed dispersal mainly occurred near a mother tree. Both historical and contemporary estimates of gene flow (13.06 and 16.77 m) indicated short-distance gene dispersal in isolated populations of S. rehderiana. The consistent spatial structure revealed in different life stages is most likely the result of limited gene flow. Our results have important implications for conservation of extant populations of S. rehderiana. Measures for promoting pollen flow should be taken for in situ conservation. The presence of a SGS in fragmented populations implies that seeds for ex situ conservation should be collected from trees at least 19-m apart to reduce genetic similarity between neighbouring individuals.     

青海高寒区域金露梅灌丛草甸灌木和草本植物固碳量的比较

以青海海北高寒区域金露梅（PotentillafruticosaLinn.）灌丛草甸为研究对象,分析了6月至9月金露梅灌丛草甸灌木和草本植物不同部位的生物碳量,并据此对灌木及草本植物的年净初级生产碳量进行了比较。结果显示：金露梅灌丛草甸灌木植物地上部和地下部不同层次的生物量和碳含量均有明显差异,根据生物量所占比例确定其地上部和地下部的平均碳含量分别为0.50和0.48。依据不同月份灌丛冠面最大长度、最小宽度和最大高度,采用方程“Wij=e〔aln（A·B·H）＋b〕”计算灌木地上当年新生生物碳量、地上多年累积生物碳量和地下多年累积生物碳量,相关性均极显著（P〈0.01）,表明利用该方程评估金露梅灌丛草甸灌木不同部位的生物碳量是可行的。不同月份金露梅灌丛草甸灌木地上当年新生生物碳量、地上多年累积生物碳量和地下多年累积生物碳量分别为9.36-21.15、78.07-90.12和74.37-101.22g·m-2,差异不明显;其地上部和地下部净初级生产碳量分别为33.20和26.85g·m-2,总计为60.05g·m-2。金露梅灌丛草甸草本植物地上部和地下部净初级生产碳量分别为111.41和445.41g·m-2,总计为556.82g·m-2。如果根据草本和灌木占地面积78%和22%进行加权计算,则金露梅灌丛草甸当年的总净初级生产碳量为447.53g·m-2,其中灌木的净初级生产碳量仅占2.95%,且金露梅灌丛草甸地下部与地上部净初级生产碳量的比值为3.75。研究结果显示：青海高寒区域金露梅灌丛草甸以草本固碳为主,且地下部净初级生产碳量明显高于其地上部。