承德市油松针叶硫及重金属含量动态及其与大气SO2之间的关系

本文分析了承德市油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｔａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）针叶硫和重金属含量变化及其与大气ＳＯ＿２浓度之间的相关性,探讨了油松针叶对大气ＳＯ＿２的生物监测作用,结果认为：植物Ｓ含量生长末期＞休眠期＞生长初期＞生长旺盛期（ｐ＜０．００１）;重金属中Ｐｂ表现为类似的规律,Ｓ和Ｐｂ含量分别从０．７５ｍｇ·ｇ￣（－１）和０．７μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）上升到１．５８ｍｇ·ｇ￣（－１）和２．０μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）。Ｎｉ变化不明显;Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ和Ｆｅ呈下降趋势,但Ｚｎ在休眠期略有回升。Ｍｎ在休眠期最高,但生长期也很高,其余季节相对较低。这种变化特点与大气中ＳＯ＿２和总悬浮颗植物（ＴＳＰ）的变化趋势基本一致;油松针叶Ｓ含量与大气ＳＯ＿２浓度之间具有很显著的相关性,其中火车站监测点生长季节相关公式Ｙ＝－０．０２６３＋０．０９６５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．８９１１,ｐ＜０．００１）;城区Ｙ＝０．０１２６＋０．０６１８Ｘ（ｒ＝０．７８４１,ｐ＜０．０１）。利用后者可对整个承德市区的大气ＳＯ＿２污染状况进行生物监测。     

运用油松年轮提示承德市硫及重金属污染的历史

 本文利用油松年轮研究了承德市自1800年以来大气污染的历史过程,结果表明：避暑山庄油松年轮内S含量自本世纪初开始升高,比19世纪初增加1—2倍,至70—80年代达3—5倍,而在最近8—10年则达到10倍以上。 其中碧峰门古松木质部年轮内S含量由40—50μg·g-1达到目前的572.9μg·g-1,从而指示出承德市大气SO2浓度由城市化初期的<0.1 mg·m-3增加到目前的30mg·m-3,这一历史过程主要与城市化过程尤其是近50年来工业化的出现并加剧有密切的关系。随着1927—1945年大庙铁矿的开采,年轮内Fe明显增高。Mn在整个历史时期表现为增加趋势,由1840—1850年的4.1μg·g-1增加到1980—1990年的10.4μg·g-1。Pb在1980年前的含量增加不明显,但在最近10年内形成的木质部中,Pb含量明显增加,超过1920—1930年的560%。Cu、Zn、Ni含量的变化不表现线性增加,除个别点的某些时期变化较大外,基本上很平缓。19世纪初油松年轮内S及重金属含量最低,可视为油松内元素自然背景值,与该值比较,1980—1990年这10年内年轮S含量增加了10倍,Fe,2.4倍;Pb,1.8倍;Mn,1.5倍;Ni,1.0倍;Zn,0.8倍。 日益加剧的大气污染尤其是SO2的污染,造成承德市大气质量严重下降,同时危及古松的生存,造成古松大量死亡,必须引起高度重视。     

沿海防护林防海煞危害初探

通过后牧村海岸防护林带附近空气中主要盐离子飘尘的观测分析表明,林带对大气盐尘的吸附和截留作用,无林带地区平均沉降量为４．３μｇ．ｍ＾－３．１００ｍ＾－１,通过林带时为１８．４μｍ＾－３．１００ｍ＾－１。林带的吸队量与树种、枝叶形状有关,侧柏对Ｃｌ＾－和Ｎａ＾＋的吸附量分别为６３３０和３３５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,而黑松为１５７０和９５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,空气中盐尘受天气条件特别是风速的影响,阴天,风速     

长江三峡地区优势植物的化学元素含量特征

分析了三峡地区１６种优势植物２０个元素的自然含量特征。〉１０００μｇ．ｇ＾－１的元素有Ｃａ,Ｋ和Ｍｇ,１００－１０００μｇ．ｇ＾－１的元素有Ａｌ,Ｐ,Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,Ｓ和Ｍｎ,１０－１００μｇ．ｇ．＾－１的元素有Ｎａ,Ｓｒ,Ｚｎ,Ｂ,〈１０μｇ．ｇ＾－１的元素有Ｔｉ,Ｃｕ,Ｎｉ,Ｃｒ,Ｍｏ,Ｃｄ和Ｖ。     

新疆呼图壁种牛场地区13种优势植物水溶性盐分的含量特点及数量分析

通过对新疆呼图壁种牛场地区１３种耐盐植物水溶性盐分含量的分析,结果阐述了盐分分布和积累的特点：１）大部分植物在盐分含量水平上是：Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋〉Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｃｌ＾－〉ＳＯ４＾２－〉ＨＣＯ３＾－〉ＣＯ３＾２－,Ｎａ＾＋超过２００００μｇ／ｇ,Ｃａ＾２＋不足８００μｇ／ｇ;Ｃｌ＾－达４．１６％,ＣＯ３＾２－仅为０．１１％。全盐量平均为２５．８１％;２）ＣＯ３＾２－、ＨＣＯ３＾－和Ｃａ＾２     

深圳福田白骨壤群落Cr,Ni,Mn的累积及分布

探讨了深圳福田自然保护区白骨壤红树林对Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ的吸收、累积及分布．结果表明,该林地土壤Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ含量从底层至表层逐步提高;表层（０～３０ｃｍ深）３种元素含量分别为７．９７、２５．０和５３７μｇ·ｇ－１,贮量分别为１０９９．８６、３４５０．００和７４１０６．００ｍｇ·ｍ－２．白骨壤植物各部位Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ含量范围分别为０．２８～０．７５、０．４３～７．６５和２５～１５５２μｇ·ｇ－１;植物对表层土壤加权平均富集系数为Ｍｎ＞Ｎｉ≈Ｃｒ．该群落Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ的现存累积量分别为６．０６、２０．７６和１６３１．１７ｍｇ·ｍ－２,年净存留累积量分别为０．４３、１．４３和１０７．９８ｍｇ·ｍ－２;林地残留物相应元素储量分别为Ｃｒ７８．００μｇ·ｍ－２、Ｎｉ１５３６．３３μｇ·ｍ－２和Ｍｎ４０５．５４ｍｇ·ｍ－２．该林区３种不同类型群落叶层Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ现存累积量为白骨壤林＞桐花树林＞秋茄林,Ｍｎ为秋茄林＞白骨壤林＞桐花树林．     

影响高山红景天细胞悬浮培养中细胞生长和红景天苷积累的几个…

高山红景天细胞悬浮培养过程中３ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１６－ＢＡ,０．３ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ,６０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１氮源、０．５￣１．２５ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４和２０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１蛋白胨,较适合于细胞生长和红景天苷的积累。在适宜的接种量下细胞培养２４ｄ后,生物量达１４．０４ｇ·Ｌ＾－１,干细胞中红景天苷含量为５．６６ｍｇ·ｇ＾－１。     

榨菜胞质雄性不育系瘤状茎形成期间植株叶片生长与光合速 …

榨菜胞质雄性不育系在瘤状茎形成时期植株的生长速率、叶片厚度,比叶重及叶绿素含量明显低于保持系,叶面积发育速度也较慢。光合速率比保持系的低,但二者的变化趋势相似。榨菜的单叶净光合速率以第２、３、４叶片最强。不育系和保持系的光孢和点μｍｏｌ光量子．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１和１４００μｍｏｌ光量子．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－２,而光补偿 １３０μｍｏｌ光量子．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１、５０μｍｏｌ光量子ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１。     

高强光下SO^2—3和F^—对盐藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响

高强光下，盐藻以５０ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１和ＳＯ６２－３和Ｆ＾－处理１ｈ后，其体内ＭＤＡ含量上升，ＳＯＤ活性，Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ，Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ，ＰＳⅡ电子传递活性和游离－ＳＨ含量均下降；２．以ＳＯ＾２－３处理后转置于低强江下３ｈ，ＤＮＡ含量下降，Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ，Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ，ΦＰＳⅡ和ＳＯＤ活性回升，游离－ＳＨ含量增加，暗下不能恢复；９３０以Ｆ＾－处理后无论在低强江或暗下上述指标都不能恢复，甚至继续发展。     

深山含笑的组织培养和快速繁殖

组织培养深山含笑的实验结果表明：利用休眠芽和种子萌发时实生苗的上胚轴及下胚轴为外植体均能诱导出愈伤组织和不定芽,其中无菌实生苗的上胚轴最易诱导出不定芽,无菌实生苗的下胚轴最易诱导出愈伤组织。外体植体在ＭＳ＋１．０－２．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ２,４－Ｄ培养基上只产生愈伤组织;在ＭＳ＋３．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ＢＡ＋０．２ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ＮＡＡ培养基上产生较多的不定芽和较多的愈伤组织;在ＭＳ＋２．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾     

内蒙古草原沙地白扦年轮生长指数的变异

The variation in ring growth indices of Picea meyeri was assessed by dendrochronological techniques including response functions, correlation functions and single-year analysis on sandy dunes in the Xilin River basin steppe. The results show that growth of Picea meyeri was sensitive to climate change. Furthermore, it was determined that mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation from September of the current year to August of the preceding year can account for about 70% of the variance in the tree-ring width. The rainfalls in February and May of the current year together with that of the previous September were significantly correlated with the current year’s growth pattern. Additionally ,radial growth was negatively correlated with mean monthly temperature in current May. In this region the sandy substrate is characterized by high water infiltration and low soil moisture evaporation rates. As a result, relatively high precipitation from prior August to prior October can be reserved in the sandy soil and the Picea meyeri trees show strong adaptation to the sandy substrate in these se- mi-arid grasslands. Therefore, the establishment of Picea meyeri forest plantations in the sandy belt along the middle reaches of Xilin River are deemed feasible.     

内蒙古草原沙地白扦年轮生长指数的变异内蒙古草原沙地白扦年轮生长指数的变异

运用响应函数、相关函数、单年分析等树木年轮气候学的方法 ,研究了锡林河流域草原沙地上白扦年轮生长指数的变异。结果表明 :白扦的生长对环境的变化相当敏感 ,当年 9月至上年 8月的月平均温度和月降雨量解释年轮宽度方差量的约 70 % ;白扦当年的生长量与上年 9月、当年 2月、5月的降雨量之间具明显的正相关性 ,而与当年 5月的大气温度具显著负相关关系。由于沙地具有渗透性较强和防止土壤深层水分蒸发的特点 ,特别是上年 8～10月的降雨可部分保存于沙地内 ,便于植物下年利用。由此认为 ,在沿锡林河流域中部的沙带上 ,建立以现有白扦为分布中心的人工白扦林将是完全可行的     

树鼩血红蛋白正常值测定

本文报道了30只产于我国云南的成年树鼩(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)的血红蛋白正常值。结果如下:抗碱血红蛋白均数(％)为0.90±0.09,HbF细胞均数(％)0.10±0.05,Heinz小体生成率均数(％)为12.35±0.81,热变性血红蛋白均数(％)为2.48±0.35,血红蛋白溶解度均数(％) 为83.58±1.12。异丙醇试验为阴性,未见H包涵体。上述结果与人的血红蛋白正常值进行了分析比较。血红蛋白的醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳显示了树鼩Hb的五个区带,树鼩Hb的电泳迁移率慢于人的Hb。     

Growth decline of Pinus Massoniana in response to warming induced drought and increasing intrinsic water use efficiency in humid subtropical China

Pinus Massoniana is the most widely distributed coniferous species in southern China and one of the most distributed species for plantation in China. It is not uncertain about the responses of tree growth to the combined effects of regional drying and the increase in the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) due to increased atmospheric CO₂. This study addressed this issue by comparing the tree growth patterns as represented by three tree-ring width chronologies with climate variables and three iWUE series derived from three tree-ring stable carbon isotope discrimination chronologies (Δ¹³C) from Pinus Massoniana in Daiyun Mountain, central Fujian province of China. Among these chronologies, we reported the first tree-ring carbon isotope discrimination chronologies (Δ¹³C) from Fuzhou area spanning last 210 years. It was found that tree radial growth is mainly limited by dry condition from May to October. Growth limitation by cold condition was only found in one high altitude site (780m) in early spring and late autumn. The tree-ring carbon discrimination was enhanced under conditions with low relative humidity and sufficient sunshine in late summer and autumn. In general, the iWUE showed a significantly increasing trend since the 1850s for all the sites in response to the increase in atmospheric CO₂. However, the growth promotion of the increased iWUE on tree growth could not compensate the growth limitation caused by drought. Especially since the 1960s, a growth decline was found at two drought stressed sites at low altitudes. On the other hand, the increase in temperature of spring and autumn and iWUE has most likely enhanced tree growth at the high altitude site.     

秦岭森林锈菌区系

从1983～1995年,作者在秦岭地区采集了以树木锈菌为主的森林植物锈菌30属90余种。对这些锈菌的生态和生物地理分析表明：秦岭锈菌以温带型占明显优势（65％）,且多分布于海拔1300～2800m的中山针阔叶林带中。该地区锈菌区系的地理成分以东亚成分为主,尤以中国-日本成分为主;欧亚-北美成分和旧世界温带成分在秦岭占有相当比例（约30％）。古热带成分等其它地理成分的锈菌也汇集于此。秦岭地区锈菌区系起源古老。     

马尾松的生长与气候关系的年轮分析

马尾松的生长与气候关系的年轮分析兰涛,夏冰,贺善安（江苏省－中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）ＴｒｅｅｒｉｎｇａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａｇｒｏｗｔｈｔｏｃｌｉｍａｔｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ．￥ＬａｎＴａｏ;Ｘ...     

模糊图论在山西植被区划中的应用

 本文用模糊图论的最大树方法对山西植被区划进行了数量分类研究,将山西植被分为2个植被地带,6个植被地区,17个植被小区。与在植物群落学中应用的模糊聚类分析和其它方法相比,模糊图论的最大树方法直接依模糊相似系数矩阵得到树状图,从而避免了相似系数矩阵复杂的合成运算,而分类结果不仅更具直观性,而且也是令人满意的。我们认为模糊图论应用于植被区划是合适的。     

树鼩实验感染基孔肯雅病毒的研究

选用3株基孔肯雅病毒人工感染成年树鼩,进行了病毒血症、抗体动态变化、内脏组织病理改变和病毒在宿主体内定位的研究。结果表明,感染树鼩能产生2～6天的病毒血症。血凝抑制(Hi)抗体第6天产生,第30～50天达高峰:中和(NT)抗体在第10天产生,第30～40天达高峰,二者相关性非常显著(P<0.01)。补体结合(CF)抗体第14天产生,第40～50天为高峰,以后逐渐下降。第8～12天能在其脑、肺、肝、脾和肾等组织查到病毒,经病理检查这些内脏组织呈炎性改变和出血倾向,表明该病毒能侵袭树鼩各主要脏器。试验认为树鼩对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。     

Growth response of Sabina tibetica to climate factors along an elevation gradient in south Tibet

We examine the climate significance in tree-ring chronologies retrieved from Sabina tibetica Kom. (Tibetan juniper) at two sites ranging in elevation from 4124 to 4693 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Namling region, south Tibet. The study region is under the control of semi-arid plateau temperate climate. The samples were grouped into high- and low-elevation classes and standard ring-width chronologies for both classes were developed. Statistical analysis revealed a decreasing growth rate yet increasing chronology reliability with increasing elevation. Overall, correlation analyses showed that radial growth in S. tibetica at the study sites was controlled by similar climatic factors, regardless of elevation; these factors comprised early winter (November) and early summer (May–June) temperatures as well as annual precipitation (July–June). Slight differences in the correlation between tree growth along the elevation gradient and climate variables were examined. The correlations with early winter temperature varied from significantly positive at the low-elevation site to weakly positive at the high-elevation site, whereas the correlations between radial growth and early summer temperature increased from weakly negative at the low-elevation sites to strongly negative at the high-elevation sites. The abundant precipitation through the year may have masked variations in tree growth on different elevation aspects. Our results will aid future dendroclimatological studies of Namling tree rings in south Tibet and demonstrate the potential of S. tibetica Kom. for improving our understanding of environmental impacts on tree growth.     

冷驯化对中缅树能量代谢的影响

在 5± 1℃条件下对中缅树鼠句进行冷驯化处理 ,测定其能量代谢。冷驯化 2 8d后 ,体重比对照组显著增加 7 3 3 % ;整体能值达到 3 0 47± 0 46kJ/g (N =8) ,比对照组增加4 98% ;摄入能比对照组增加 3 6 1 7% ;同化能比对照组增加 6 6 2 % ;生长能达到 6 98±0 5 3kJ/1 0 0g (N =7)体重·天 ,是对照组的 4 85倍 ;维持能比对照组增加 6 4 0 % ,达到3 5 2 96± 2 8 3 4kJ/1 0 0g体重·天 (N =7)。以上结果表明中缅树鼠句在冷胁迫影响下 ,以增加能量摄入、能量储存和维持能和降低排泄能量的生理机制来维持能量代谢平衡 ,以此对策来提高低温环境适应能力